Lifecycle Development Report 2022

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LIFECYCLE DEVELOPMENT
LIFECYCLE DEVELOPMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors note

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Introduction
This report is meant to analyze the concept of Lifestyle Cycle Development in our
modern society, the effect, as well as the implication to contemporary society using the Moore
family as a reference factor. The report will also further discuss the different stages of the
lifecycle; that way, individuals will understand the various stages of the life cycle with the
support of relevant theories used to explain lifecycle development. The concept and nurture of
Jacob and his siblings’ development, as highlighted in the Moore Family case study.
Starting from the definition of lifecycle development, this report will Identify and discuss
each stage of lifecycle development using Jacob’s lifecycle including his social, emotional,
cognitive, and physical development within each of his life stages of development. This report
understands the theories of needs as started by great works of Maslow, Bowlby, Piaget, and other
great minds in the field. This report spotted some flaws as seen in the chosen theory as it related
to Jacob’s development.
Discussion
Task 1
Definition of Lifecycle Development
According to da Luz(2018), lifestyle development as a learning process that is very
important to the cultural development of any human for the proper functioning of the
psychological sector. Most of the time we tend to relate the definition of Lifecycle Development
to Maslow’s theory of needs as started by Capello and Nijkamp (2019). According to the theory,
every normal human being must go through some psychological stages before he/she can achieve

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self-actualization. This theory has a very close similarity to an individual’s lifestyle
development.
Different stage of Jacob’s lifecycle
This has similarity with Freud’s psychosexual theory; it proposes that we, as humans, are
usually propelled by the need to achieve excellence in some areas of our lives. Erik’s
psychosocial theory expatriated that by making it clear through well-drafted stages of
Psychosocial Development. An average individual’s life cycle usually happens within the family
circle, as seen in Moore’s Family case study(Beckett and Taylor 2019).
Each Stage of Jacob’s Lifecycle Within each of his life Stages of Development
Jacob, from the case study, failed in all the stages of his life cycle development. Since the
case of the Moore family started from when Jacob was six years old, there is likely possibility
that he will fail in the Initiative vs Guilt which in turn will make him less creative. And should he
continue like this there is a reasonable possibility he will fail other stages of his lifecycle.
Some of the stages of lifecycle development are listed thus:
Stage 1: Trust vs Mistrust
This is unlike the case of Jacob, should the parents be responsible enough to provide him
with his basic needs being that he has a medical condition, he and the siblings wouldn’t have
been taken by the authorities(Vondracek, Lerner and Schulenberg 2019).
The first stage stated that from age - 12 months, the child must be taught that adults can
be trusted. This happens when the caregiver (the adult) meets their basic needs. The point is,
children are highly dependent especially on their caregivers, so those parents (or caregivers) who

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are responsible enough to provide their kids with these needs ends up gaining the trust of their
infants.
Stage 2: Autonomy vs Shame
At this stage, Jacob completely lacks what it takes to go through this experimental stage
of his life. If he continues like this, there possibilities that he will end up not knowing what he
can do and what he cannot as a person.
At ages 1–3 years, they are expected to explore their world. At that moment, they start
learning how to the world as they get it, they start experimenting; showing some level of
performance for some elements in the environment, e.g. toys, clothing, food, etc. This sense of
autonomy can be described through a two-year-old toddler who will always insist on choosing
her clothes or wanting to dress her self. Even though at that point, her choice of cloth might not
be the best but her will to make that choice is what is essential at that point.
Stage 3: Initiative vs Guilt
Since Jacob is 6, his sense of creativity is expected to falling in place, but since he is still
struggling with the previous stages, it will be difficult for him to meet up with his peers.
Secondly, the fact that he is having challenges makes it even worse because it will require extra
care for him to blend in.
This stage starts when the child reaches the age of 3-6 years old, which is probably the
preschool stage. This is when they start exhibiting some kind of creative and having some sort of
control over their environment through play and interaction. At this stage, every child is expected

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to begin learning how to plan, strategize and achieve their goals but interacting with other
children.
Stage 4: Identity vs Role Confusion
When Jacob reaches this stage in his life cycle development, there is a higher possibility
that he will lose his personality, which might eventually lead to depression or low self-esteem.
This stage starts from age 12 -18, now in their adolescent period, children expected to
discover themselves. Usually, adolescents do hard times finding out who they are and what they
can do. At this stage, parents are expected to guide them through and help them discover what
they want to do with their lives. This also has similarity with Industry vs Inferiority Stage, which
starts at the age of 6-12.
Stage 5: Intimacy vs Isolation
There is a high tendency that Jacob might lose out in this stage of his life; if he continues
the way he is growing, there are likely possibility that he may spend the rest of his life isolating
myself from the opposite sex.
According to Jovchelovitch (2019), linked this stage to the family system; he further
explained that this stage has more to do with understanding the way the family history and its
association in the broader community. This stage begins at age 20 and runs through the early
40s; this is the time they focus more energy in search of their soulmate; the person they will their
lives with.

