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BIO 2402 - Pathogenesis Report | Left Sided Heart Failure

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University of Texas at Arlington

   

Human Anatomy and Physiology of Metabolism and Processing (BIO 2402)

   

Added on  2020-03-04

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BIO 2402 - Pathogenesis Report - The following report aims to discussion the issues of left heart failure. Mrs. Brown presented with acute dyspnoea, rapid pulse rate, high blood pressure, increased breath rate and auscultation of lungs characterized by bilateral basal crackles. Left heart sided failure can be diastolic or systolic. Left sided heart failure occurs due to an ineffective left ventricular contractile function. 

BIO 2402 - Pathogenesis Report | Left Sided Heart Failure

   

University of Texas at Arlington

   

Human Anatomy and Physiology of Metabolism and Processing (BIO 2402)

   Added on 2020-03-04

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Running head: LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE 1Left Sided Heart FailureStudent’s NameUniversity Affiliation
BIO 2402 - Pathogenesis Report | Left Sided Heart Failure_1
LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE 2Concept MapClinical ManifestationsLow urine production Shortness of breathRapid and irregular pulseWeight gain due to fluid retentionPalpitations Acute dyspnoeaWeakness, fatigue and faintness [ CITATION Kem12 \l 1033 ]CausesDrinking excessive alcoholHeart attack Infections of the heart musclesHypothyroidismHigh blood pressure Narrow or leaking heart valves[ CITATION Paz12 \l 1033 ]PathogenesisLeft sided heart failure changes in bloodvolume, vascular function as well as neurohumoral status. Low supply of oxygenated blood leads to a deficit. Ventricular myocardium experiences strain as it strives to compensate the demand for oxygenated blood. Continuous strain on the heart muscles incapacitates the heart’s ability to pump adequate blood to other body parts. Sympathetic Nervous System triggered tosecrete hormones by the pressure receptors ofthe aorta. Pressure in the left ventricle of the heartcauses fluid accumulation in the lungs which inhibits gaseous exchange. Severe shortness of breath consequently occurs. ManagementGoals of managing left sided heart failure Minimizing symptomsReducing stress of the heart, Treating the infection that is causing heart failure Preventing death. Treatments might include:Pharmacotherapy is the first form of treatment for left-sided heart failure. The drugs are diuretics are ACE, aldosterone antagonists, beta blockers, digoxin and hydralazine hydrochloride. [ CITATION Ina16\l 1033 ]Surgery to unclog blocked heart arteries. Left Sided Heart Failure Diagnostic proceduresPhysical examination Disclose a rapid or irregular heartbeat.Detecting unusual heart motion Laboratory Tests Electrocardiogram (ECG) Chest x-rayCoronary angiography Heart stress testEchocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart)Blood tests to examine kidney and liver function An MRI [ CITATION Ina16 \l 1033 ]Course Stage A: Detecting heart failure atthis stage is difficult. It is primarily linked to individuals with a history of heart failure. Theinitial level in which a person faces frequent fatigue.Stage B: The individual faces shortness of breath and blood pressure starts to rise. The ventricular walls starts to weakeningStage C: Signs of heart failure areevident and in this stage the PrognosisLeads to early death. Chances of full recovery are minimal.Patients remain stablewith medicationPreventionRegular exercises Losing weight Low salt diet Reducing alcohol intakeQuitting smokingEating low fat foods Getting sufficient sleepAvoiding stressful events[ CITATION Ina16 \l 1033 ]
BIO 2402 - Pathogenesis Report | Left Sided Heart Failure_2
LEFT SIDED HEART FAILURE 3Left Sided Heart Failure: Questions1: PathogenesisMrs. Brown presented with acute dyspnoea, rapid pulse rate, high blood pressure, increased breath rate and auscultation of lungs characterized by bilateral basal crackles. Left heart sided failure can be diastolic or systolic. Left sided heart failure occurs due to an ineffective left ventricular contractile function [ CITATION Cra15 \l 1033 ]. Right-heart failure or right-sided heart disease might also cause left-sided heart failure. A decrease in right ventricular output diminishes blood return to the left ventricular, which causes left ventricular stroke volumeto decrease [ CITATION Lil12 \l 1033 ]. Oxygenated blood is received in the left atrium from the lugsbefore it is pumped by the left ventricular into the systemic circulation. Thus, when the capacity of the left side of the heart to pump blood to all the body parts is incapacitated, the body gets insufficient oxygen [ CITATION And14 \l 1033 ]. As a result, pressure builds up in the pulmonary vein. Congestion of the pulmonary vein occur leading to the accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Accumulation of fluid in the lung can lead to pulmonary embolism[ CITATION Kat14 \l 1033 ]. Shortness of breath, a rapid heart rate, and chest pain are the common symptoms of this condition which were evident in Mrs. Brown.Left-sided heart failure causes a substantial burden for patients and is thus a life threatening condition. As pressure mounts on the left ventricle of the heart, the myocardium weakens progressively. Myocardium in the left side of the heart loses the ability to pump adequate oxygenated blood out of the left ventricle [ CITATION Mar16 \l 1033 ]. This condition escalates to a level where the heart muscles are completely unable to pump oxygenated blood from the left ventricle. As a result, vital body organs like the brain fail to receive oxygenated
BIO 2402 - Pathogenesis Report | Left Sided Heart Failure_3

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