Effectiveness of Levothyroxine and Potassium Iodide in Treating Hypothyroidism in Young Adults in the UK

This report evaluates the effectiveness of Levothyroxine and Potassium Iodide in treating hypothyroidism in young adults aged 25 to 40 in the UK. The report reviews six articles and uses the PICO framework to analyze the therapeutic effect and drug intrinsic mechanism. Findings suggest that Levothyroxine is more effective due to its mechanical behavior and lipid-solubility. The report also discusses the health impact and key risk factors associated with hypothyroidism, as well as international policies, medication, surgery, and herbal remedies.

"Is the levothyroxine more effective than potassium
iodide in the treatment of hypothyroidism in young
adults 25 to 40 in the UK"

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................5
Important concept of public health topic................................................................................5
Health impact or effect of public health topic........................................................................6
Key international policy.........................................................................................................7
Medication..............................................................................................................................7
Surgery...................................................................................................................................7
Herbal remedies......................................................................................................................7
Key risk factor or Preventive factor.......................................................................................7
CHAPTER TWO...........................................................................................................................13
LITERATURE REVIEW METHODLOGY.................................................................................13
Importance of evidence informed public health...................................................................13
PICO framework..................................................................................................................13
Keywords..............................................................................................................................14
Database used.......................................................................................................................14
Search strategy......................................................................................................................15
Inclusion and exclusion criteria............................................................................................15
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF IDENTIFIED STUDIES...............................................................16
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION...............................................................................25
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................29
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................30
Books and Journals...............................................................................................................30

ABSTRACT
Aim
The report's main aim is to evaluate and examine the effectiveness of Levothyroxine and
potassium iodide among young adults to treat hypothyroidism.
Method
The method used within the report is to review the six articles based on the analysis of
levothyroxine and potassium iodide. The procedure is primary and usually focuses on various
aspects, including an article literature review. The review of different articles is used to choose
that help provides the information and knowledge regarding therapeutic effect and drug intrinsic
mechanism.
Finding
The finding of the studies is used to state the effectiveness of a drug that young adults
induce for hypothyroidism treatment. Levothyroxine is more effective than potassium iodide
because Levothyroxine is a range of mechanisms showing appropriate intrinsic healing when
they are taken for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Therefore, potassium iodide is also beneficial
for the treatment of hypothyroidism. Still, they are showing side effects and drug-drug and drug-
food interaction, which may affect the action potential of the drug.
Conclusion
As per the discussion, Levothyroxine is more effective due to its mechanical behavior,
allowing the drug to enter the blood-brain barrier. The drug is also lipid-soluble, which helps
place a better rising action potential when entering the body. Levothyroxine has high self-life
and therapeutic life within the body, which is counted up to 1/t, showing the higher circle of life
that is 6 hours and more. The dosing frequency also contributes to the study, which helps to
enhance the therapeutic hours within the body.

