Library Science - Punctuations of Equilibria

Running head: SOCIOLOGY 1
Library Science
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SOCIOLOGY 2
Introduction
1.
Scribes assist in the understanding of literacy from ancient times to current time. Scribes
and their books play an important role in ancient time. Scribes in ancient Egypt and
Mesopotamia provides rich information that is important for understanding the patterns of
literacy evolution. For instance, in Mesopotamia, various literacy materials based on debates
were documented using scribes (Lyons, 2011). The following paper analyses the role of scribes
and their "books" in ancient times using Frederick Kilgour's "Punctuations of Equilibria" model.
Kilgour in this book, his publishers are kept short with relatively small types and
economic profits, and he predicts the fate of the book. From the long-term perspective of this
book - can be defined to save and carry or easily transport information - Kilgour provides Niles
Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould on the concept of "balance punctuation" (Breunig & Koski,
2012). Things tend to remain status quo when there's no reason for a major change although
following meteor impacts and technological breakthroughs, they change with relatively quickly.
Kilgour reviewed the human history of nearly 5,000 years from a favorable position from
around 1970. Kilgour described five such events, which were the development of clay flakes, the
rise of papyrus, the emergence of binding pages (manuscripts), movable inventions Type
printers, as well as the adaptability of steam power to prints. Since the late twentieth century, this
book has been estimated by Kilgour and has undergone two additional major changes: photo
composition as well as offset printing. In addition to professional titles, letterpress printing, as
well as hot lead technology, were all outdated by the 1970s and 1980s, in addition to professional

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titles, letterpress printing and hot lead technology were outdated. And the e-book, written in
1996 or 1997, his date is 2000 (when the critic received his book). Kilgour relies almost entirely
on published sources and even references. He occasionally repeats, and occasionally someone
wants to tighten the text further, with less detail or work drawings (see, for example, paragraphs
on pages 87-88, which describe how the hose in the Gutenberg design prevents the platen from
turning the screw. Even so, as a general reader's summary, the evolution of this book has
succeeded in making long stories and rich stories readable and useful. Kilgour's survey is
equivalent to a book collector's world history (Cioffi, 2015). It outlines the ancients' economic
and tax record needs and writes a direct link between the invention and the bookkeeping
invention.
In my view, the role of scribes backup the Kilgour's thesis since the thesis explains the
classified historical book based on material that exists. The Kilgour's thesis indicates ways
through which materials are changing since the ancient time of Egypt and Mesopotamia that can
form the basis of current e-books.
It explains how writing tools, cursive writing, and ink advancements are driving papermaking
experiments. The second-century manuscript solved the storage problem of tablets and the
difficulty of recycling information on the reel. The Christian world requires cultural clerics and
monastic life to read, especially in Lent, and St. Benedict's rules require each monk to read a
book. Therefore, Kilgour explored the script and how it works, borrowing policies, editing
procedures, copy machine training, and their hardships (at the bottom of the last page of an
assignment, a monk wrote: "Now I wrote the entire article; Give me a drink "[p.71]) for Christ's
sake. We understand the emergence of book indexes and the role of glasses in extending people's
reading lives. In addition to block printing and early production, Kilgour's repetition of

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Gutenberg includes commercial and intellectual property issues, the rise of universities and
professions, and the opening of the text of religious warfare (Coatu, 2015). Although Kilgour has
no doubt about the importance of population growth and literacy, driving the search for simpler
ways to copy books, or printing books faster, he is also concerned about this contingency. When
Aloys Senefelder's mother played limestone and ink made from wax, soap, and fume, she
suddenly asked him to write a shortlist for the laundry woman. His success, different ingredients,
led to lithography (Curley, 2016).
2.
Robert Darnton’s model for understanding historical books helps in understanding the
changes that have occurred in the historical book since the 15th century. The model shows the
transition from past present and into the future and this is evidenced through the transition from
scrolls to the codex that assisted many historians especially the Christian historians. Moreover,
Robert Darnton’s model of understanding books gives insight into various ways that technology
can assist in transforming literacy. For instance, according to the model, various historians use
various materials for
Robert Darnton’s article “what are historical books
“What are historical books” is an article where the author attempts to trace the social
history of various books that include producers, readers, sellers, shippers, and printers. The
article classifies various materials that give a historical perspective of books. Darnton is a
pioneer in the field of the history of the book. The "bookcase" is divided into three parts. Those
parts are the future, present, and past. The future part of the article presents some of the e-books
technologies that might assist in future literacy. In the four chapters of the "Future" section,

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Dalton estimated how new technologies such as Google Book Search would change the
landscape of the library and literacy. We are seeing the era when the Gutenberg Galaxy moved to
the Google Galaxy. In other words, the printing of books and ink bank rules are giving way to
Anant Borges Library.
Dolton is optimistic about Google's invasion in theory, but it's pessimistic about Google's
invasion (Hamilton, 2012). In theory, as a librarian at Harvard University, he is likely thrilled
about a library that could dwarf the Alexandria Library. In reality, they spent chapters and
chapters, which can give details of everything that could be wrong. The opposite of open access
to monopoly (which will prevent Google from charging shameless fees?) The problem of
technology transfer (8 tracks are difficult to enter, how long before?) They prepared a solid table
of problems.
The only major concern about it is that Google is not able to scan rare books, or at least
not enough. Apart from being able to overcome this fact with enough time, if only Multi Millions
of books are digitized, then I will not complain (and not in other parts of the world). The goal of
digitization is not to achieve digitalization of the whole book, but to achieve digitalization of the
critical mass of the book. That quality of the digitization of the book should come soon after the
digitization of the critical mass of the book is achieved.
Darnton takes a very different approach from Luddite, although his book is full of
uncertainty and anxiety about what this transformation could mean. Google’s attempt to digitize
a major research library is an example of a development that has excited him as well as surprised
him. He's concerned that Google's "monopoly tendency" and the risk of coveting private interests
will hamper any desire for the public interest (Kwak, 2016). How to protect the interests of

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authors and publishers? Should Google be considered a publisher? How does a research library
adapt to the operation of Google Book Search? Will we lose irreplaceable details when we
sharply convert data to bytes?
He found more problems than he could answer. But he talked about the dangers of
digitization. Since these were collected as early as 1982 articles, some work - from the second
half of the 90's - seemed old. Nobody is debating (except for some librarian circles), microfilm is
better than newspapers. There is also some overlap between the papers because we read many
times, and for many academic journals, many memberships can be more than $ 20,000. But some
are interesting because their historical information, such as their chapter "The Mystery of
Reading," has a description of "ordinary book", which is like the 18th Century favorite file RSS
feeds (Latham, 2017). The reader wrote a quote from his beloved and formed a self-edited editor.
However back on the best or the good side: Google's discussion. In Chapter 3, "The Future of the
Library", Google's judges have listed some excellent suggestions for what writers and publishers
should do to harmonize with Google:
Public Authorities regularly monitor the prices
Representing libraries and readers in the registry Unclaimed works are available for
potential competitors to digitize for Google. To prevent Google from misusing its monopoly
power, demand the Justice Ministry's Vengeance Accreditation Act.
Some of the measures can protect personal privacy from Google's omnipotent electronic eye and
are sensible suggestions or recommendations for the time of the current earthquake. If you want
to educate yourself in the entire changing literary landscape, then the first fourth chapter price is
a "bookcase".