Lewisham Health Profile

This study material provides a detailed analysis of the health profile of Lewisham, including demographic characteristics, deprivation, health status, and health indicators. It is suitable for courses related to health and community development.

LEWISHAM HEALTH PROFILE 1
Lewisham Health Profile
Course name
Student Name
Date

Lewisham Health Profile 2
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Need assessment......................................................................................................................................3
Health profile...............................................................................................................................................4
Health Monitoring and surveillance systems...........................................................................................4
Lewisham health profile..............................................................................................................................5
Health summary......................................................................................................................................5
Demographic...............................................................................................................................................5
Deprivation..................................................................................................................................................6
Deprivation table.....................................................................................................................................6
Deprivation chat......................................................................................................................................7
Health status................................................................................................................................................7
Life expectancy table...............................................................................................................................8
Life expectancy chat................................................................................................................................8
Health indicators on injuries and ill health..............................................................................................9
Health indicators on injuries and ill health chat.......................................................................................9
Health indicators on child health.............................................................................................................9
Health indicators on child health chat....................................................................................................10
Demographic characteristics..............................................................................................................10
Behavior risk factors mortality chat.......................................................................................................11
Health status on health protection..........................................................................................................11
Health status on health protection chats.................................................................................................12
Indicators on demographic characteristics.............................................................................................12
Health determinants chats......................................................................................................................13
Priority public health needs of the community..........................................................................................13
Vulnerable and disadvantaged groups.......................................................................................................15
Theories of health need..............................................................................................................................15
Population trends and transitions...............................................................................................................16
Community asset-based.............................................................................................................................17
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................17

Lewisham Health Profile 3
Introduction
In a population there major issues that are major concern for the ruling government and local
authorities’ need to solve and maintain effectiveness in the population. One of the key concerns
is on health issues; this concern of wellbeing of the population ensures that the population of a
given state or republic health is maintained to prevent consequences that may affect the economy
of the state. In this case I will focus on the health issue in Lewisham in England. I will focus on
the factors contributing to health issues for better understanding of the prevailing health issues in
the region.
To manage the national health in England, the local health provides health profile which I will
use to manage health of the England population. Through the provision of health profile, the
information provided in health profile will enhance the easy management of health issue in small
areas which affect the England population (Archer, & Colhoun2018, p.24). There are various
approaches I will use in the data collection which guide in the implementation and improvement
of health standards in England.
Need assessment
Need assessment is the approach to identify how much knowledge, ability or the interest a group
of people have about a given problem or topic of study (Sara 2018, p.1217). This is done to
identify the key issue affecting the society in order of implementing and improving the system
and standards of the prevailing needs in the society. Need assessment also enables will enable me
to understand what has been done and what has not been done in order to formulate a plan on
how to fill the gaps.

Lewisham Health Profile 4
Health profile
Community health profile on the other hand, is an important tool that I will use to provide the
information data about a given community (Yüksel 2018, p.300). The profile entails the
community characteristics, health status, quality of life, health risk factors and resources relevant
for most communities in a given areas of study. The health profile provides descriptive
information that I will use to set priorities and interpretation of health issues in given community
(Boden & Rees, 2010). The health profile and need assessment are both tools to identify health
issues affecting the society. I will use the health profile to address health issues affecting the
community in Lewisham. I will use the data provided to set priority on major health issue
affecting the community.
Health Monitoring and surveillance systems
To facilitate effective health systems in a given society health monitoring and surveillance is
done to ensure that there is continuity improvement of health standards (Terroba, Frövel, &
Atienza 2019, p.25). Health monitoring ensures that health problems in a society are identified
and solved. This includes diagnosis of health status, identification of health threats, and
assessment of health service’s needs. I will use Health monitoring to manage risks and risks
mitigations (Hui, Charlebois, & Sun 2018, p.55). To meet the expected health and accurate
results health surveillance is done on daily basis in community health care. This involves
collection of health data, data analysis and interpretation of findings. I will use The interpreted
for health planning and implementation and evaluation of health services in the society (
Michael, et al. 2018, p.1358).

