Organ Transplantation: Medical Technology and Ethical Considerations

This article discusses the advancements in medical technology related to organ transplantation. It provides an overview of the procedure, types of organ transplants, and the ethical considerations involved. The article also highlights the risks and complications associated with organ transplantation and the legal regulations governing the process.

Legal and ethical issue

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Overview of organ transplantation.........................................................................................3
Why organ transplant done.....................................................................................................4
Type of organ transplant.........................................................................................................5
The organ transplant procedure medical technology..............................................................7
Risk and complication............................................................................................................7
Act use in organ transplantation.............................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The medical technologies in defined as the advanced system which help to support the
patient in evaluating and examining the status of disease and the complication which is
associated with the individual. In context with this, the medical technologies help patient to
overcome from disease which may be injury or any type of complications and also it helps to
assist and treat the chronic illnesses. The medical technologies are found across the whole care
pathway its health and accelerate the recovery and keep people healthy and well. In this
advancement in the medical technologies are associated with the artificial intelligence. The
robotic surgery and the 3D printing are also achieved in the field of medical. In the development
of telemedicine is also an advancement procedure of the medical technology. The medical
technology helps to improve to the healthcare industry also it's created comfort zone for the
medical professionals and this helps to increase the knowledge and skills by knowing the new
innovation and technologies in the front of developing healthcare industries. In this report, the
organ transplantation is taken as a chosen topic for the discussion. In which what are the major
steps and what are the approaches which is usually follow by the surgeon of physician in order to
replace the organ from one body to another (Dard and et. al., 2018).
MAIN BODY
Overview of organ transplantation
In the field of medical technology, there are various achievements were held in this, organ
transplantation is one of them which is have a huge core concept in the medical technology in
this. The organ transplantation in patient is defined as a medical procedure in which the organ is
removed from the one body and place to another part of another person. This is usually
conducted when the damaged or missing organ identified in the recipient. As per the donor and
recipient may be the same location or organs may be transported from a donor site to another
location. This all-transplantation procedure is coming under the medical supervision it needs a
force of supervision which is based on the advanced technology. So, the organ transplantation is
usually conducted in the homeostasis of hospital (Epstein and et. al., 2018). This is useful for the
number of healthcare industry in order to replace the one place from the body to another place of
organ. This is done by specialized doctor and physician who have experience and knowledge in
this.

As per this, organ transplant is last processes in the case of organ failure. For the case
which is become critical this is also known as emergency medical situations. In such conditions,
the organ failure is optimized and that particular organ is replaced by another organ from a
person living or decreased is transplanted into the organ transplant recipient who want to provide
a new chance of survival. In context to this, medical technology is widely elaborated and stated
that the organ transplant is conducted when a donor used to give their organ to save anyone. As
per this, people suffering from chronic illnesses and want to live more fulfilled life and healthy
life. Then the organ transplantation may be required in case of genetic organ defect such as
congenital heart defect or polycystic kidney failure. In such cases, the organ is replaced because
the medication and fall short of making a difference in the lifestyle and also it decreases the
lifespan of the patient. So, the last option which is suggested by doctor in physician is organ
transplantation (Fleming and et. al., 2017).
Why organ transplant done
An organ transplant is initiated when the organ of the body is dysfunction and start to be a
very early and identified to ultimately fair and causes the person mortality. Then, the
transplantation of the organ is conducted which used to prevent the death of the patient who is
facing the issues of organ failure is already identified. The doctor suggests organ transplantation
at the end to stop the mortality and measure the risk factor which causes the death of the patient.
Some of the chronic conditions which is required the transplantation because this is the major
step which is taken in this. Some of them is chronic kidney disease in this the kidney failure is to
control the associated risk, the kidney transplant is an essential step which is followed by doctor
or physician in order to create the survival mode for the patient. Organ transplant offer a
recipient a new lease of life in case is where they are identified only for the survive due to the
end stage and the failure of organ. The organ transplant is usually conducted by the specialized
surgeons and physician who have authority and experience to conduct the transplantation. These
medical technologies help to save number of lives and play a significant role and the population
by providing the benefit to the people by organ transplantation (Helfrich and et. al., 2017).
Majorly there are a number of factors which is associated with the transplantation of organ
is have to provide a comfortable it to the patient. This provide essential factor in order to remove
the state or that which is occur due to the organ failure. The major causes of organ failure is
usually offer due to the dysfunction of that particular organ in that case doctor and physician

