This report covers the classifications of law, role of hierarchy of courts, source of law, and UK law making process for employment law in the English legal system. It also discusses the statutory duties of employers and wrongful and unfair dismissal actions. Course code: BMP4002 Business Law.
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BMP4002Business Law Assessment 1 Legal System for Business Law 1
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Contents Introduction2 Part 1: Classifications of Lawp-p Define laws and identify the respective legal systems in the UK p Explanation with examples the following as means of classification of laws in the English Legal systemp-p a) Civil Lawp b) Criminal Lawp Explanation of the role of the following Courts in the English Legal systemp-p a)High Courtp b)Supreme Courtp Part 2: Source of lawp-p Explanation of Case Law as a source of lawsp Explanation of the process of making Legislationp The meaning and examples of Delegated Legislationp Part 3:UK law making process:Employment Lawp-p Statutory Duties of Employers to their employeesp Wrongful Dismissal and Unfair Dismissal Actions Conclusionp 2
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Introduction The UK legal system is a systematic body of rules and regulation that governs the activities of the society. The complex and diverse legal structure of United Kingdom, gives prior importance to right of the individual. The sources of law plays significant role in maintaining law and order in the country and safeguards legal right of their citizens. The law is divided into civil and criminal according to the nature, type and procedure of the legislation. The enforcement authority are responsible for providing fair, just and equitable treatment to the victims(Akhtar, 2020). The role of English legal system is important for the economic growth of the nation and reducing the crime rate from the society so that the individual can live freely without any fear and stress. This report will cover various classifications of law and role of hierarchy of courts in the English legal system. Further, it will include the impact of employment law on the right of employees and employer. Part 1: Classifications of Law Define laws and identify the respective legal systems in the UK Law is a wider term which involves rules, regulations and principles that influences human behavior and regulates their activities. It has no legal definition under the statute but it was recognized by many jurists ans scholars. It is systematic application of rules and regulation in the society to provide safe and healthy environment to an individual and protection against the human body, property and person. Many jurist has defined the term law in a strict sense and are applicable on the law of land. According to Salmond “law is the principles that is recognized and applied for the effective administration of justice”. But this definition was criticized on many grounds as it does not specify the element of justice and fairness. There are different schools of law that has identified the exact meaning of law. The nature of law is depends upon the functionality and its validity(Aylott, 2022). It provides effective mechanism to resolve disputes due to fault of any of the parties and enforce their rights through legal remedy via a court system. The UK English legal system is diverse and complex. Many legislative framework has been established to secure the interest of the parties and gives them effective legal solution so, that their faith on the legal system remains protected. Law is important for each section of the society to bring sense of belongingnessand harmony among each other. Therefore, these laws are binding upon the individual and can claim their rights through enforcement bodies. 4
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Explanation with examples the following as means of classification of laws in the English Legal system a) Civil Law:It deals with the dispute that take place between the private individuals. These individuals comes together through legal agreement that puts legal obligation over each other and binds them with certain terms and condition. Any of the party fails to perform their part of rights and responsibilities as laid down under the contract will be held liable for the breach of contract(Campbell, 2021). Civil law provides compensation and monetary relief to the parties. It includes law of Tort, contract law, property law, employment law etc. It affects the right of the individual and not the whole society at large. It aims to settle the dispute between two individuals and enforce the rights and obligation of the citizens. The civil law cover the certain issues like family disputes, personal injury, employment law and many more. b) Criminal Law:it covers those offenses that are committed against the human body, property and person. It has negative impact on the society and affects the society at large. The criminal justice system is detailed legislation that put strict punishment on the offenders for their guilty act and charged them with imprisonment and community order to deter the society. The criminal law aims to maintain law and order in the society and offers safe environment where the right of an individual remains secured and protected. Criminal law defines the offenses and provides legal procedure for its trial and prosecution. It covers offenses like murder, fraud, cheating, sexual assault, theft, defamation etc. Explanation of the role of the following Courts in the English Legal system High Court:The third highest court of UK is considered as High Court that deals with the civil matters and have appellate jurisdiction to heard and decide the matter. They have power to decide the appeal matters earlier made in lower courts. It follow the principle of precedent which means they are bound with the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal (Charret-Del Bove, 2022). Any decision made by the High Court are appeal able to the Supreme Court. There are three divisions i.e.,Queen's Benchthat deals contract and tortuous maters whereas, Chancery Divisionare responsible for commercial issues andfamily division provides legal solution to the family matters. 5
