Assessment of Protection of Human Rights by Australian Government
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This study assesses the effectiveness of policies implemented by the Australian government for the security of human rights. It examines the constitution, common law, and the Human Rights Commission Act 1986. The study concludes that Australian law has taken sufficient measures to provide adequate protection to human rights.
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Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................3 Assessment of protection of human rights by Australian government............................................3 Constitution of Australia..............................................................................................................4 Common Law..............................................................................................................................4 Protection under Human Right Commission Act 1986...............................................................5 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9 Bibliography..................................................................................................................................11
INTRODUCTION Human rights are the fundamental rights of all individuals which are to be provided by regulatoryauthoritiesandthepoliticalsystemofthecountry.Itistheliabilityofthe administration that the human rights of person should be adequately protected. In this aspect, the Australiangovernmentappliedseveralrulesandregulatorymeasuresforsafeguarding fundamental human rights. The objective of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of policies implemented by the Australian management for the security of human rights. The study is intended to determine whether the law of Australia sufficiently protects the human right. For this aspect, practical examples of applicable laws and its influence will be considered. ASSESSMENTOFPROTECTIONOFHUMANRIGHTSBY AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT Human rights are essential civil liberties that protect mankind. It creates an environment where all the individuals have the freedom to live and speak in terms of both equality and liberty ahead to authority due tothe existence of human rights. There are different ways to protect the Human rights in Australia. In comparison with different moderate democratic system, there has no Bill of rights to look after human rights in any referred text in the country. On the other hand, all the rights are established in the common law, legislation and constitutions where all acts are approved by the representative bodies such as state parliament or commonwealth or territory parliaments1. 1Brian Galligan, and Morton FL Ted. "Australian exceptionalism: Rights protection without a bill of rights."Protecting Rights Without a Bill of Rights. (Routledge, 2017). 27-50.
Constitution of Australia Australia constitution has made a provision in which five clear individual rights are included like right to vote (section 41), andprevention of prejudice because of State of residency (Section 117), the power of examination by judges (Section 80), defense beside attainment of property on unfair conditions (Section 51 (xxxi)) as well liberty of religion rights (Section 116). Recently, addition rights have been found by the High court for the individuals who might be essentially oblique by structure and language of the establishment. Common Law An essential role is played by the legal authority for defending the human rights of Australians by understandingthe legislation and review the constitution. The court interprets the legislation at the time of making decisions for offering better protection andfairness of human rights.The regulation has been frequently stated by the rulesthat legislation should be interpreted to reduce the abrogation of primary human rights2. Frequently, Common law is known as law made by judges. It is different as of the regulation that is made in legislature. Moreover, definitelyit is true that much protection couldbe recognized as rights are secluded bycountries adjudicators being suitable common law values.Moreover, Common law can be extended or abridged by rules and regulations approved by Parliament. 2Dianne Otto . "Rethinking Universals: Opening Transformative Possibilities in International Human Rights Law."Human Rights. (Routledge, 2017). 305-340.
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Protection under Human Right Commission Act 1986 Huge particulars regarding the functions as well as powers of theAustralian Human Rights Commission (the Commission) has been clearly mentioned in the Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 since the Commonwealth organization has the liability forobserving andsupporting the human rights defenders. Moreover, the commission is also liable for the Acts under which the Sex Discrimination Act 1984, the Racial Discrimination Act 1975,the Age Discrimination Act 1996, the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 are included. The standard of non-discrimination is most important within the human rights law; however, every rights must be benefited by one and all in spite of issues like sex, disability or race . Australian Human right committee is one of the Non – governments association that encourage the understanding of human rights for everyonewithout discerning throughout devotion to the worldwide Bill of rights or other human rights instruments , worldwide within Australia . There are various objectives of the Human Rights Council3. Discrimination The rules that are implemented by the commission are included in the anti-discrimination laws and are well approved in Australia.Commissionof the State and Territory equal opportunity organization examine the Accusation of favouritism in education, employment, accommodation, services and public places. In which parties don’t agree to the negotiatedresolution of such 3Jon Altman, Larsen L., and Buchanan G. J. "The environmental significance of the Indigenous estate: natural resource management as economic development in remote Australia." (2018).
criticism, the pursuer has the libertyto take the matter to court for a conclusion and a preparation, as well asrecompense where that is suitable. Various human rights Though, different rights of humans are treated in a different way. Excluding Victoria along with in ACT there are no territories or state rights legislation; on the other hand, various state regulation imitates human right values. For instance, children’s protection law works for the interest of the children ; it is the major point of consideration as well as supreme consideration4. Basically, all the people are free to make a complaint regarding thehuman rights violations exceptinasituationwherethegrievanceisregardingbehaviorbyorbehalfofthe commonwealth. Although, in situation where commonwealth is established in breach of human rights, however not any law of Australia award a remedy.Positively it can be done by the commission as it has a right to account to the parliament through proposals5. Individual complaints can be referred to statement, for example in situation where cruel action of a Nigerian detainee at the Perth Immigration Detention Centreotherwise to court that functions to breach. undoubtedly, it cannot be done by the Commission. Only Commission has the power to report to the legislature with the recommendation. In the statements individual complaints - such as in the case of inhumane treatment of a Nigerian detainee at the Perth Immigration Detention Centreor 4Damien Short .Reconciliation and colonial power: Indigenous rights in Australia. (Routledge, 2016). 5Peter W Edge.Religion and law: An introduction. (Routledge, 2017).