INTRODUCTION
Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland does not produce enough of the particular crucial
hormone. In addition, hypothyroidism may not cause noticeable symptoms during their early
stage and phases. Therefore, the study is also conducted on the various aspects that provide some
of the signs related to the public health topic (Alfadda and et. al., 2018). Hypothyroidism can
contribute to high cholesterol. There are several untreated hypothyroidism that may lead to
myxedema coma, the extreme form of hypothyroidism in which the body functions that is slow
to the life-threatening point. In addition, myxedema coma requires immediate medical treatment.
While taking the contrast of pathophysiology of hypothyroidism that is caused by the permanent
loss or atrophy of functional thyroid tissue that is primary hypothyroidism, insufficient
stimulation of the normal thyroid gland as it helps to show the result with the aspect of
hypothalamic or the pituitary disease that is also known as secondary hypothyroidism that is
accompanied by the compensatory thyroid gland which is based on enlargement (Avşar, Çağan,
Bakay and Kolkiran, 2021). In this report, potassium iodide is the oral anti-thyroid agent used to
prevent the radioactive iodine uptake into the thyroid gland during nuclear radiation in terms of
emergency. The potassium iodide may be helpful in order to other anti-thyroid agents in the
duration of treatment of the thyrotoxicosis and the preoperatively to induce thyroid involution.
The literature review question focuses on the effects of levothyroxine and potassium iodide for
treating hypothyroidism among young people. Hypothyroidism is a public health topic due to the
rising prevalence, and several people are using the issue of hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine has
been prescribed medication for hypothyroidism among young people. In addition, Levothyroxine
is more effective than potassium iodide due to its more effective mechanism than potassium
iodide (Byrne and et. al., 2018).
While taking the contrast of Levothyroxine, the mechanical property provided the context
that is reliable with the treatment of hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone is essential for normal
development, differentiation, and metabolic balance. In addition, the thyroid hormone action is
usually mediated by the multiple thyroid hormone receptor isoform derived from the two distinct
genes. The thyroid hormone usually belongs with the nuclear receptor superfamily that also
includes receptors for the other small hormone that is lipophilic in terms of the hormone. Thyroid
hormone receptor towards the functions by the binding to specific towards the thyroid hormone-
responsive sequence in the time of promotor of the target gene and by regulating transcription.

Therefore, the thyroid hormone receptor often forms heterodimers with the retinoid x receptor. It
is more productive in terms of mechanism while contrasting with potassium iodide. The target
receptor of Levothyroxine primarily focuses on the treatment of young adults with the sequence
factor of T3 and T4 (Deng and et. al., 2018).

BACKGROUND
An essential concept of public health topic
This medication is also known as an expectorant. While taking the contrast of potassium
iodide, it is usually used to loosen and break up mucus in the airways. It also helps to provide
airways appropriate for the long-term lung issues that may be associated with the patient, which
majorly include asthma, chronic bronchitis, and many more. Moreover, potassium iodide is also
used along with anti-thyroid medicine to prepare the thyroid gland for surgical removal or to
treat overactive thyroid conditions and protect the thyroid in a radiation exposure emergency
(Halim, Girsang and Nasution, 2022). Usually, the medication is taken by oral administration
with a glass of water that includes 8 pounds or 250 ml which the World health organization
directs to take the medication adequately. Whereas it takes after a meal or with food and drinks
some of the water to make the medication more effective, if any individual is taking the tablet
with the oral administration, then they must pay attention that they do not lie down for at least 10
minutes after taking this medication. Public health and safety officials also recommend that the
potassium iodide is usually prevented when the stomach upset is analyzed (Hamblin and
Abrahamse, 2018).
Suppose the solution turns brownish-yellow because it is toxic and poisonous and creates
various complexities with the individual. As per this, the liquid form of this product or potassium
iodide solution is usually mixed with the water, milk, or juice before taking do not use the
medication. The side effects of potassium iodide may consist of the stomach or gastrointestinal
upset and many more. While taking the contrast of young children, the FDA used to recommend
that is based on the young which is between the age group of 18 and 40 years which is internally
contaminated with the more likely which help to be internally contaminated with the radioactive
iodine take the recommended dose of the potassium iodide. Moreover, the young adults based on
less sensitive are based on the effects that include radioactive iodine when taking the comparison
with children. The literature review has been taken based on the different forms, including
PubMed and research, followed by the second aspect to collect the peer-reviewed data and data
gathered from an additional source such as articles and Journals. Moreover, the research has been
undertaken with the search factor, which helps provide reliable data based on a question that is