prescribed to remove that particular organs and transplant with another one for the improvement
of patient health (Kohmoto and et. al., 2018).
Type of organ transplant
The organ transplant was initially restricted for the vital organs because they have number
of side effects. As per this, in the medical technologies it is now new thing and this is taken by
various doctors in physician in order to provide medical and surgical processes. This help to
developed and recently allows for the transplantation of several organ which is not only for the
longest lifespan but also it helps to improve the quality of life to the patient. This help to provide
and extra chance for the survival and to create their own impact of life. As per this, some of the
organ transplant which is recently going in the medical technology by some specialized expert
who used to consider it and give their services to the number of people who is facing or dealing
issues with the organ failure.
Heart transplant: Since it is a vital organ an organ transplant is provided to the donor from
another patient who has suffered from any kind of complication. Such as brain death or any
minor accident which causes and the case of accident in that particular factor. The replacement
of the organ transplant recipient damaged or hurt can offer to the completely new one to afford
them a chance at the survival of the life. As this, the strict organ transplantation guidelines
around its such as the standard operating procedures and the organ transplant surgery is carried
out with the highly experts’ doctor which is working with proper allocations and procedures.
They have a tendency to monitor the patient vital signs from the organ transplant boxes and
operation. As per this, is due to the scarcity of donor sometime the heart transplant is become
more quickly and less performed organ transplant surgery. In recent time the medical
technologies are widely widespread their factors in number of regions and they create
opportunity for the doctor in order to provide best outcome with the transplantation of organ in a
proper timing with the monitoring process (Natori and et. al., 2018).
Lung transplant: As per this, the lung transplant is also a major step which is taken by
healthcare industry where as the lung is a vital organ. In this, the healthy longer taken from the
patient and transplanted to the organ transplant recipient and critically need time to transport.
Whereas, the lung transplant is also remaining across the globe because it is performed now a
days in a traffic mod and instant process. Whereas, lung contain number of factors and number
of surgeries in order to improve the quality of patient life. The organ transplant process is highly

dependent on the donor to prevent organ transplant rejection which is occur due to the less
immunity talking power and sometime the avoid the immune system attacking the new
transplant. This help to causes and fit for the death of that particular patient who receive the
lungs from the another.
Liver transplant: The cases of irreversible liver disease can cause the liver failure. It helps to
create the patient and liver which is initially removed or replaced some of the portion of liver
from a living donor in that cases. The donor may be relative or any complete healthy liver from a
deceased donor. As per this, the end stage of liver disease especially losses or any kind of liver
failure which is of a due to the alcohol abuse which is the most common reasons for the surgery
of the liver which is included and recommended for the transplantation of organ. In some of the
cases they are used to include chronic hepatitis b, chronic hepatitis c and also some of the disease
which is for active in nature. Such as autoimmune hepatitis metabolic disorder and an alcoholic
disease which is associated with the liver. In that case is the success rate of the liver transplant is
relatively high and accurate the expert in physician or doctor used to conduct a successful liver
transplantation surgery and the save the life of the patient. As per this, the survey and the
recorded basis and notified that the 75% of the patient are alive after the liver transplant and they
are completing their lifespan as normal for the whole (Nichols and et. al., 2020).
Kidney transplant: The renal disease is defined as disease which is associated with the clean and
that particular case that kidney failure is absorbed in the higher population. As per recent time
the kidney failure or renal disease is very common. In this section, the training is an essential
part of the human mechanism which helps to filter out the toxins from the bloodstream and
maintain the electrolyte balance which allow body to regulate their operations. Normally, the
kidney failure can be contained by either dialysis or by using the medical technology called as
kidney transplantation in various cases. The dialysis is overtaking in for the longer period of time
in order when the patient is failing for dealing with the kidney failure. To maintain the overall
health condition and organ transplant surgery is suggested by the doctor when both of the kidney
is not able to function smoothly then patient is suggested to conduct kidney transplant. Usually,
in that particular case the single kidney transplantation is created to reduce the risk of
complications. Such as rejection of the donor organ or the blood infection which is generally
causes during the kidney transplantation. The patient with cancer hepatitis or cardiovascular
diseases are not usually offer for table to complete the process of the kidney transplantation.

Whereas, the receiving a kidney from the other is also risk factor for the patient is due to the
autoimmune factors or the immune attack power. This also enables the patient to transfer some
of the years to receive the organ transplant and make it compatible for the patient to make it
proper and smooth functioning (Patel and et. al., 2020).
The organ transplant procedure medical technology
The organ transplant procedures is depend on the particular size of the transplantation
technique and what type of organ is used for the transplantation. In order to raise some of the
basic transplantation method which is followed for the heart, pancreas, liver, lungs and many
more. This involves the removal of a healthy organ from a donor and the transplanting process is
continued by the method of surgery and the post portal areas of the patient with end-stage
irreversible organ damage. The organ transplantation surgery this succeed by the use of drug
which help to prevent the transplantation rejection. These drugs create the innovation process
and the immune attacking power and maintain the resilience in that particular environment. For
the continuation of medical evaluation to identified the feasibility of the transplantation. The
proper checkup and routine check off is maintained and created for the patient in order to
develop some specific time and prior management to complete the feasibility of the
transplantation (Williams and et. al., 2018).
Risk and complication
The major risk associated with the organ transplant during the surgery is the rejection of
transplanted organ the body. Immune system automatically not able to accept the other organ
transplant organ due to the immediate response as taking as a for infusion. This approach from
the body creates number of reactions in the body where as possible the doctor used to try to use
the drug while conducting and offering organ transplant surgery (Pereira and et. al., 2020). They
try to match the donor and the recipient blood and make it a compatible for the patient immune
system to accept the organ. In that case, the tissue is help to reduce the chance of organ
transplant rejection after organ transplantation which is carried out and also this is initiated by
using the center to recipient body. This allow them to accept the organ which is specifically more
helpful. Some of the risk which is associated with the transplantation of organ. It is also attached
with the surgery because it involves number of blood infections by conducting the surgery or
after the surgery. The heart failure during the organ transplant process causes the excessive
bleeding and this bleeding leads to create the drug reaction in the body. However, most of the