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The concept of Nature and nurture
According to Kamran (2016) the idea of ‘Nature and Nurture’ indicates that from the day
a child is born to their adolescent stage, a child is bound to build some basic features which
include language cognition, scientific reasoning, and memory growth. The theory also stated
that:
• Nature and nurture theory state that Nature interacts to create a complete cognitive
development. Since this is the case, Jacob and his siblings are just another product of
Nature’s cognitive development.
• The theory also stated that Nature is responsible for any child’s mental, and body,
maturity: the two most important sections of human build-up. These parts, in turn, will
as well build the child’s ability to act, motivate, and perceive. Since the same Nature
has been unfair to Jacob and Barry thus their learning disabilities, there is a need for
strong support from an external source, probably should be coming from their new
(foster) home.
• The theory also stated that children include specific observation into the ones they have
already absolved. This means, in essence, that they pile up knowledge as it comes,
including bad experiences. Though the condition of the foster home was not explained
by the case, it is the same as what they had in their original home; then you should
probably expect the worse in terms of Jacob and his sibling’s psychological
development.

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Task 2
Definitions of needs
As stated by Lonn and Dantzler (2017), Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs is defined as
human needs as a hierarchy that must be met before any individual can achieve self-
actualization. Those needs include physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-
actualization.
Theories of needs
Stewart, Nodoushani and Stumpf (2018) state that every child always has that urge (or
need) to belong, the desire to the interrelated attachment as it is a fundamental part of human
motivation. In what is known as the most popular theories of Needs, from Maslow, A. H. (), he
started the theory of human needs is built on a simple premise. Their needs are unsearchable,
which is why it is being arranged hierarchically.
According to McCann and Van Oort (2019), theories of human needs contain
fundamental universal needs; when these needs are not met, there are likely that conflict may
occur. According to Javier and Witherspoon(2019), before an educational curriculum is
introduced in any country’s education sector, there must be a survey to ascertain the needs of the
proposed students to that way it will be very effective when it is finally introduced.
Dynamics of Disability may Impact or Influence Development
Barry and Jacob, according to the case study both have learning disabilities and a special
educational needs statement for emotional and behavioural difficulties, and again, Jacob has
diabetes. This makes Barry and Jacob delicate, and their case must be given special attention else
it might make them even more vulnerable than they already are. According to Curryer et al.,

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(2019) Social Cognitive Theory of Personality, he made it clear that human nature and it’s causal
processes have considerable importance in the development of any child(Dweck 2017).
A disability such as Barry and Jacobs’ can largely affect how they play, whom they play
with, the kind of people they play with, and how they learn. Normally, as children grow up their
skill throw with them. But in the case of Barry and Jacob, the possibility of the chances of
acquiring new skills or improving on the current one are slim. So in the case of Barry and Jacob,
there is a need to for them to be thought some specific way of playing since they cannot measure
up with their peers in terms of playing in a specific pattern(Grishko et al., 2018).
But in most cases, physical abilities does affect the play pattern of children like this. Still,
since the case of Barry and Jacob has to do with the difficulty in learning, it can as well affect the
way they move objects or completely utilize their play area. This is shown in the way they
handle their play materials or how they constructively manipulate them. In most cases, due to
conditions such as cerebral palsy, it may also instigate their speech pattern(Dweck 2017).
The delay in cognition as a result of impairments in the child’s cognitive functioning may
contribute to the development of the child’s play skill, which also extends to their general
development(Jackson 2018).
Jacob’s needs and the consequences
• Physiological Needs: These are considered biological needs; they are the necessities
required for human survival, for example – food, air, drink, warmth, sleep, and clothing. If
those needs are not available, there is a greater possibility that the human body may
malfunction. If Jacob, in his state, falls to get those, he may fall critically sick as a result.

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• Safety Needs: Once a person meets his physiological needs, the need for safety becomes
important. Normally, humans like to be in control of their lives; this kind of need can be
fulfilled the society and family. Other contributors are schools, hospitals, police, etc.
Though there are other types of security includes financial security, emotional security,
law and order, social stability, etc. If Jacob is not physically and emotionally protected,
there are higher propensity that he may suffer from physical or emotional wounds as a
result of abuse.
• Love Needs: This can also be called ‘Love and Belongingness’ after you must have
fulfilled your safety and physiological needs, the next thing should the need for social
involvement which eventually gives you that feeling of belongingness. Here it is believed
that this need, when achieved, motivates behaviour, examples of ‘Love Needs’ include
associating with friends, family, work, etc. If Jacob is not given enough love that he
deserves, there are possibilities he may suffer from depression and other emotional
distress.
• Esteem Needs: Esteem need has more to do with the need to believe in yourself; it is
categorized into two categories: Self Esteem, e.g. independent, mastery, achievement, and
dignity. The next one is the desire for respect from the external audience, e.g. prestige,
status, etc. Even in his condition, if Jacob is proud of himself, it can throw him in a
depression state.
• Self Actualization: This is the final stage; this is where you are said to have achieved
your purpose; this is the moment of self-fulfilment. Maslow, however, explains that this
level marks the height of your achievement in life. Jacob needs to be thought how to