Lewisham Health Profile 5
Lewisham health profile
According to Unitary authority health profile, the population of Lewisham has almost 300,000
total populations. Out of these, the number of old people aged 65 and above ranges between 8%
– 9 %, majority of the population are young people with the highest percentage of 52% while
children under 18 years range between 23%. The population has a sharp decrease with age which
is a strong indicator of deprivation of life expectancy in Lewisham (PHE 2019).
Health summary
The health of people in Lewisham varies with the average health the England population at 20%.
The total number of children living in deprived condition is 23% of the England children
population. These rates make it one of the most deprived districts in England. Life expectancy
for men is almost 6 years lower and 4 years lower for women. The rate of children health is
worse than the average of England. The rate of child obesity is at 23% compared to the England
children population. The rate of child mortality is high for as compared to the average child
population in England. The adult health accounts the highest number of count in the hospital as
compared to the average in England population. The health related to alcohol, self-harm and
sexual related problem are among the highest problem reported by the local authority (PHE
2019). There major health indicators in the Lwisham population as indicated by the health
profile.
Demographic
Lewishing has a total population of 292,000 people which is expected to rise with318000 in year
2021. A quarter of this population is under 19. The region has the highest number of mortality

Lewisham Health Profile 6
rate with over 27% above average of the total population in London. 46% of the population is
black and minority ethnic groups (John & Chinouya 2018, p.13).
The determinant of demographic is independent of the population practices which include
religion, language and economical practices. The majority of the populations are Christian with
the highest percentage of 52%. Followed by non-religious group with 26%, Muslims forms 6%
while other religions have less than 2%. The common language spoken by the majority is
English
Deprivation
Deprivation is the lack of or denial of basic necessity such as basic education, shelter, food,
health care among other needs considered as basic. Among all the 326 local authority, Lewishing
rank as 48th position of the most deprived region in England. It has the highest number of
children and young people ranking at 29% and older people at 25% of the economic deprivation.
According to Trust London poverty profile, Lewisham is the worst among the beneficiaries and
welfare reform and education. The number of people living in low income house is higher than
the average of the England population. The number of child poverty being higher followed by
the number of older people.
Deprivation table (PHE 2019).
Inequalitie
s
indicator name period
local
count
local
value
eng
value
eng
wost
Deprivation score (IMD 2015) 2015 13370 22.7 16.8 30.5
Smoking prevalence: routine and
manual occupations 2017 0 19.1 25.7 48.7

Lewisham Health Profile 7
Deprivation chat (PHE),
(2019).
local value eng value eng wost
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
22.7
16.8
30.5
19.1
25.7
48.7
Deprivation score (IMD 2015)
Smoking prevalence: routine and
manual occupations
Health status
The health status in the region indicates that there many health problems in Lewisham than any
other part of England. These problems are associated with the level of depravity in the region. It
is estimated that the majority of older people under 75 years die from cancer and respiratory
diseases. Life expectancy for women is higher than of the men in the region. Birth expectancy
for a female is higher than birth expectancy for male children. Also, health and disability life
expectancy for a female child is higher than for male children.

Lewisham Health Profile 8
The health status of the service provision in general health care is worst and below the expected
standards. The living standards are lowered by the rate of increased poverty whereby the poor
health is fueled by overcrowded homes and the while pensioners are living alone. The status of
children with obesity is very high as compared to the England average. The children hospital
attendance and admission in the hospital is high or almost equal to the England average. Health
indicators life expectancy
Life expectancy table ((PHE), 2019)
life
expectanc
y and
cause of
death
indicator name period
local
count
local
value
eng
value
eng
wost
Life expectancy at birth (Male
2014-
2016 0 79.1 79.5 74.2
Life expectancy at birth (Female)
2014 -
16 0 83.3 83.1 79.4
Under 75 mortality rate: all causes
2014-
16 1887 371.1 371.1 333.8
Under 75 mortality rate:
cardiovascular
2014-
16 395 81.8 73.5 141.3
Under 75 mortality rate: cancer
2014-
16 701 148.8 136.8 195.3
Suicide rate
2014-
16 60 7.2 9.9 18.3