Levothyroxine is more effective than potassium iodide in the treatment of hypothyroidism
(Potassium Iodide (KI), 2020).
They used to focus on the activity of the drug and elucidate the critical aspect of the
medicine that includes mechanism and mode of action related to the drug activity. In addition to
this, various factors are associated with drug metabolism, which is related to the treatment of
hypothyroidism. Moreover, it is also defined as the drug that is usually administered to the body
with different routes of administration which may include oral administration, intravenous
administration, and many more. In addition to this, it is also evaluated that it shows various
aspects of side effects that focus on the multiple parts of the body, which is collected with the
aspect of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties (Hayashi and et. al., 2020).
Health impact or effect of public health topic
The associated condition with this situation is known as goiter. The health impact that
occurs due to untreated hypothyroidism can create the issue with the number of health problems,
including goiter, which indicates that the constant stimulation is associated with thyroid to
release more hormone, which may cause the gland to become larger earlier. Moreover, although
they are usually comfortable, a large goiter can affect the appearance and may interfere with the
swallowing or the situation of breathing. Furthermore, the heart issue and problem are also
associated with an enhanced risk of heart disease and heart failure, which may create the point of
failure primarily because of a high level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, also known as
bad cholesterol. It is usually occurring in people with an underactive thyroid. The mental health
issue refers to depression that may occur early in hypothyroidism and may become more severe
over time. Hypothyroidism can also show various causes that ensure cognitive functioning
(Hong, Noh and Kim, 2018). As per this, long-term, uncontrolled hypothyroidism can cause that
damage to peripheral nerves. These are the nerve that usually controls the information based on
the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body. In this, the arms and the legs. Peripheral
neuropathy may cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the affected areas. In addition to this,
there are other complications or impacts associated with Myxoedema, infertility, and congenital
disabilities. Moreover, the effect is worse when the aspect of hypothyroidism is being analyzed
for a more extended period (Khadom and Farhan, 2018).

Key international policy
The critical international policy related to hypothyroidism includes 2019 the European
Thyroid Association Guidelines on the management of thyroid dysfunction following immune
dysfunction reconstitution therapy. Therefore, it acts as a critical international policy for
hypothyroidism.
Medication
The standard treatment, based on hypothyroidism, involves the daily use of synthetic thyroid
hormone levothyroxine (Levo-T, Synthroid, other). It is also major that the oral medication used
to restore adequate hormone levels may be helpful to reverse the sign and symptoms of
hypothyroidism (Khan, 2019)(Köhrle, 2019).
Surgery
The surgery used within Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of all parts of the thyroid
gland. In addition to this, the thyroid is analyzed that the butterfly-shaped gland is located at the
neck's base. It produces that help controls every aspect of the Metabolism, which is arrested
based on the burn rate.
Herbal remedies
The natural remedies based on the regular diet reduce stress and contain the productive
nutrient selenium based on trace elements that help to play a part in thyroid hormone
metabolism. There are many foods, including selenium, Tuna, Turkey, and many more. The
sugar-free diet is usually enhancing inflammation in the body (Kumari and Chandra Saha, 2018).
Key risk factor or Preventive factor
Subclinical thyroid disease is usually defined as a biochemically by an abnormal thyrotropin
TSH level and normal serum free thyroxine level. The prevalence of the situation is generally
varied according to the references range for the TSH and geographic or demographic factors.
Various studies are used to be conducted on the community-based. Still, there is no exact
prevention for the subclinical thyroid disease; usually, the prevalence and risk factor of
subclinical thyroid disease focusing on subclinical hypothyroidism is an expenditure to explain
and elaborate the aspect of subclinical thyroid disease, but there is no actual prevention.

Figure 1 Fact of hypothyroidism
In this figure, it is used to explain about some of the facts which are related to
hypothyroidism is about prevention and symptoms
Figure 2 Reduce the risk of thyroid disease
This diagram is used to explain the ways that are essential to reduce the issue of thyroid
disease.

Figure 3 Risk factor of hypothyroidism
In this figure, the discussion is held upon some of the risk factors which may enhance and
arise due to hypothyroidism.

People's perception of hypothyroidism shows that they feel tired, sluggish, and depressed. In
some cases, people usually think that the patient with hypothyroidism has limited life and can
live as long as ordinary people live. However, various strategies and interventions are introduced
to reduce the complication. Therefore, the British thyroid foundation promotes multiple
guidelines and lines of drugs used within the patient to control their thyroid disease, which may
be hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In addition, the awareness campaign and e talk are held
to create a preventive factor for minimizing cases associated with hypothyroidism. In addition,
the thyroid program and intervention are used to explore within the selected targeted group
which may understand the consequence and health promotion campaign became more
successful. The target population which is associated with the study is young people (Leusch and
et. al., 2018).