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achieve his purpose in life; if not, he may live the rest of his life as a confused, unfulfilled
individual(Hopper 2019).
Jacob’s needs are interrelated
Of course, Jacob’s needs are inter-related as stated above, and if adhered to strictly, there
is a possibility that they may relate positively to his future development. Those needs include:
• Esteem Needs: This needs inter-relates with the ‘love needs’, if properly
handled, it will, to a larger extent, build his self-confidence, as well as
prestige.
• Safety Needs: This need also have a relationship with psychological needs,
because of they all boarder around providing safety for the individual
(Jacob). The difference is the way they provide it. This will go along way to
in developing his metabolically and emotional well being.
The Socioeconomic Status of the Family and how this may impact on their Needs
Though the case study did not state the financial value of Elaine and Michael, from a
psychological observation of this family, they are economically vulnerable. This can greatly
negatively impact their needs, considering the kind of lifestyle they have chosen, e.g.
alcoholism(Faggian, Modrego and McCann 2019).
Task 3
Jacob’s Needs at Different Stages of the Lifecycle
Though similar theories by great scholars in the field like Maslow, Bandura, Erickson,
Freud, etc. can be applied to Barry’s development, Paul B Baltes, Ursula M. Staudinger, and
Ulman Lindenberger’s theory will be the most effective of them all because of its effectiveness.

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And since the theory associated Barry’s problem to be genetic, the best remedy is managed by
guarding him through his developmental stage. According to NNAM (2019) states the fact that
no definite theory contains all the areas of human life cycle development and warns strongly
against excluding racial, and sexual minorities in further research. Fox, N. A. (1989, p. 1)
explained that it is easier when you are emotionally attached to someone because you are
definitely in charge of how you feel at that moment. As an adult, it is easier to put your feelings
into words, whereas, most of the research that has some time to do with emotional attachments
are carried out using infants thus, the search for alternative ways of research.
The theory that explains Moore family and Jacob in particular
According to Lewis et al., (2016), who insist that the life cycle developmental theory has
a relationship with evolutionary and ontogenetic human and cultural development throughout
several analytical stages. This is to say, therefore that the problem is Moore’s family is genetic;
someone must have carried the alcoholic gene of their parent and the abusive gene.
And since this theory explained that a human life cycle is evolutionary, Elaine and
Michael developed this attitude over time – it did not just happen. And as for how it can affect
Jacob since Jacob is the biological child of Elaine and Michael, there is likely possibility that he
may display such attribute (alcoholism or abusive attitude) in future(Reis, Collins and Berscheid
2017).
Flaws and Drawbacks
This theory explains Moore’s family problem only from an evolutionary and ontogenetic
aspect. However, it answered the question to a greater extent, a comprehensive response that

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covers the social, psychological, and economic point of view would have been just perfect in this
case(Shih et al., 2019).
All aspects of Jacob’s development
Whether Paul B Baltes, Ursula M. Staudinger, and Ulman Lindenberger theory put all the
elements of Jacob’s development into consideration. No, it did not. This is because it only talked
about the genetic relationship it has on Moore’s family and Jacob in particular. Whereas, in
theory, should have covered the psychological, economic, and social aspect of this
situation(DelGiudice 2018).
The theory may or may not help professionals at the Strategic meeting
The Paul B Baltes, Ursula M. Staudinger, and Ulman Lindenberger theory may limit
professionals in deciding on the Future of Jacob and the Moore Children because it focuses on
the evolutionary and ontogenetic aspect of the case. It would have been better if it had covered a
wilder part of the Moore family case.
Conclusion
People need to understand that children are delicate creatures, any obstruction in their
stages of need may trigger delusional circumstances that may lead to depression or any other
form of psychological disorder. This is why you must follow the life cycle developmental stage.
But when they are disabled (just like in the case study), the need to give them closer attention
arises.
There is also a need for the authorities to discover children like Barry and Jacob further
and give them safe harbour. We should as people look out for those around us, just like Elaine

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and Michael’s neighbours did that way we can help protect the vulnerable amongst us against
danger.
Recommendations
 According to Badcock et al., (2019), it is recommended that further research
should be done in areas of human needs. This is so because vulnerable children
like Jacob might not have the same urgency as other healthy kids, so, it will be
unfair trying to relate the need for an average normal to children with disabilities.
 As stated by Griffiths and Stotz (2018), further research should also be carried out
on different stages of life cycle development in humans. One, in particular, is the
Industry vs Inferiority stage that starts that from ages 6 -12, children tend to
compare themselves with their peers, as in, the cloth they wear, how they talk,
how they play, etc.; always trying to measure up.

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