Lewisham Health Profile 9
Life expectancy chat
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
local value
eng value
eng wost
Health indicators on injuries and ill health ((PHE), 2019)
injuries
and ill
health
indicator name period
local
count
local
value
eng
value
eng
wost
Killed and seriously injured on
roads
2014 -
16 183 20.5 39.7 110.4
Hospital stays for self−harm 260 84.2 185.3 578.9
Hip fractures in older people (aged
65+ 121 427.1 575 854.2
Cancer diagnosed at early stage 378 52.4 52.6 39.3
Diabetes diagnoses (aged 17+) 0 65.3 77.1 54.3
Dementia diagnoses (aged 65+ 1351 70.9 67.9 45.1

Lewisham Health Profile 10
Health indicators on injuries and ill health chat
Killed and seriously injured on roads
Hospital stays for self−harm
Hip fractures in older people (aged 65+
Cancer diagnosed at early stage
Diabetes diagnoses (aged 17+)
Dementia diagnoses (aged 65+
0
200
400
600
800
local value
eng value
eng wost
Health indicators on child health ((PHE), 2019)
Child
health
indicator name period
local
count
local
value
eng
value
eng
wost
Under 18 conceptions 2016 100 22.1 18.8 36.7
Smoking status at time of delivery 2016/17 200 9.8 10.7 28.1
Breastfeeding initiation 2016/17 3814 86.1 74.5 37.9
Infant mortality rate
2014 -
16 49 3.4 3.9 7.9
Obese children (aged 10−11) 2016/17 729 23.7 20 29.2

Lewisham Health Profile 11
Health indicators on child health chat
Under 18
conceptions Smoking status
at time of
delivery
Breastfeeding
initiation Infant mortality
rate Obese children
(aged 10−11)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
22.1
9.8
86.1
3.4
23.7
18.8
10.7
74.5
3.9
20
36.7
28.1
37.9
7.9
29.2
local value
eng value
eng wost
Demographic characteristics (PHE) (2019)
Behavio
r risk
factors
indicator name period
local
count
local
value
eng
value
eng
wost
Alcohol−specific hospital stays
(under 18s
2014/15-
16/17 32 15.8 34.2 100
Alcohol−related harm hospital stays 2016/17 1254 522.3 636.4 1151.1
Smoking prevalence in adults (aged
18+) 2017 35780 15.5 14.9 24.8
Physically active adults (aged 19+) 2016/17 0 64.9 66 53.3
Excess weight in adults (aged 18+) 2016/17 0 57.8 61.3 74.9

Lewisham Health Profile 12
Behavior risk factors mortality chat ((PHE), 2019)
Alcohol−specific hospital stays (under 18s
Alcohol−related harm hospital stays
Smoking prevalence in adults (aged 18+)
Physically active adults (aged 19+)
Excess weight in adults (aged 18+)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
15.8
522.3
15.5 64.9 57.834.2
636.4
14.9 66 61.3
100
1151.1
24.8 53.3 74.9
local value
eng value
eng wost
Health status on health protection
health
protectio
n
indicator name period
local
count
local
value
eng
value
eng
wost
Excess winter deaths
2013 -
2016 296 21.1 17.9 30.3
New sexually transmitted infections 2017 3872 1825 793.8 3215.3
New cases of tuberculosis
2014-
2016 195 21.9 10.9 69

Lewisham Health Profile 13
Health status on health protection chats ((PHE), P. 2019)
local count local value eng value eng wost
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
Excess winter deaths
New sexually transmitted
infections
New cases of tuberculosis
Indicators on demographic characteristics
The demographic characteristics are affected by social behaviors which lead to deterioration of
health in a society. Lewisham has the highest rate of various social behaviors. These include
alcoholic, sexual related crime and self-harm behaviors. These behaviors can be rooted due to the
highest rate of deprivation which leads to depression resulting to the high rate of negative social
behaviors (Molloy 2017, p.17). Smoking prevalence in manual occupation rate is high which
results to increase of TB related diseases in the hospital.
Children low income families under 16 which has 22.1 worse than England with 16.8 this is seen
where families lack basic necessities. Performance in school is greater than the England
population with 54.8. Employment rate for young people is higher than England average and also
rate of violence is higher than Average England average population 24.5 and 20.0 (Cary 2016).