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW METHODOLOGY
Importance of evidence-informed public health
The importance of public health is associated with working within the community level that
helps promote healthy living that helps prevent chronic disease. The use of research is based on
the evidence to underpin the public health policy that is strongly encouraged. However, the
implementation has not been identified as straightforward. It is helpful to provide the data
elucidated in a different manner best suited to the research topic as public health in
hypothyroidism. Moreover, the primary objective of the systematic review is essential to extract
the data in the appropriate manner that help to synthesize the empirical evidence based on the
research evidence by public health decision-makers in the setting with the universal healthcare
systems (Nafisa and et. al., 2021).
PICO framework
P (Population): The number of adults who are within the age of 25 to 40 faces the issue of
hypothyroidism. The condition shows the rising aspect and level within the hypothyroidism that
is critical and serious.
I (Intervention): The intervention used to focus on the different pharmacological and non-
pharmacological interventions, which help to provide the medication, drug therapies, and
regimen in such a way that is helpful to reduce the complication associated with hypothyroidism.
C (Comparison): The other management is also applicable to reduce hypothyroidism
complications and consequences. Moreover, self-management includes lifestyle changes and
others which may help adults minimize the difficulty (Nettore, Colao and Macchia, 2018).
O (Outcome): In this, due to intervention and alternative intervention, the reduction in the cases
of hypothyroidism promotes quality of life and quality and care to the adults facing the issue.

Keywords
Population Intervention Comparison Outcome
 The impact
of
hypothyroidis
m among
young adults.
 The effect of
Levothyroxin
e among
young adults.
 The effect of
potassium
iodide among
young adults.
 Mechanism of
action of
Levothyroxine.
 Mechanism of
action of
potassium
iodide.
 Comparison of
Levothyroxine
to potassium
iodide.
 The drug of
choice for
hypothyroidis
m.
 Therapeutic
impact of
drugs for
hypothyroidis
m among
young adults.
 Improved the
situation of
hypothyroidis
m among
young people.
 Function and
regulation of
thyroid
hormone are
appropriate.
Database used
PubMed: PubMed is defined as the database which is helpful to adopt and gather the information
that has played relevant evidence in the selected and chosen topic. In this, PubMed is suitable for
the research in the scientific manner, which follows the different concepts and aspects with their
wide range of articles and journals available in the database. The millions of articles show their
presence in PubMed, which provides information on a different topic (Patel, Anthonappa and
King, 2019).
EMBASE: The EMBASE usually provides data and information associated with the selected
topic related to hypothyroidism, treated with levothyroxine and potassium iodide. The study
focuses on the different aspects that show the effectiveness of Levothyroxine and potassium
iodide. The study helps determine which one is more effective in treating hypothyroidism,
Levothyroxine, or potassium iodide.
Cochrane Library: The Cochrane library is defined as the collection based on the database based
on medicine and the others related to the healthcare specialties that Cochrane and the other

organization deliver. With the help of the Cochrane library, the vast database is used to analyze
and help to provide the information which is related to hypothyroidism. Moreover, the essential
core and the collection of Cochrane review and the meta-analysis used to provide the knowledge
and summarise and interpret medical research (Paul-Friedman and et. al., 2019).
Overall, the database is used in such a way because the search factor is responsible for
collecting data that play a relevant role in the associated topic. In addition, the database has a
wide range of articles and journals, which is helpful to create more information and data related
to the term of the topic. Moreover, the database has a specified role based on the different
aspects, including search sources. These databases have a wide range of articles that contain
information related to the study.
Search strategy
The appropriate search strategy is derived for the data selection and collection within the
research process. The search strategy is initially taken with the help of identified and relevant
sources, such as websites, books, and journals. The peer-reviewed article is also undertaken
within the research process for the data collection that shows the part of the search strategy.
Moreover, the authentic and reliable search process as a source is identified, which is reliable
and validated to provide the information. Some of the articles are well articulated to give the
generalsibility towards the chosen topic, which is configured within the research. The major
search strategies are relevant to gather the information from the PubMed, Springerlink, Science
direct, and many more. Initially, data or information is used to select, and the review is being
taken for the analysis (Pitzalis and et. al., 2018).
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
A randomized control trial is not required.
English is mandatory
Adults people with the age of 25 and 40 years
of age.
The outcome is reversible
RCT is required.
Secondary language is not required.
Children with the age of 10 to 16 years.
The outcome is prolonged.
Critical appraisal: The associated research is used to show the evidence that is reliable and
efficient. In addition to this, the critical review is used to increase the healthcare professional

