Advanced Technician Diploma in Civil Engineering PDF

UNIT : Unit 526 Measurement Costing and
Contracts for Civil Engineers (2021)
TASK : Task 01
CANDIDATE NAME : Mr Kasun Jayasingha
ENR NO : 509251
STUDENT ID : 509251
BATCH NO : 908
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 10/10/2021
Level 5
Advanced Technician Diploma
in Civil Engineering
9208-13

1.1 The standard method of measurement civil engineering
The Civil Engineering Work Measurement System - CESMM - has been well established for over 20
years as the standard for formulating size bills in civil engineering work. This coveted fourth edition,
CESMM4, adapts to changes in industrial use and extends its use to all new areas.
Measurement of civil Engineering work
The civil Work measurement eferred to a Document called “civil Engineering Standard method of
measurement (CESMM).
Before this document is produced the party who responsible for the working measurement refers to
the method adopted in the United Kingdom named ‘CESMM 2nd edition or 3rd Edition
There are large party of the measurement refer to methods used in Building works or more
Unfortunate they use their own measurement system. This led to inconsistencies in measurement
procedures. As a result, Contractor have Dassault to appreciate the tender.
The actual measurement work must take into account the level of complexity of work is also closely
related to the methodology and construction activities.
1.1.1 Procedures and practices of CESMM
Include the Scope of most project management Such as:
• Selection Types of of Contracts
• Documentation
• Preparation of drawings
• Specification
• Project information
• Contract terms and list of Quantities
• Preparation of list of material Requirement / Quantities,
• Method Statement – Detailed list of Detailed construction work with Short explanation with
Quantity measured by CESMM
• Explanation on the scope of work that will be implemented by the Contractor and then be the
basic for pricing the tender
1.1.2 Propose of CESMM The main purpose of the measurement basic on CESMM is for Coordinating and planning of the
Quantity list, to list the details of work to ensure Consistency and Systematic and to State the new
techniques of Construction Clearly
1.1.3 Measurement Procedures
• In any measurement there are a number of essential Factors that Should always be Considered
and applied to follow good established practice as follows: -
Examine the drawing carefully to become familiar with the work and to identify any parts
where information is lacking.
• Interred carefully and apply in a Sound and logical way of provisions in standard method of
measurement of Building works (SMM).
• Ensure a Hight Standard of accuracy in dimensions.
• Make full use of sub- Heading throughout the dimensions to facilitate identification and waste
to preliminary calculations, Explanatory notes and location description.
• All descriptions should be adequate, concise and written in a logical easily understood format
following the Sequence adopted in SMM
• Adopt a logical Sequence of item so that each one following the preceding one in natural
progression.
• See to achieve a good standard of presentation

1.2 Definitions of contractual arrangements
Contractual arrangements are written mutual agreements, enforceable by law, between two or more
parties that something shall be done by one or both. There are two major classes of contract which
governments use in the management and administration of public forest lands. The first types of
contract are resource utilization contracts. In various countries they are called forest tenure
arrangements, forest concessions, forest management agreements, etc. They involve governments
granting harvesting or use rights to parties to utilize or exploit forest resources for timber, other forest
products, gathering of non-timber forest products, or use of the forest for other purposes such as
hunting, watershed use, recreation or ecotourism. Resource utilization contracts govern the rights of
owners, users and others over forest land, timber and/or other assets by defining the way forests are
held and utilized. They define the rights, duties and responsibilities of the two parties to the contract:
the owners of the resource (the government in the case of public forest lands) and the user, the
contractor. The rights, duties and responsibilities can vary widely under different forms of contract.
For example, timber concessions can provide long-term rights to the current forest, rights to other
forest land uses, and rights to the next harvest. A fuelwood contract may only provide rights to gather
firewood for one year.
The second types of contract are procurement contracts, or goods and services contracts. In these
contracts, governments enter into agreements with other parties to provide goods or services for the
management and administration of public forests; for example, for forest inventories, forest
management activities, forest certification, tree planting, fire protection, etc.
Often forest contractual arrangements can involve both types of contract, granting the party harvesting
or use rights - but also requiring them to undertake forest management activities - reforestation,
environmental protection, etc. The type of forest management agreements found in many countries are
of this nature, granting harvesting rights but requiring forest management.
The following are the various types of contracts, for execution of civil engineering works:
1. Lump Sum or Fixed Price Contract
2. Measurement contract
3. cost reimbursement
4. Design and Build
1. Lump Sum or Fixed Price Contract
Under a Lump Sum or Fixed Price Contract, the contractor agrees to perform the work specified and
described in the contract for a fixed price. The price of a fixed contract can only be changed upon the
execution of a change order, under which the owner and the contractor either
Agree for the contractor to perform additional work that falls outside the scope of the original work
for an agreed upon extra compensation or
Agree to remove certain work from the original scope of work and reduce the price of the contract in
proportion to the work that the contractor no longer has to perform.
These types of contracts are appropriate when a clear scope and a defined schedule have been
reviewed and agreed upon.

Advantages:
1. Lower financial risk to Employer.
2. Higher financial risk to Contractor.
3. Minimum Owner supervision related to quality and schedule.
4. Contractor has higher incentive to achieve earlier completion and better performance.
5. Contractor selection is relatively easy.
Disadvantages:
1. Changes difficult and costly. (but it usually is)
2. Need to substantially complete design prior to bidding.
3. Contractor inclined to choose lowest methods / materials to comply with specification.
4. Hard to build relationship. Each project is unique.
5. Bidding expensive and lengthy.
6. Contractors may include high contingency within each Schedule of Rate item
2. Measurement contract
Measurement contracts (sometimes called “re-measurement” or ‘measure and value’ contracts)
contains a Bill of Quantities ( BOQ ) provided by the employer or its consultants, can be used in
situations where the design (or type of works) can be described in reasonable detail, but the amount
cannot. The contractor will quote against each BOQ item and enter a unit rate or unit price to build up
the total contract price on basis of those BOQ quantities. During the construction period, the actual
quantity of works executed under each BOQ item will be jointly measured and valued at the quoted
rate for interim payment purpose.
A measurement contract might also be appropriate on projects where the design has not been
completed in sufficient detail for bills of quantities to be produced.
It should be possible to describe the works in sufficient detail to determine a programme and to obtain
rates from tenderers. Generally tenderers rates will be based on drawings and approximate quantities.
The actual contract sum (sometimes called the ‘ascertained final sum’) cannot be determined when
the contract is entered into, but is calculated on completion, based on “re-measurement” of the actual
work carried out and the rates tendered.
Measurement contracts can allow an early start on site, before design is complete, and they can allow
changes to be made to the works relatively easily. However, there is inevitably some risk for
the client as the cost of the works is not known. In effect, the client is taking the risk for any
‘unknowns’, and whilst this can result in competitive prices from contractors, the level of uncertainty
for the client means that measurement contracts are rare other than on civil engineering projects.
03.cost reimbursement
A cost reimbursement contract is an agreement between parties in a construction project that
guarantees the owner reimburses the contractor for costs incurred while they work on the project.
Reimbursement, however, is not unlimited. There is a ceiling.
The contractor is not paid solely for the costs, but is also guaranteed an additional payment. This
additional payment will be the contractor’s profit. The contract will still include an estimate for the
total cost of the project.Unlike a fixed-price contract where the overall price for the project is agreed
on before the work starts and the price is final (and thus, the risk lies mostly with the contractor,) the
cost reimbursement contract places risk more squarely on the project owner. That doesn’t mean there
aren’t other risks, such as scope creep, where requirements are unclear
04.Design-build