Lewisham Health Profile 14
wider
determinant
s of health
indicator name period
local
count
local
value
eng
value
eng
wost
Children in low income families
(under 16s) 2015 13370 22.7 16.8 30.5
GCSEs achieved
2015/1
6 1482 54.8 57.8 44.8
Employment rate (aged 16−64)
2016/1
7
16310
0 77.4 74.4 59.8
Statutory homelessness
2016/1
7 77 0.6 0.8
Violent crime (violence offences)
2016/1
7 7276 24.5 20 42.2
Health determinants chats ((PHE), P. 2019).
Children in low
income families
(under 16s)
GCSEs achieved Employment rate
(aged 16−64) Statutory
homelessness Violent crime
(violence
offences)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
22.7
54.8
77.4
0.600000000000001
24.5
16.8
57.8
74.4
0.8
20
30.5
44.8
59.8
42.2
local value
eng value
eng wost

Lewisham Health Profile 15
Priority public health needs of the community
The profile indicates that there is an increase in sexually transmitted infections in the year 2017.
This implies that this a major health risk which requires health attention by the authority (Wayal,
et al. 2018, p.13). The indication of the active number of young people over 19 years may be the
results of the sexual abuse in the region.
Cases of alcohol-related harm and self-harm have also increased; this is likely to be rooted due to
the highly increased rate of employment and change of behavior among the young people in the
region (Lopez-Morinigo 2014, p.14).
The profile indicates that there are violent crime offenses in the region. As a result of deprivation
in the region, crime can be associated with poverty. Lack of basic necessities in the area may
result in these crimes. Also, the high rate of employment due to better school performance may
also increase the crime by the less fortunate people in the region.
The rate of the child living in a depredated condition is very high than the average rate of
children in the same condition in England. The children health is also another factor to be
considered as a health priority. Despite the high number of children growing and increased of
child development, the region experience high child mortality. This is a concern in the region,
the finding indicates that the demographic smoking practices by pregnant mothers are the major
cause of child mortality.
There is a high rate of obese children and young people in the region. The rate of active people in
the region is very low which may lead to this obese condition. Also, high employment can
increase the change eating behavior which encourages unhealthy eating habits.

Lewisham Health Profile 16
Older people are experiencing health challenges of hip fracture which indicate that the incidents
are on the rise in the region than other regions in England.
Majority of people are likely to die at 75 years or less due to chronic diseases. This is a major
priority for the health authority. Majority of people are dying due to cancer-related diseases such
as breast cancer, prostate cancer, respiratory and heart diseases. The rate at which cancer is
diagnosed indicates that the early rate of a cancer diagnosis is low.
Vulnerable and disadvantaged groups
The world health organization indicates that the most vulnerable people in society are the elderly
and young people. The factors that contribute to health issues especially respiratory and
cardiovascular disease affect greatly those people with such conditions. The aged people are
likely to be the most affected by factors that affect health due to their vulnerability. Exposure of
pregnant mother to behaviors that lead to chronic sicknesses can affect the unborn baby resulting
in problem in development and health risk in the future life of the baby. They also result in
childhood asthma, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation.
Theories of health need
Bradshaw’s taxonomy of need is the theory of identity and making a need possible. These four
methods of identifying needs these include;
Normative needs which are identified by experts. They require specific standards lay down by
experts. For example, an expert may advise a patient that they need surgery; a child needs to be