skill, which helps determine the research evidence true free of bias and relevant to the patient.
Therefore, the three main strengths of the research study are helping to design. The effectiveness
of public health and the health promotion intervention. The randomized control contrail is being
taken with every intervention, which is usually followed for hypothyroidism (Rukh and et. al.,
2022).
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF IDENTIFIED STUDIES
Article 1
Title: Guidelines for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Prepared by the American Thyroid
Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement
Online: Guidelines for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: Prepared by the American Thyroid
Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement, 2014 [Online] Available through:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4267409/
Summarisation: The main research article associated with PubMed is based on levothyroxine
therapy on young adults. The primary objective is to identify the impact of levothyroxine therapy
on hypothyroidism treatment. It is also approached to determine the effectiveness of
levothyroxine therapy on a patient with hypothyroidism. They also reviewed the clinical practice
guidelines for hypothyroidism within young adults. It provides information on the efficacy of
studying the goal of levothyroxine therapy. It helps to summarise that Levothyroxine can give
standard care for treating hypothyroidism (Seeger and et. al., 2020).
This study includes the randomized controlled trial and longitudinal before and after
repeated cross-sectional evaluation. It was on the worldwide within the year 2011 to 2013. It was
regarding relevance to the issue of hyperthyroidism within young adults. In this, an ethics review
was provided by a bioethicist. In this, questions were formatted, including the possible form of
clinical recommendation statement. Ethics review was provided in one or more task force
members and ethical clinical expertise. Research has been identified that thyroid physiology can
be conventional in levothyroxine therapy. The participant was the female recruited for the review
process, which includes understanding the research. In this, females are the participants involved
in the study that consists of the background characteristics that can lead to better effectiveness of
the Levothyroxine, which can provide better treatment for hyperthyroidism. Participants were
predominantly female and had a higher risk of getting hyperthyroidism. Findings include that it
is highly dependent on the health of to control group. It consists of the recruitment methods that

may elicit for the individual. There is a strength where the physician's system assesses each
clinical recommendation (Shi and et. al., 2018).
Aim Providing guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism
Kind of study was it The study is based on experimental and survey
Where and when was it done The study was conducted in the United States of America in
2014
Research approved the ethical committee team of research provides approval
after maintaining the privacy and confidentiality of
participants.
How the information is gathered With the help of a secondary method.
Participant involve The young people are used to taking into account the study.
Key finding The treatment with the help of medication, including
Levothyroxine, is discussed.
Strength and limitation The study's strength is to explore the range of intervention
that is admitted in the case of hypothyroidism.
Value of research in future and
recommendation.
It helps to provide information related to the guideline based
on the treatment of hypothyroidism.
Article 2
Title: To Treat or Not to Treat Subclinical Hypothyroidism, What Is the Evidence?
Online: To Treat or Not to Treat Subclinical Hypothyroidism, What Is the Evidence? 2020
[Online] Available through: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7022757/
Summarisation: The aim is usually helpful to show the review of the present data for initiating
the levothyroxine treatment. It includes the presenting data, which can help to get better
levothyroxine treatment can have created. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness
of the levothyroxine prescription during the last decade in most levothyroxine treatments. The
effects of treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism on quality of life, cognition, and CVD, there is
research that discusses treatment or not to treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism (Singh and
et. al., 2021).
It includes the cohort study, which refers to a type of longitudinal study which follows the
research participants overtime period. Its includes and follows participants for sharing the