Supreme Court:It is a highest court of land that addresses the civil and criminal matter to give prior importance to the national issues. It plays significant role in the development of UK laws and responsible for enforcing statutory guidelines that are relevant for maintaining law and order in the society (Damerell and Waldron, 2019). The Constitutional Reforms Act of 2005 provides systematic legislation for creation of Supreme Court in UK. The decision of such court are binding upon the lower Courts and involves in debating process for enactment oflegislation. The supreme Court of Appeal is also known as the House of Lords which is final court of UK. Part 2: Source of law Explanation of Case Law as a source of laws Case law are the distinctive nature of laws of the English law system, even the case and the English law was built on the case law. These are the judgments law which was built by the Royal Court and still is the important source of law and it is important to understand in the case law about the court's principles which are precedent binding. There is a doctrine which helps the case law is the“Doctrine of Precedents”It has a meaning which says that, like cases must get decided by the same judgments. It means it is necessary to adapt this doctrine to have the similar facts of the case at the time of litigation of a previous case only then that case would get decide by using the judgments of the previous case. It has a simple process to decide the similar facts cases and this only exist in the civil law system. These case laws are found in the Law Reports of the United Kingdom and in UK there are many Law Reports which holds the record of every case. Explanation of the process of making Legislation To make the laws in UK only the legislation has the power to make new laws, it is the primary sources of law and the only authority who holds the power of framing newlawsfortheState.TheUnitedKingdomhavetheparliamentaryformof governmentwhichmeansallthepowerofmakinglawsarecontrolledbythe parliament only. The parliament of UK have two houses which consist of members who deals with the every bills which came out to become the law (Keeling, and Oakley, 2020). The first one is House of Common and the another one is House of 6
Lords. In the beginning every bill get introduced firstly at House of Common and then to the House of Lords. After getting the majority to pass the bill then it will be send to the Monarch who is the Queen of the United Kingdom. The law making would get done by following the procedure by passing the bill from various stages by the houses of parliament. The first began with the chamber where the name of the bill got suggested. In the second stage after giving the name to bill, discussion was made on the facts of the bill where error has been found. In third stage the finding of an error has been continued to make the bill out of flaws. The fourth stage gives more opportunities to the members for bring some changes in the bill. Inthefifthstagevotingwillbedonewhichdecidethecorrectnessof amendments. In sixth stage after pointing out the errors, House of Lords send it to the House of Commons for checking the changes made by them. In this stage only, members of the House of Commons have a duty to find out more corrections in the bill and also verify the changes made by House of Lords. After the correction or the acceptance of by the House of Commons bill would again send to the House of Lords and this cycle will be on repeat till all the corrections and the amendments took place (Murkens, 2018). After the amendments made by both the houses and no changes have to be done in bill and it got passed by the two third majority of both the houses. In the final stage bill got sent to the Monarch for the Royal assent, without the consent of the Queen none of the bill got converted into law. 7
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The meaning and examples of Delegated Legislation The law making power is the unique power which is in the hand of the legislation only. Soif they have the power then they also have thepower to delegated the same power to some authority to make laws. Delegated means to distribute and once the power got delegated by the only authority which is legislature afterthatnolawmakingpowerwilltransferredahead.AstheUKhavethe parliamentary system of governance so it require to delegate the power of law making which is for the states and for the whole country. Part 3:UK law making process:Employment Law Statutory Duties of Employers to their employees There are many duties of the employers towards their employee's and in UK several efforts has been made to bring such laws which builds the relationship between employer and the employee's. It is highly in demand because the value of employee's were not understood by their employers, they were treated bad and even at the time of leave they didn't get the parental or maternal leave. There are some rights of the workers and the employee's which have to be provided now after enforcing the Employment Law in UK. This act has some sources fro where it came and from where the ideas would brought to enact the act like Employment Act. Common Law- These are the law which are not made by the legislature, these are the common laws which come into force as per the society demands and conditions. Through the common laws requirement to protect the right of the employee's arise (Weatherill, 2022). Statute- There is a history of forcing the employment act, before this several act's was discovered till 1970s. European Law- When the domestic law of UK got failed and become contradict to another law then, these laws can be used. Wrongful Dismissal and Unfair Dismissal Actions 8
Everyone has their own individual rights to protect. All have the rights to do work and also to leave the work according to the procedure. But, the employer didn't followed the same procedures, they exploited the employee's in various manner like not providing the minimum wages to them, not providing the medical facilities and after their work got complete they kicked out the employee's without any procedure followed (Wincott, 2020). Its not fair according to the UK Employment law to remove the employee's without any information and without following any procedure. These rights and protection are given under section 108- 110 of the Employment Act. Conclusion Fromtheabovereportithasbeenconcludedthat,therearetwomain classification of laws which are Civil Law and the Criminal Laws. The above report 9
described the English legal system with the law making process which is done by the only law making authority i.e. Legislation and other sources of UK laws are case laws also described. The role of High Court and the Supreme Court got discussed and in the last of the report, Employment Act would got described by putting the light on the provisions of removing the employee's by their employers by unfair manner. REFERENCES 10
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Akhtar, Z., 2020. Low Skilled Jobs, Free Movement Migration and Employment in the UK.Labor Law Journal,71(3), pp.144-153. Aylott,E.,2022.EmploymentLaw:APracticalIntroduction(Vol.21).KoganPage Publishers. Campbell, M., 2021. How to determine the law governing an arbitration agreement: direction from the UK Supreme Court.International Arbitration Law Review,24(1), pp.28-36. Charret-Del Bove, M., 2022. What Future for Human Rights in the UK Post-Brexit?.Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique,27, p.2. Damerell, P. and Waldron, T., 2019. UK perspective. InSEPs, SSOs and FRAND(pp. 149- 170). Routledge. Keeling, J. and Oakley, L., 2020. THE LAW AND SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE UK.Safeguarding Across the Life Span, p.39. Murkens, J.E.K., 2018. Judicious review: the constitutional practice of the UK Supreme Court.The Cambridge Law Journal,77(2), pp.349-374. Weatherill, S., 2022. Comparative Internal Market Law: The UK and the EU.Yearbook of European Law,40, pp.431-474. Wincott, D., 2020. Symposium introduction: The paradox of structure: The UK state, society and ‘Brexit’.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,58(6), pp.1578-1586. 11