Lewisham Health Profile 17
vaccinated. It also includes a perceived need by an individual (Carver, Ward, &Talbot 2018,
p.30).
Felt need is the need identified by a community to make a different pertaining a problem at hand.
This involves ranking the needs in their importance and strategizing on the measures to solve
those needs.
The expressed need is taken as equal to demand or an unmet need. It is the need that is met when
there is a demand for it. The justification outline that people with fewer resources are the one
who has demand for social services but they unlikely to voice their demand. If people do not
demand these services it is taken as if there is no demand for the services.
The comparative need is measured by reference to the person receiving the services. The
comparison comes in if there is a person requiring the services with the worst need than the
person receiving the same services. This ensures that social services are prioritized where they're
needed most in the region to enhance and improve health conditions (Catherine 2019).
Population trends and transitions
The population trend is determined theory of demographic trends. This measures the changes
that occur in birth and death rates. The changes that take place between birth and death rate are
determined by economic development. Demographic population growth cycle begins with the
fall of death rates and continues with population growth and start falling with population growth.
Economic growth enhances growth in population leading to less death in a given demographic
(Guo 2017, p.25).

Lewisham Health Profile 18
Nutrition transition is the change in diet consumption and energy expenditure. These affect the
economy due to the high risk of health issues such as diabetes, obesities, and other food-related
diseases. It also affects the demographic trends due to the rise of deaths and births.
Epidemiology transition is a phase of increased population growth due to the increase in
innovation in public sectors and improved food security, followed by the leveling of the
population due to a decrease in fertility.
Community asset-based
Asset-based community development defines community asset as an approach to developing a
community in groups through their strengths and assets. It focuses on eliminating the perception
of deficit and community problems. Through facilitating the community in problem-solving,
knowledge from what the community knows is important and enhances quick decision and
problem-solving. In need assessment involving the community is a key measure that encourages
community participation and helps in cost saving due to the utilization of available resource
among the communities David (2016).
Conclusion
The profile has well elaborated on the health issues facing the region but has not outlined the
availability of health facilities and resources available which would be the key reason for the
high mortality rate. The profile has not captured unemployment status in the region which may
be triggering the crime in the region due to lack of life sustainability resources. With the rate of
the homeless group in the report, the profile has not captured the cause of these factors. Other

Lewisham Health Profile 19
information I would like to know in the profile is about the economic practices and cultural
practices in the profile. These could be the leading factors contributing to the health issues
despite the intervention of the authority to improve the health sector. Cultural practices differ
from one community to another, despite the majority of the population being Christians, what are
the cultural practices of other non-religious group indicated in the profile. This knowledge can
shed more light in the profile and help in improving the health sector in the region.

Lewisham Health Profile 20
List of references
Archer, G. and Colhoun, A. (2018) ‘Incident reporting behaviours following the Francis report:
A cross‐sectional survey’, Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 24(2), pp. 362–368. doi:
10.1111/jep.12849.
Boden, P. and Rees, P. (2010) ‘Using administrative data to improve the estimation of
immigration to local areas in England’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A
(Statistics in Society), 173(4), pp. 707–731. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2009.00637.x.
Carver, N. A., Ward, B. M. and Talbot, L. A. (2008) ‘Using Bradshaw’s Taxonomy of Needs:
Listening to women in planning pregnancy care’, Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the
Australian Nursing Profession, 30(1), pp. 76–82. doi: 10.5172/conu.673.30.1.76.
Cary, M. (2016) ‘Human trafficking and severe mental illness: an economic analysis of
survivors’ use of psychiatric services’, BMC Health Services Research, 16, pp. 1–8. doi:
10.1186/s12913-016-1541-0.
Catherine P (2019) ‘Progress and Priorities in Research to Improve Outcomes for Students With
or at Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders’, Behavioral Disorders, 44(2), pp. 85–96. doi:
10.1177/0198742918808485.