common characteristics. In this, about 10-40 participants were compared within two
preparations, which include the more stable substitution dose that can help reduce the risk of
supraphysiological amounts. There is no evidence regarding the research ethics committee,
which authors can explicitly state about taking consent. Participants were selected based on
research purpose, which includes comparing two preparation, including medication and
treatment within the different medicine. Here, inclusion criteria were followed, allowing better
implementation of the data that requires the information more effectively. It was measured as the
primary, which also includes evidence. It also contains secondary data, which helps gather
compelling data for the response. Here, participants were based on the research requirements.
There were about 10-40 participants involved during the review of the subclinical
hypothyroidism treatment. There is a finding that depression and hypothyroid symptoms are
different entities. Here, the author wants to perform a similar study with the same TSH levels,
which shows no difference in weight (Thokada, Kandregula, and Mugada, 2018).
Aim It is usually focused on the treatment aspect of subclinical
hypothyroidism.
Kind of study was it The study is based on surveys and experimental.
Where and when was it done United kingdom, 2020
Research approved Conducting the committee approval by evaluation of a
process for research.
How the information is gathered The secondary method includes studying books, journals,
and many more.
Participant involve The participant is young adults and old age people within
the study.
Key finding Interpret the present, which shows the use of Levothyroxine
for treating hypothyroidism.
Strength and limitation They focus on the study of subclinical hypothyroidism
inappropriate way and lack information about the
mechanical property of the drug.
Value of research in future and
recommendation.
It helps to provide quality knowledge regard with
levothyroxine use on diseases.

Article 3
Title: Drugs that suppress TSH or cause central hypothyroidism.
Online: Drugs that suppress TSH or cause central hypothyroidism, 2010 [Online] Available
through: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2784889/
Summarisation: The main aim of the research is associated with thyroid function, which is
based on the different drugs. These drugs usually act at the thyroid level in the patients with
normal thyroid functions with the various levels of thyroid gland hormone absorption or the
Metabolism in the patients that used to require the exogenous Levothyroxine. Overall, there are
some small sets of medication, mainly from the different classes named the glucocorticoid
dopamine agonist, which is helpful to play an essential role in the development of quality of
work, which affects the thyroid function with the suppression mechanism. The article was
published in 2010 and is available in the PMC. The final edited from PubMed shows various
inclusion and exclusion criteria necessary for the reader to understand the scope of
hypothyroidism and drug effect, which neutralize the impact and overcome the issue directly
associated with hypothyroidism. The systematic literature review is the central aspect that the
article follows to acknowledge the study with several people. The value of the research is usually
based on the several elements observed within the composition that provides knowledge that
follow the circumstance of hypothyroidism and the effect of a drug that controls and prevents
hypothyroidism (Tirrò and et. al., 2019).
Aim The study is based on the drug that suppresses TSH and
causes the issue of central hypothyroidism.
Kind of study was it The study is based on an experimental laboratory method.
Where and when was it done The study was done in 2009 and published on the internet in
2010.
Research approved the ethical committee by properly evaluating privacy and
consideration of moral format.
How the information is gathered The information is usually gathered for the self
questionnaire and survey.
Participant involve Young people with hypothyroidism.
Key finding Understanding the critical concept of drug and their
mechanism in hypothyroidism treatment within the body.

