Legislation Financial Management and Accountability

Running head: PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
ASSESSMENT EVENT 2: Research
UNIT NAME/NO: PSPGEN042 Exercise delegations
Test:
Type of document Name of document Summary of document Level of
government
Legislation Financial
Management and
Accountability Act
1997 (FMA Act)
The Act is enacted for the
appropriate management of
public money as well as
public property.
Federal
Regulation Financial
Management and
Accountability
Regulation 1997
(FMA Act)
The regulation is framed
for the
appropriate management of
public money as well as
public property.
Federal
guidelines Commonwealth
Procurement Rules
20 April 2019
Accomplishing value for
money is the fundamental
rule of the Commonwealth
Procurement Rules
because it is grave to
ensure that public
resources have been used
in the most efficient,

2PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
ethical and economical.
Legislation Public Works &
Procurement Act
1912 No 45
This Act consolidates the
acts relating to public work
and further make provision
relating to the acquisition
of goods and services in
New south wales
government agencies
State Government
Legislation Public Sector
Employment &
Management
Amendment
(Procurement of
Goods & Services)
Act. 2012 (NSW)
This act focuses to amend
the public sector
employment and
management Act, 2002
regarding the procurement
of goods and services for
the New South Wales
Government and further
provide guidelines about
performance management
of public sector employees
State Government
Regulation Public Works &
Procurement
Regulation 2014
(NSW)
This regulation is framed
to re-make the provisions
of Part 4A and Schedule 1
of Public Sector
Management Regulation
State Government

3PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
2009, which stated about
procurement of goods and
services and comparative
neutrality in tendering.
Activity: 1
Using the Internet - access the following link:
https://www.finance.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/General-Purchasing-Delegation.pdf and
answer the following:
 At what date did the delegations take effect?
1 June 2010
 Which Regulation are the delegations referring to?
PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT (GOODS AND SERVICES) REGULATION 2000
elaborates that the State Contracts Control Board is liable for the obtaining and dumping
of goods and services for the NSW public sector service.
 What are the requirements for goods and services over $3,000 and up to $30,000 in value
(including GST)?

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An agency purchasing goods and services value of which crossed r $3,000 and if limited
to $30,000, is required to give at least one written quotations for the same, provided such
goods and services are not available under state contracts, subject to seeking1.
ASSESSMENT EVENT 1: Test
UNIT NAME/NO: PSPGEN043
Test 1
1. COA was founded in 26th of January 1788
2. The Australian Constitution elaborates on the formation power and role of federal
government2.
3. The Government of Australia operates under the federal system of government
envisaged under the Australian constitution 19013.
4. The Westminster system is also the basis of government in the Australian
Commonwealth Government. The main characteristic of this type of government is
there is a ministry is usually formed with the members of the parliament, who are
usually the government members enforcing executive powers and answerable to the
parliament. In this system of government there exist an independent judiciary4.
1 www.finance.nsw.gov.au. https://www.finance.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/General-Purchasing-
Delegation.pdf (accessed Mar 18, 2020).
2 Arcioni E, Stone A. The small brown bird: Values and aspirations in the Australian Constitution. International
Journal of Constitutional Law. 2016 Jan 1;14(1): PP: 60-79.
3 Lau J, Handsley E, Reynolds C. Obesity Prevention Laws and the Australian Constitution. Journal of law and
medicine. 2017 Nov;25(1): PP:248-66.
4 Allison JW. The Westminister Parliament's Formal Sovereignty in Britain and Europe from a Historical
Perspective. Giornale di Storia Costituzionale. 2017;pp:34:57.

5PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
5. There are three levels of government in Australia they are federal state and local
government5.
6. The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative of the
Queen.
7. Parliament can make laws on Criminal, Civil, Patent and Animal rights
8. The Parliament of Australia has the authority to make laws for the entire nation. To
become a law, a bill has to go through several processes of debate and decision-
making. All bills passed and ensured by both the House of Representatives and the
Senate and further, it signed by the Governor-General. Usually, a written bill is first
moves to the House of Representatives by a minister. However, it can also be
proposed in the Senate. The Clerk after the presentation reads out the title of the bill.
Every time a bill has been read by a Clerk in the House, it further proceeds to the next
phase. The minister can place a request for reading the bill second time in the House
and then explain the purpose of such bills. The debate is then adjourned in order to
allow the members of a parliament to scrutinize the bill and make a decision about it.
In a second reading debate of the bill, the members of the parliament get a chance to
share their opinion about the bill. However, at the end of such debate, members asked
to vote on whether a bill should be read a second occasion or not. If the House is of a
similar opinion to read out the bill again, then the Clerk reads out the title of the bill
and it is further been forwarded to the next stage. During this, the House can observe
the various aspects of the bill. Members of the Parliament can also give their opinion
about the policies of such a bill. This stage is specified as Consideration in Detail. If
the House gives the vote for reading the bill for the third time in the House, then it
signifies that the bill has been passed by the House of Representatives. Then the bill is
5 Allison JW. The Westminister Parliament's Formal Sovereignty in Britain and Europe from a Historical
Perspective. Giornale di Storia Costituzionale. 2017;pp:34:57.

6PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
forwarded to the Senate, which may refer the same to a specific committee for more
inquiry. The committee informs the Senate about its discovery. However, even in the
Senate, the bill has to go through three stages readings. At the end of the second
reading, the Senate gives votes on the bill. This specifies whether the senators agree
with the core idea of the bill or not. After this, the Senate votes on the bill in its
concluding form. Then the bill is returned to the House of Representatives. If the
House accepts the amendments made by the Senate in the bill during the second
debate, then only it can become a law6.
9. In case of conflict between the federal state and local government the federal court act
as an educated to resolve the issue.
10. The parliament of Australia is made of the ground the Senate and the House of
Representatives7.
11. The referendum is a direct and collective voting procedure in which a whole
electorate is requested to vote on a specific proposal. This process may result in the
adoption of new policies.
12. The doctrine of separation of powers in Australia separates the different foundations
of the government into three branches: such as legislative, executive and judicial. The
legislature prepares the laws; the executive enforces the laws, and the judiciary
defines the laws. The doctrine of the separation of powers is generally presumed to be
one of the pillars of a fair governmental structure. However, a strict figure of
separation of powers is not always apparent in Australia. Separation of powers,
therefore, deals with the division of government liabilities into different branches to
limit the powers of a particular branch. Furthermore, it nullifies a branch from
6 Willumsen DM, Stecker C, Goetz KH. The electoral connection in staggered parliaments:
Evidence from Australia, France, Germany and Japan. European Journal of Political
Research. 2018 Aug;57(3):pp:759-80.
7 Wood A. A day in the life of indigenous Australia: From Flora and Fauna to personhood.
Pandora's Box. 2018 Nov(2018):1.

7PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
exercising the functions of another branch. The main purpose of the doctrine is to
evade the absorption of power and ensure balance in exercising powers. The
legislative branch is liable for enacting the laws of the state and generates financial
resources necessary for the running of the government. The executive branch is
accountable for executing and administering different public policies. The judicial
branch is accountable for construing the laws and application of the same in cases of
controversies8.
13. The Fundamental purpose of parliamentary committees is to execute the functions
which the Houses themselves are not capable to perform, such as, discovering the
facts of a case, scrutinizing witnesses, extracting evidence, and concluding reasons.
Due to their construction and methods of process, which is prepared but in a casual
way comparing with the other Houses, these committees are well trained to collect
pieces of evidence from expert groups or individuals. These committees not only held
inquiries but also enable the Members to be well updated about the community views.
However, a general investigation committee may endorse the public debate about the
subject at issue. The all-party configuration of the majority of committees and their
tendency to function across the party lines are vital characteristics. This bipartisan
attitude usually makes it evident during the method of investigation and the drawing
up of several conclusions. Committees further examine the Executive bodies to donate
towards an improved and updated administration and government policy-structuring
method. Parliamentary committees of the Australian House of Representatives are
appointed by the House of Representatives and perform certain specified tasks. They
are usually comprised of government and non-government Members and have
substantial powers to carry out work on behalf of the Parliament. The Senate
8 Neudorf L. Separating Powers through the Constitution: A Comparison of India and Australia. Comparative
Reflections on the Constitutional Models of India and Australia (Bloomsbury, 2019)(published as two chapters
in this edited collection). 2019.

8PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
committee also performs a wide-ranging task. These committee proceedings are
usually flexible in nature9.
14. In The Federal government structure, the upper house is known as the senate and the
lower house is known as the House of Representatives.
15. In the state government structure of Australia, the upper house is called the legislative
council and the lower house is called the legislative assembly.
16. The six protocol that Australia follows are,
 International convention on the elimination of all forms of racial
discrimination 1965,
 International covenant on civil and political rights 1966,
 International Covenant on economic social and cultural rights 1966,
 Convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against
women of 1979,
 Convention against torture and other cruel inhuman or degrading
treatment and punishment 1984,
 Convention on the rights of the child 198910.
17. Eight pieces of legislations are,
 The constitution of Australia 1901,
 Freedom of information act 1982,
 Administrative decisions act 1977,
 Legislative instruments regulation 2004,
 Community land management act 1989,
 Contract review act 1980,
9 Hendriks CM, Regan S, Kay A. Participatory Adaptation in Contemporary Parliamentary Committees in
Australia. Parliamentary Affairs. 2019 Apr 1;pp:72(2):267-89.
10 Walters R, Mavcic A, Harvey M. Human Rights Law: Australia and Slovenia. Liverpool Law Review. 2018
Oct 1;39(3):pp:197-219.

9PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
 Environmental planning and assessment act 1979, Part 6.
18. The machinery of government is the interrelated construction and methods of
government such as the functions and liability of the departments in the executive
branch of the government. The term MACHIENARY government and administrative
rearrangements are interchangeable and generally used to demonstrate those changes
that have been made to the basic structure of the Government and the allotment of
government functions between the department and ministers machinery11.
19. To ensure compliance with the legislative guidelines at the workplace, one needs to
ensure that he or she has the whole knowledge about the particular legislation.
Therefore, a person needs to be sure before talking about the enforcement of specific
guidelines in the workplace. Further, the person needs to ensure what a specific
section of a legal rule is applicable over a particular situation. Further, a person needs
to be updated about the latest version of that law. Furthermore, It is always best
practice to have a consultation with the legal expert who poses a vast knowledge in
such a legal area to clear any kind of doubts in the execution of laws.
Activity 1
1. In the case of a bicameral parliament, members assemble and vote under the authority
of two-part chambers which are known as the lower house and upper house. The
lower house is comparatively founded on a population where every member
represents the equal figure of citizens in every district. The upper house differs further
widely in such a way in which members are chosen and appointed by different
11 Wettenhall R. Portfolios, departments and agencies: Tinkering with the machinery-of-government map.
Australasian Parliamentary Review. 2016;pp:31(1):98.

10PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
authorities through direct and indirect elections. Therefore, the upper house can
signify ethnic, religious, or regional alliances12.
The features of both the lower and upper legislative houses vary on a various
number of factors. There are differences in the size, tenure of office, earnings,
membership, representations. However, two specific dimensions have been
highlighted. The first is whether the two houses are comprised of even or uneven
powers. In case, the power of the house is uneven, shabby bicameralism comes into
the picture, and where the strength is equal, powerful bicameralism prevails. The
second division is whether both the houses are related or unrelated in their
composition. However, they are considered to be identical in nature if both the houses
are chosen and they are presumed to be identical in their structural composition if
both the houses are chosen with harmonious electoral systems.
2. The Parliament of Australia has the authority to make laws for the entire nation. To
become a law, a bill has to go through several processes of debate and decision-
making. All bills passed and ensured by both the House of Representatives and the
Senate and further, it is signed by the Governor-General. Usually, a written bill is first
moves to the House of Representatives by a minister. However, it can also be
proposed in the Senate. The Clerk after the presentation reads out the title of the bill.
Every time a bill has been read by a Clerk in the House, it further progressed to the
next stage. The minister can place a request for reading the bill second time in the
House and then explain the purpose of such bills. The debate is then adjourned in
order to permit the members of a parliament to scrutinize the bill and make a decision
about it. In a second reading debate of the bill, the members of the parliament get a
chance to share their opinion about the bill. However, at the end of such debate,
12 Vandamme PE, Jacquet V, Niessen C, Pitseys J, Reuchamps M. Complementary Virtues and Competing
Legitimacies: Inter-Chamber Relationships in a Bicameral Elected and Sortitioned Legislature. conference on a
‘Legislature by Lot’ 2017.

11PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
members asked to vote on whether a bill should be read a second occasion or not. If
the House be in agreement to read out the bill again, then the Clerk reads out the title
of the bill and it is further been forwarded to the next stage. During this, the House
can observe the various aspects of the bill. Members of the Parliament can also give
their opinion about the policies of such a bill. This stage is specified as Consideration
in Detail. If the House gives a vote for reading the bill for the third time in the House,
then it signifies that the bill has been passed by the House of Representatives. The bill
is then forwarded to the Senate, which may refer the same to a specific committee for
more inquiry. The committee reports to the Senate about its findings. However, even
in the Senate, the bill has to go through three stages readings. At the end of the second
reading, the Senate gives votes on the bill. This specifies whether the senators agree
with the core idea of the bill or not. After this, the Senate votes on the bill in its
ultimate form. Then the bill is returned to the House of Representatives. If the House
accepts the amendments made by the Senate in the bill during the second debate, then
only it can become a law13.
3. According to the guidelines of the Commonwealth Constitution, the Federal
governments are significantly liable for offering to school to all children. They have
the foremost fiscal liability for government schools, further to contribute additional
funds to private schools and standardize the policies and curriculum for such school.
Federal and State Governments are further liable for the management and providing
major financial support to vocational education and training (VET). Both
governments are further responsible for implementing educational guidelines in order
to ensure higher studies.
The Commonwealth government has extraordinary liabilities in educational
13 www.peo.gov.au. Passing a bill - Parliamentary Education Office https://www.peo.gov.au/understand-our-
parliament/how-parliament-works/bills-and-laws/passing-a-bill/ (accessed Mar 18, 2020).

12PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
and training fields for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities,
migrants, providing financial aids to students and also to ensure international
collaborations with other countries in respect of education. The Department of
Education of the Australian Government thrives to implement various policies to
specify the roles of both the type of governments in the educational progress of
Australia14.
Activity 2:
The term protocol denotes standardized functions and etiquettes that generally
followed by the delegates of a country while dealing with law and order. Its
characteristics are similar to that of a treaty only difference is, it is less formal
agreements that are comprised of legal guidelines. Usually, a protocol modifies,
complements or explains all-party treaties. A protocol can be related to any topic
suitable with the original treaty and is further used either to address something in the
actual or subsidiary treaty or to deal with a new concern. A protocol can be binding
and option varies from case to case.
However, there are some serious consequences one might have to face in case
of breach of requisite guidelines of a protocol. This generally applies to the protocol
which is mandatory to be followed. It is important to follow a mandatory protocol
because might be in connection with some other mandates of international
importance, breach of which might cause drastic damage for the sole purpose of such
treaty or convention. Furthermore, the following of a protocol is important to ensure
the habit of following rules in cases where such protocol relates to any official
purposes. Therefore, every person, country and any person must ensure the following
of guidelines of a protocol in order to maintain the balance of regularity.
14 Qiang ZH. Government Assistance to Disadvantaged Children in Accessing Early Childhood Education and
Care in Australia. Journal of Teacher Education. 2017(pp:2):15.

13PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
ASSESSMENT EVENT 1: Research
UNIT NAME/NO.: PSPPCY00415
Local Government Electoral Regulation, 2012 (QLD) -
https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/current/sl-2012-001716
Agricultural Tenancies Regulation, 2006 -
https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/regulation/2006/448/full17
Australian code for responsible conduct of research 2018 - https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-
us/publications/australian-code-responsible-conduct-research-201818
Australian code for responsible conduct of research 2018:
1. The Australian code for responsible conduct of research 2018 recognized framework
for rational research demeanor. It further offers the pillar for upgraded quality of
research, trustworthiness and community belief in the research venture.
2. The NHMRC through the Australian code for the responsible conduct of research
2018 recognizes the role of consumers in research fields. This further recognizes the
rights of the consumer to participate in the research. The statement on consumer and
community involvement in health and medical research further accompanied the code
by aiding the various research institutions, fellow researchers, customers and
community members in their proactive involvement in each aspect of health and
15 Hernandez-Meier JL, Akert B, Zheng C, Guse CE, Layde PM, Hargarten S. Status of legal firearm possession
and violent deaths: methods and protocol for a retrospective case-control study. Injury prevention. 2019 Sep
1;25(Suppl 1):pp:49-58.
16 www.legislation.qld.gov.au. https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/current/sl-2012-0017
(accessed Mar 18, 2020).
17 www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/. NSW legislation
https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/#/view/regulation/2006/448/full (accessed Mar 18, 2020).
18 www.nhmrc.gov.au. Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research, 2018 | NHMRC
https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about-us/publications/australian-code-responsible-conduct-research-2018 (accessed
Mar 18, 2020).

14PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
medical research. This further promotes the ethical environment that every research
institution and researcher should follow while doing their work. This is necessary as
the new inventions must comply with the fairness of research, further it must not
infringe the right of the other researcher engaged in the same field research.
3. The benefits of this code are wide-ranging. The main benefits are this code act as a
cornerstone for upgraded quality of research, trustworthiness and community belief in
the research venture in Australia. Further, it provides adequate guidelines for
maintaining the transparency in conducting and declaring interest of the research,
guidelines for maintaining the fairness of the research, and fair reporting of research
methodology data and findings are also ensured through this regulation, especially in
the case of Australia. Another important aspect offered by this code is honesty in the
development undertaking and. Through the fairness framework of the code, the hard
work of the true researcher gets recognitions irrespective of the diversity in the region
and ethnicity and race19.
4. While communicating the policies envisages in the code to staff or consumers, one
must be taken into account the following;
 Support and uphold good governance and administration practice to perform
responsible research.
 Identify and follow the relevant laws, directives, rules, and policies related to
the conduct of research.
 Develop and uphold the currency and accessibility of suitable policies and
procedures which guarantees that the institutional performances are consistent
with the principles and responsibilities envisaged in the code.
19 McKenna L, Gray R. The importance of ethics in research publications. Collegian. 2018 Apr 1;25(2):pp:147-
8.

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 Provide requisite training and education which promotes and maintains the
responsible research manners for the researchers.
5. The Two ways I will ensure my behavior contributes to an ethical workplace and
ensures the policy guidelines are:
 Supporting a tradition of dependable research demeanor at the research institution and
also in their field of research.
 Offer adequate leadership and direction regarding rational research conduct to the
other researchers or junior researchers or trainees. Furthermore, ensure fairness of
research in order to maintain the quality of the research work.
6. Firstly, I would ask my supervisors to give me constant feedback about my research
technique as well as behavior.
Secondly, while giving training or aid to other researches I will ask them to share their
views about my techniques.
Thirdly, to check the implication of the policy as a whole in my institution as well as
the other one, I will ensure proper compliance for checking the applicability of the
guidelines as a whole.
UNIT NAME/NO: PSPGEN029 Value diversity
1. Age Discrimination Act 2004, Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986,
Disability Discrimination Act 1992.
2. Anti-Discrimination Act 1977, Multicultural NSW Act, 2000
3. Age Discrimination Act 2004, Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986,
Disability Discrimination Act 1992.
4. The notion of diversity is generally based on personality acceptance and respect. It is,
therefore, is perceptive that individuals are exclusive and unlike. Diversity comprises
of race, gender, sexual concentration, traditions, social and economic status, culture,

16PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
age, physical competency, and religious, political and other beliefs. Diversity is of a
different kind, such as Diversity of birthplace, Diversity of religion, Diversity of
language, and spiritual beliefs, educational level, life experience, work experience,
socio-economic background.
5. Four aspects of Cultural Diversity are differences in skills, the difference in values,
differences in personality attributes and differences in attitude.
6. Direct discrimination elaborates on the treatment that is evidently unfair and unequal.
For example, if an employer rejects and not hire a person irrespective of having
requisite qualification, merely because she is a woman, can be said to be direct sex
discrimination. On the other hand, Indirect discrimination refers to that situation
where there is a basic requirement that is referred to like the same for everyone but
has a consequence or result which can be referred to as unfair to a particular
community or group. For example, in case of determining payment for an employee
not taking into consideration his or her overseas skills and training which definitely
reflects her level of payment, establishes the fact of indirect race discrimination.
7. Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) is an idea for ensuring the necessary
requirements to provide all employees with equal access to the opportunities that are
accessible at the workplace.
8. Workplace diversity is necessary for every office and each office should take steps to
implement the benefits of workplace diversity discussed below,
Variety of opinion: If people belong from different cultural backgrounds, their
different ideas will definitely act as a factor of speedy growth for the workplace by
ensuring different ideas that will come from the different employees of different
countries, nationalities, and cultures.

17PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
Increased creativity: The different regional and cultural minds of diversified
employees will bring different unique ideas. That will simultaneously help in creating
a more creative environment in the workplace.
Increase brand reputation: This diversified environment of a workplace and unique
ideas provided by various employees will ensure in promoting the good brand value
of the office about the ideas they nurture about diversity inside the workplace.
9. The principles of multiculturalism are,
Involve with every section of society and break down limitations of participation
Facilitate equal right to use of services and programs
Develop social and economic strength through cultural diversity.
10. Firstly, I will use language that is inclusive, that is the language which will be
communicative enough to address any issue or something related to the workplace.
Secondly, I will try to make work more skill-specific rather than being language-
specific. This is mostly because in such a case the person facing difficulties will not
have to communicate much with the other and therefore, he or she will not feel
uncomfortable regarding the same. In case, it is necessary to communicate, I will try
to give the person a comfortable environment to share his or her thoughts so that he
can overcome his difficulties with immense confidence20.
11. Firstly, provide opportunities for staff to develop their language skills, this further
includes comforting the staff while he or she communicates in the office with his or
her native language so that they do feel hesitant to communicate in the same.
Secondly, in case they belong from a different country and unable to understand the
particular issue in the office which is influenced by the locality of such workplace, it
20 Davis PJ, Frolova Y, Callahan W. Workplace diversity management in Australia. Equality, Diversity, and
Inclusion: An International Journal. 2016 Mar 14

18PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
is necessary to ensure communication from the office’s part so that the person can
also be a part of the same21.
ASSESSMENT EVENT 2: Performance
Workplace Report
UNIT NAME/NO: PSPGEN042 Exercise delegations
1. Delegation generally means the passing of power to another person by giving
requisite authority. In the case of the workplace, delegation means passing off
work to another person by the person who was in the original charge of the
delegated power. However, to ensure a successful delegation the delegator must
ensure that whether the person upon whom he is passing over the work has
requisite capabilities for the successful completion of such work. However,
another thing that needs to be considered is that, how much time it will take for
completion of such work after delegation as the delegation of work usually made
to ensure the faster work22.
2. The delegation of work can be applicable to a workplace after ensuring various
things regarding the work in issue. The first important factor is to choose a person
capable of doing the work. Another is to check and make it confirm whether
performing such delegated tasks will hamper his or her y already assigned task or
not. The next thing that needs to be check is whether the person posses requisite
skill for the completion of the task. A person performing any task is bound to
21 Guillaume YR, Dawson JF, Otaye‐Ebede L, Woods SA, West MA. Harnessing demographic differences in
organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2017
Feb;38(2):pp:276-303.
22 Bilanakos C, Heywood JS, Sessions JG, Theodoropoulos N. Does Delegation Increase Worker Training?.
Economic Inquiry. 2018 Apr;56(2):pp:1089-115.

19PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
report to the person delegating the work about the progress of such work.
Therefore, it is further necessary to ensure the independence of the person before
assigning him any task.
3. However, there exists a risk as well in case of delegation of work. This is because,
the person doing the work and person delegating the work had a fiduciary
relationship that exists between them, which makes both of them liable in case of
failure of work. Furthermore, if the person accidentally fails to appear in the office
during the stipulated time when he was supposed to complete the work, the
delegator have to perform the task on his own or have to find out another
replacement of such person for delegating the work, which automatically increase
the chance of missing deadline especially in case of tight schedule23.
ASSESSMENT EVENT 2: Workplace Scenario
UNIT NAME/NO.: PSPPCY004 Support Policy Implementation &
PSPETH001 Uphold the values and principles of public service
1. Bob is facing the ethical dilemma of committing the unethical act of improper use of
the filing cabinet & desk given by his supervisor to give to the salvation army.
2. Bob is planning to perform such unethical task of secretly keeping the filing cabinet
& desk given by his supervisor for the Salvation Army mainly on the following
23 Akinola M, Martin AE, Phillips KW. To delegate or not to delegate: Gender differences in affective
associations and behavioral responses to the delegation. Academy of management journal. 2018
Aug;61(4):pp:1467-91.

20PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
factors, Firstly, the supervisor or not other person keep any record for such
distribution, secondly, there are other things given by the supervisor to Bob for the
distribution to the Salvation Army. Therefore, he might have a thought that the
absence of one thing will not destroy the whole purpose. Thirdly, his need for the
same forcing him to get involved in such an unethical act24.
3. Bob's supervisor: It will affect him mentally as well as it will be hard for him to trust
bob again regarding anything, as his sole purpose of charity is hampered due to such
unethical acts of Bob.
Council- Council will not be affected as there is no record and it was for charity
purposes.
Salvation Army- Might get affected if Bob's supervisor informed them about the item
he is sending. Then they will be at a partial loss regarding the same.
4. The NSW Ombudsman ensures the failure of the corruption council to deal with any
corruption case. Bob’s act is definitely unethical and corrupted25. Therefore, Bob is
liable for a penalty for breach of ethical conduct26.
5. The ICAC was bound to protect corruption cases. Therefore, even if there was no
record for such kinds of stuff given for charity, it is a case of corruption27. Therefore,
the Council was entitled to have a check on the same as elaborated by the NSW
Ombudsman. Therefore, Bob’s actions need to be recorded by the ICAC28.
24 Edmondson DR, Matthews LM, Ward CB, Matthews RL. Exploring Gender and Marital Status Differences
among Boundary Spanners: A Possible Ethical Dilemma. Journal of Managerial Issues. 2019 Oct
1;31(3):pp:273-24.
25 Ombudsman NS. Abuse and neglect of vulnerable adults in NSW–The need for action. A special report to
Parliament under the section. 2018;pp:31.
26 Anderson M, Anderson SL. Geth: A general ethical dilemma analyzer. Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral
Robotics. 2018 Nov 1;9(1):pp:337-57.
27 Ombudsman NS. NSW Ombudsman inquiry into the operation of the JIRT Program. Sydney: New South
Wales Ombudsman. 2017.
28

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6. Precautionary measures I would have taken are, keep a record about the kinds of stuff
before handing it to Bob, send a list of things to the council as well as Salvation
Army.
ASSESSMENT EVENT 2: Workplace Scenario / Report
UNIT NAME/NO: PSPGEN029 Value diversity
Background:
An employee of the council during his lunchtime heard that few of the colleagues
were talking to each other and suddenly passed a racial comment to women that they are
weak, uneducated and dominated by their husbands.
Present Situation:
The employee went to the supervisor and informed him about the same. He further
informed that previously also, these groups have passed racist comments about sporting
teams in his presence. The supervisor asked the employee to consider this as a casual
scenario and asked him not to make stories about the same and mind his own business.
Responses:
According to the provisions of the Anti-discrimination Act, 1977, any kind of discrimination
merely based on the ground of sex of a person is definitely regarded as direct discrimination
and therefore subject to punishment29. These further breaches the provision of the Australian
29 Miller B, Hyde R. Prospective employers must jump disability hurdles. Ethos: Official Publication of the Law
Society of the Australian Capital Territory. 2017 Dec pp:(246):34.

22PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
Constitution 1901 promoting the non-discriminatory policies based on sex. Therefore, the
group definitely has violated provisions of the Act30.
If I was there, I would have definitely try to make them understand about the wrong
they did by passing such comments and further complaint about the same to the authority.
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24PSPGEN043 GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
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