Lewisham Health Profile 21
David, P. (2016) ‘“Now I Know My ABCDs”: Asset-Based Community Development with
School Children in Ethiopia’, Children & Schools, 38(4), pp. 199–207. doi: 10.1093/cs/cdw031.
Guo, K. and Yu, J. (2017) ‘Gender gap, capital accumulation and the demographic
transition’, Economics of Transition, 25(3), pp. 553–572. doi: 10.1111/ecot.12126.
Hui, S. (Rob), Charlebois, L. and Sun, C. (2018) ‘Real-time monitoring for structural health,
public safety, and risk management of mine tailings dams’, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,
55(3), pp. 221–229. doi: 10.1139/cjes-2017-0186.
John Aspinall, P. and Chinouya, M. (2008) ‘Is the standardised term “Black African” useful in
demographic and health research in the United Kingdom?’, Ethnicity & Health, 13(3), pp. 183–
202. doi: 10.1080/13557850701837294.
Lopez-Morinigo, J.-D. . (2014) ‘Suicide completion in secondary mental healthcare: a
comparison study between schizophrenia spectrum disorders and all other diagnoses’, BMC
Psychiatry, 14(1), pp. 34–53. doi: 10.1186/s12888-014-0213-z.
Lowrey, M, Otnes, C, & Ruth, J. A. (2018) ‘Exploring the Behavioural Patterns of Knowledge
Dimensions and Cognitive Processes in Peer-Moderated Asynchronous Online
Discussions’, International Journal of E-Learning & Distance Education, 33(1), pp. 1–28.
Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=eft&AN=132099422&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 10 April 2019).
Maginn, S. . (2004) ‘The detection of psychological problems by General Practitioners--
influence of ethnicity and other demographic variables’, Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric
Epidemiology, 39(6), pp. 464–471. doi: 10.1007/s00127-004-0751-7.

Lewisham Health Profile 22
Mannix, T. R. Austin, S. D. Baayd, L. S & Sara E. (2018) ‘A Community Needs Assessment of
Urban Utah American Indians and Alaska Natives’, Journal of Community Health, 43(6), pp.
1217–1227. doi: 10.1007/s10900-018-0542-9.
Michael A. (2018) ‘Public Health Surveillance for Zika Virus: Data Interpretation and Report
Validity’, American Journal of Public Health, 108(10), pp. 1358–1362. doi:
10.2105/AJPH.2018.304525.
Misener, L. and Schulenkorf, N. (2016) ‘Rethinking the Social Value of Sport Events Through
an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) Perspective’, Journal of Sport Management,
30(3), pp. 329–340. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=s3h&AN=115853522&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 10 April 2019).
Molloy, A. (2017) ‘Routine monitoring and assessment of adults living with HIV: results of the
British HIV Association (BHIVA) national audit 2015’, BMC Infectious Diseases, 17, pp. 1–7.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2708-y.
Nel, H. (2015) ‘An integration of the livelihoods and asset-based community development
approaches: A South African case study’, Development Southern Africa, 32(4), pp. 511–525. doi:
10.1080/0376835X.2015.1039706.
Terroba, F., Frövel, M. and Atienza, R. (2019) ‘Structural health and usage monitoring of an
unmanned turbojet target drone’, European Journal of Industrial Relations, 25(1), pp. 635–650.
doi: 10.1177/1475921718764082.

Lewisham Health Profile 23
Wayal, S. (2018) ‘Understanding the burden of bacterial sexually transmitted infections and
Trichomonas vaginalis among black Caribbeans in the United Kingdom: Findings from a
systematic review’, PLoS ONE, 13(12), pp. 1–19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208315.
Yüksel, S. (2018) ‘Analyzing differential item functioning of the Nottingham Health Profile by
Mixed Rasch Model’, Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (2587-0823),
64(4), pp. 300–307. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=s3h&AN=133127793&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 10 April 2019).
(PHE), P. (2019). Public Health Profiles. [online] Fingertips.phe.org.uk. Available at:
https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/health-profiles/data#page/1/gid/1938132696/pat/6/par/
E12000007/ati/101/are/E09000023/iid/90366/age/1/sex/1 [Accessed 12 Apr. 2019].