Strength and limitation The strength is that the study is broad and has the proper
knowledge, and the limitation is that it is usually not studied
by non-medical students.
Value of research in future and
recommendation.
Provide information that is associated with the study of drug
mechanism and mode of action
Article 4
Title: Effects of levothyroxine therapy on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in
premenopausal women with thyroid cancer after Thyroidectomy
Online: Effects of levothyroxine therapy on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in
premenopausal women with thyroid cancer after Thyroidectomy, 2020 [Online] Available
through: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31681976/
Summarisation: While taking the aspect of the article, the long-term effect of Levothyroxine is
determined based on the impact related to the BMD and BMT with the women with
premenopausal with the several thyroid cancers which have been examined. It is defined as the
primary research where 65 participants are selected as premenopausal women chosen for the
study, which used to take LT4 therapy in one year. The 65 women as a participant are subjected
to help determine the levothyroxine treatment used to show the effect based on the turnover
marker and bone mineral density. The women within the age group of 32 to 45 years are
receiving the treatment for the hospital (Umaru, Badruddin, and Umaru, 2018).
With the help of primary data that show the collection based on primary research, it is
essential to collect the information. The research article shows the quantitative, quantitative data
analysis method chosen to provide the statistic. The analysis with the Chi-square test comparison
shows the Z score of the lumbar, FT3, FT4 and TSH calcium, vitamin D3, phosphorus, and the
alkaline phosphate, which is associated with the participant that is measured.
Aim The main is to study the effect of levothyroxine therapy in
bone mineral and bone turnover with thyroid cancer.
Kind of study was it The study is based on a descriptive manner but follows the
experimental extent.
Where and when was it done It will be published in 2020.
Research approved The research is approved through the ethical committee.

How the information is gathered The primary and secondary method is used within the
research article.
Participant involve Young adults with hypothyroidism.
Key finding To know the effect which is related to Levothyroxine in
thyroid cancer.
Strength and limitation Strength is based on the surgery regarding the new context
of thyroid, and weakness shows a lack of information.
Value of research in future and
recommendation.
Understand the concept and need of Thyroidectomy in
future aspects when anyone is facing such an issue.
Article 5
Title: Different Formulations of Levothyroxine for Treating Hypothyroidism: A Real-Life Study
Online: Different Formulations of Levothyroxine for Treating Hypothyroidism: A Real-Life
Study, 2020 [Online] Available through: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32184819/
Summarisation: The main aim of the research is to treat hypothyroid patients, which is used to
treat sodium Levothyroxine, known as the LT4. The tablet is the most used drug in the LT4
formulation and the fasting regimen, which absorb the active principle. The objective was
usually to help evaluate the performance of the non-solid LT4 formulation in a real-life scenario.
The methodology used contains some of the factors in which 121 consecutive cases were
included. The enrolled phase, which is associated with 52 percent of the patient, is used to take
the therapy, which is associated for the 30 min before the intake of breakfast that shows the
difference between a tablet and the SG/LS users. The TSH level is usually stable in the tablet
group, showing P=0.66. Moreover, the TSH was usually 1.65 mIU/L in the patient with the LT4
tablet. The re-evaluation phase is generally based on the patient using correct LT4 assumptions
(Vedal and et. al., 2018).
Aim To study the different formulation which is appropriate for
the treatment of hypothyroidism
Kind of study was it The study trials focus on the formulation of Levothyroxine
for hypothyroidism.
Where and when was it done Published in 2020.
Research approved The research article is usually approved as the surveillance

of the ethical committee.
How the information is gathered The primary and secondary method is used for the data
collection. In addition, the immediate process is taking into
the effective way for extraction of reliable data.
Participant involve Young people
Key finding The formulation of Levothyroxine does not show any
guarantee in the treatment of hypothyroidism.
Strength and limitation The study provides information related to the drug
formulation and the lack of experimental data.
Value of research in future and
recommendation.
Provide knowledge regards with the drug formulation based
on Levothyroxine.
Article 6
Title: Iodine in excess in the alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pattern as well as
histomorphometric changes in associated organs
Online: Iodine in excess in the alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pattern as well as
histomorphometric changes in associated organs, 2018 [Online] Available through:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30067510/
Summarisation: The study is usually focused on the exploring of different factors that are based
on the influence that is based on the excess iodine, which is based on the lipid metabolism, and
focus on the lipid metabolism and the carbohydrate with the histoarchitecture on the few organs
such as liver, kidney, pancreas, cardiac muscle and skeletal. The data is based on the preliminary
study, which is experimented with 12 rats taken to collect required research. In this, the statistical
analysis is used to focus on the different aspects which are helping to analyze the change in the
body, which is based on the rat before the treatment and after the treatment, which is associated
with the 30 days and the 60 days. The statistical analysis, the Microsoft excel 2007, and origin
eight software is used (Vizzotto and et. al., 2020).
Aim The study focuses on the behavior which explains that the
excess use of iodine may cause the issue of hypothyroidism.
So alteration of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic may cause
the problem in a change of associated organs.