great which is occur in that particular case is the procedure which is length and provide proper
concentration and focus at this case. The delegates of the team involved in the organ transplant
surgery maintain and create the positive environment in their surrounding and control the
rejection level of the patient body. While accepting the another one this is the most critical and
constant risk which is associated with the organ transplantation (Pouch and et. al., 2018).
Act use in organ transplantation
There are various laws and rules which is implemented for the organ transplantation that
time the legislation which is related to the organ donation and transplantation is also mentioned
in the human right acts and also in the human organ act. Which is passed by the countries with a
single aim that the regulation of removal, storage and transportation of human organ for the
therapeutic purpose and for the prevention of commercial in dealing in the human organ. As per
this, the organ scandals are going in very fast manner in the previous days. The organ is
transported legally from the one place to another for the purpose of commercial dealing. In the
various countries is all matters are related to the health which is governed in every region. This
act was initiated as the request of the healthcare industries in order to decrease that scandals
which is going the faster manner and this was subsequently adopted by various regions to reduce
the organ trafficking. Some of the laws which is implemented in the organ transplantation is
when a donor is ready to give their organ to the recipient. Then they allow to use that particular
organ for the patient (Santoro-Lopes and et. al., 2018).
The field of organ donation and transplantation is one of the most regulated factors in the
area of health in the present time. As per the federal legislation has also enquired and create
some of the laws which help to provide the safest and the most durable system for the allocation,
distribution and transplantation of organ. This all factors and authority are sanctioned for the
doctors and their delegation team. They have to transport the organ from one place to another
with proper regulations and by the approval of authority boards. As per this, the health resources
in service administration are a federal agency which is taking the responsibility for the transplant
system and the United States. For this some of the federal agency is also in the United Kingdom
for taking the role and responsibilities. In the department of health and human services which
play a very conductive role in the flow of organ from one place to another (Tschopp and et. al.,
2020).

CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, this is identified that the organ transplantation is a unique
process which is arrived in the medical technologies are on their peak. The medical technology is
defined as the adaptation of new technology which is based on the medical sciences for the
improvement and to maintain the quality of life which is associated with the patient. In this organ
transplantation is a unique process which is going gradually in various places which help
maintain and provide quality of life and create life span and mode of Survival to those who are
dealing or facing issues with the organ failure. this approach is conductive in nature and provide
extra benefits for the individual who is taking organ transplantation.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Dard and et. al., 2018. Management of toxoplasmosis in transplant recipients: an update. Expert
review of anti-infective therapy, 16(6), pp.447-460.
Epstein and et. al., 2018. Prevention and management of tuberculosis in solid organ transplant
recipients. Infectious Disease Clinics, 32(3), pp.703-718.
Fleming and et. al., 2017. Mobile health in solid organ transplant: the time is now. American
Journal of Transplantation, 17(9), pp.2263-2276.
Helfrich and et. al., 2017. A retrospective study to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of
opportunistic infections after abdominal organ transplantation. Transplant Infectious
Disease, 19(3), p.e12691.
Kohmoto and et. al., 2018. Cardiac surgery outcomes in abdominal solid organ transplant
recipients. The Annals of thoracic surgery, 105(3), pp.757-762.
Natori and et. al., 2018. Use of viral load as a surrogate marker in clinical studies of
cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplantation: a systematic review and meta-
analysis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(4), pp.617-631.
Nichols and et. al., 2020. Most pediatric transplant centers are low volume, adult-focused, and in
proximity to higher volume pediatric centers. Journal of pediatric surgery, 55(8),
pp.1667-1672.
Patel and et. al., 2020. Characteristics and outcomes of solid organ transplant patients with
COVID-19 at a north texas community based transplant center. Hepatology, pp.261A-
261A.
Pereira and et. al., 2020. COVID‐19 in solid organ transplant recipients: initial report from the
US epicenter. American Journal of Transplantation, 20(7), pp.1800-1808.
Pouch and et. al., 2018. Prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in
solid organ transplant recipients. Infectious Disease Clinics, 32(3), pp.733-748.
Santoro-Lopes and et. al., 2018. Tuberculosis recommendations for solid organ transplant
recipients and donors. Transplantation, 102(2S), pp.S60-S65.
Tschopp and et. al., 2020. First experience of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in solid organ transplant
recipients in the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study. American Journal of
Transplantation, 20(10), pp.2876-2882.
Williams and et. al., 2018. Patterns of kidney injury in pediatric nonkidney solid organ transplant
recipients. American Journal of Transplantation, 18(6), pp.1481-1488.