to legislation that function to breach the rights of variousCommon wealth superannuation legislationthat differentiate next to similar sex couples.Even though it is important that the Commission's account should be listed in legislature, the administration is below no compulsion in the direction of accept recommendations6. Moreoverissues ofnon presencea preparation is same exist inside the cases of service discrimination that deal with the commission however at the time prejudice basically depends on thegroundsexceptfordisability,time,gender,pregnancyorbreastfeeding,race,sexual orientation, gender individuality or intersex position, married or relationship position as well as those are connected with theanti-discrimination legislation. As it is mentioned above that various territory and state Acts includes various reasons for the discrimination which is enclosed by Federal discrimination law and added basis like religion. Furthermore, Employment bias toa huge extent is covered by the federal Fair Work Act National Disability Strategy In case Australianminorities areunableto participate in the communities than for sure fully our communitywillloseout.Asthereisalackofalertnessofdisabilityissuessuchas discriminations and barriers can be attitudinal as well as a corporal7. 6Scott Veitch.Law and the Politics of Reconciliation. (Routledge, 2016). 7EszterKismödi,etal."Advancingsexualhealththroughhumanrights:theroleofthe law."Global public health10.2 (2015): 252-267.
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The government has passed the new National Disability Strategy for protecting the disabled people in a better way as well as for decreasing the violence besides the children and the women national plan is made. Generally, the idea of the national plan is to lessen the violence against the children and the women’s.The major goal was to achieve governmentobjectives by reducing violence in societies however that helps to ensure that child and women’s rights are secured for them so that they can live in liberty and safe from domestic violence as well as sexual assault8. On the basis of the above analysis, it has been seen that the government approved several rules and regulation for the protection of human right. Currently, country has been supported through worldwide human rights supervise to reorganize completion of rights in Australia.In which following explanation are incorporated- Still, some sectors are there in which effective remedy to the individual is not provided by the domestic legal system whose right below the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights have been breached. However, is important that they should take measures to provide an outcome to every agreement rights and freedom citizens doesn’t have any rights to open complaints in the local court due to the Convention on the Rights of the Children. Most significant national support that is necessary for Australia isthebill of rights and reason is that they havethe power to secure unpopular minorities, for example, protecting Indigenous 8BillFrelick, Kysel Ian M, and Podkul Jennifer. "The impact of externalization of migration controls on the rights of asylum seekers and other migrants."Journal on Migration and Human Security4.4 (2016): 190-220.
people from being abused. Furthermore, in presence of bill of rights in organization it will protect the people to survive dignified and peaceful life, and also free from disparagement because bill of rights can operate to verify, balance or examine rather a court endorse by the parliamentdefend the human rights because the bill of rights can, in addition,assist parliament in making law as anorientation9. It has been already described that, the state, federal, and territory anti-discrimination legislation helps in the direction to protect the human rights which make illegal happenings as of origin , gender, race religion, race and disability however the protection which provided is unbalancedas the parliament have the powerto make a new law limit to adjust it,and the law can reorganize. Consequently, a bill of human rights in the foundation can defence the rights of Australian for the reason that to change or adjust the establishment is very hard as attaining doubledecisive factor which isthe majority of stateagree on o on the facts that thealtering in the constitution is verynecessary. CONCLUSION By considering the above analysis, the conclusion can be drawn that constitution, common law, the judicial authority of Australia had taken approaches, regulatory steps for the defense of civil rights.AnalysisofthestudyshowsLawsandregulationsapprovedbytheAustralian government, has obtained the dual objective of growth, and consistency of human rights of the community.Apartfromthat,thejudicialauthorityhassafeguardedhumanrightsby understanding the legislation in the current environment in order to address involving issues in 9Peter W Edge.Religion and law: An introduction. (Routledge, 2017).
the community. Further, there are several private non-government organizations that assist in enhancing the human awareness rights in Australia along with providing protection to the same. Further, various plans have been developed by the government, such as national disability plan, helps the protection of human right. Therefore, by consideringthe aboveanalysis, it can be said that Australian law has taken sufficient measure to provide adequate protection to human rights.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Altman, Jon, L. Larsen, and G. J. Buchanan. "The environmental significance of the Indigenous estate: natural resource management as economic development in remote Australia." (2018). Edge, Peter W.Religion and law: An introduction. (Routledge, 2017). Frelick, Bill, Ian M. Kysel, and Jennifer Podkul. "The impact of externalization of migration controls on the rights of asylum seekers and other migrants."Journal on Migration and Human Security4.4 (2016): 190-220. Galligan, Brian, and FL Ted Morton. "Australian exceptionalism: Rights protection without a bill of rights."Protecting Rights Without a Bill of Rights. (Routledge, 2017). 27-50. Kismödi,Eszter,etal."Advancingsexualhealththroughhumanrights:theroleofthe law."Global public health10.2 (2015): 252-267. Otto, Dianne. "Rethinking Universals: Opening Transformative Possibilities in International Human Rights Law."Human Rights. (Routledge, 2017). 305-340. Short, Damien.Reconciliation and colonial power: Indigenous rights in Australia. (Routledge, 2016). Veitch, Scott.Law and the Politics of Reconciliation. (Routledge, 2016).