Kind of study was it The study is experimental and based on different general
approaches.
Where and when was it done The article was published in 2018.
Research approved The ethical committee approves the research
How the information is gathered The data is collected or gathered from the secondary source
method.
Participant involve Young people and children
Key finding Understanding the prevention of excess use of iodine.
Strength and limitation The strength is that the study focuses on the basic concept
that creates an issue of hypothyroidism, and the limitation is
that they concentrate on alteration apart from the impact.
Value of research in future and
recommendation.
Provide a detailed account of the iodine intake.

DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION
As per the finding and discussion, the above six articles is well informed that generate
information regarding the drug that is levothyroxine and potassium iodide. These drugs are
usually used to treat hypothyroidism among young adults. In order to measure the effectiveness
of the drug in the treatment of hypothyroidism among young adults is by analyze the mechanism
of action, the mechanical property of the drug, rate of dissolution, shelf life cycle, and
therapeutic effect within the time. Both drugs are usally taken into the analysis that helps provide
brief information regarding their peak potential that shows effectiveness to treat the disease. The
study is well conducted to elucidate the information and data and help provide the cumulative
approach for the evaluation (Wang and et. al., 2021). Both drugs have their mechanism, and they
are usually showing the characteristics with their receptor that have a good effect on the body.
The agency is average, and both of the drugs configure them. Therefore, the drug used to show
the property in the treatment by attaching with the receptor and rise the action potnetial which is
functional to show the therapeutic efefct within the body. In addition, the measurement of
effectiveness depends on the period where the drug shows a longer therapeutic efefct within the
body before elimination (Yilmaz and et. al., 2020).
In addition, the study has been taken with the help of the above six articles within the
section of critical appraisal that used to produce the information that is reliable to measure the
effectiveness of drug within the bloodstream. Therefore, the cure has the efficiency to balance
the regulation of the thyroid gland and maintain effectiveness within the body. The levothyrxoine
is the drug of choice for the hypothyrosim that state the primary drug used to treat
hypothyrodism (Zhao and et. al., 2021). Whereas, the potassium iodide is also used in the
treatment of hypothyrdosim but they are seondary drug of choice that show their mechanism by
blocking the entry of radiocative iodine into the thyrod gland. With the comparison of both the
drug with the same crtiteria, the levothtyroxine is more effective than the potassium iodide
because of their mechanism of cation and show less side efefct and advserse effect in treatment
of hypothyrodism among the young people. In addition, Levothyroxine is also prescribed by
healthcare professionals compared with the potassium iodide for a patient dealing with
hypothyroidism. The suggested recommendation with the report based on the overall analysis of
artciles, the Levothyroxine is usually shwoing some of the side effects that must be reduec and

reduec the adverse recation which is configure due to the drug food interaction within the body
(Zhao and et. al., 2021).

CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, it is analyzed that Levothyroxine is more effective in treating
hypothyroidism than potassium iodide. In this, Levothyroxine plays a significant role in fulfilling
the body's requirement, which is associated with the lack of the thyroid gland. In contrast,
potassium iodide blocks radioactive iodine absorbed by the thyroid gland. Levothyroxine is a
more practical approach to the thyroid hormone by influencing the section while associating with
the receptor and secreting the effective active cell, which helps as a sending message to enhance
the thyroid hormone. Therefore, the proper use of Levothyroxine is usually regulated with the
help of a doctor and their guideline, which is followed under various circumstances to minimize
the effect of side effects and adverse drug reactions in the patient body.

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