What are the risk factors commonly shared by lifestyle

Running head: LIFESTYLE FACTORS RELATED TO THE RISK OF DISEASES
Lifestyle factors related to the risk of diseases
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1LIFESTYLE FACTORS RELATED TO THE RISK OF DISEASES
Aspects of dietary and lifestyles leading to disease
Choices of an unhealthy diet and daily routine can trigger various diseases, including
chronic diseases, obesity, and heart diseases. It reduces lifespan and increases the risk of
developing diseases. The factors of dietary and lifestyle that influences disease risk are lack
of physical activity, smoking, and intake of alcoholic and sugary beverages (National
Institutes of Health (NIH), 2020).
A sedentary lifestyle intensifies the risk of several diseases, including diabetes,
obesity, hypertension, heart diseases, and mortality factors. Adults aged between 18-65 need
to maintain a healthy lifestyle by performing physical activities of moderate-intensity which
include a minimum of 30 minutes workout every week for five days. A study showed that a
more intense workout reduced the risk of mortality in the elderly. Bicycling or walking for 20
minutes in a day for three days a week is adequate to maintain physical fitness. Walking
inability was associated with a higher risk of mortality, reduced movement, and coronary
disease (González, Fuentes and Márquez 2017). Lack of exercise is also considered as lethal
as smoking. It has been estimated that a lack of physical activity is responsible for heart
disease and colon cancer in one out of 10 and one out of five individuals respectively, in the
UK. Physical inactivity also caused type2 diabetes in 13% of the population (nhs.uk, 2020).
Leading a sedentary lifestyle has become a public health concern in recent times as 60-85%
of the population of developed countries worldwide. Physical activity is fundamental to
controlling weight and energy-burning (Who.int, 2020). Malnutrition can occur in adults
when he is consuming an excess of food and beverages that contains a high amount of energy
but lacks energy expenditure due to less physical activity. Malnutrition can lead to
overweight or obesity in adults. A study was done to find out the association of sedentary
lifestyle and physical activity with obesity. It was seen that there is a positive correlation of

2LIFESTYLE FACTORS RELATED TO THE RISK OF DISEASES
sedentary behavior with waist circumference body along with body fat mass, whereas
moderate physical activity was correlated with adiposity without sedentary behavior (Myers
et al. 2017). In the case study, Mr. Dominic is physically inactive and leads a sedentary
lifestyle which has led to an increase in his weight and BMI which is above 30 (obese).
Obesity is directly associated with BMI so he is already above the risk rate of obesity which
is a health concern. Due to a lack of mobility, he might develop colon cancer.
Cigarette smoking leads to an increased risk of lung cancer in both men and women.
There is a likelihood of smokers to develop heart disease 2 to 4 times more than non-
smokers. Heart disease includes coronary heart disease where the blood vessels thicken to
increase blood pressure and forming clots. Stroke can also occur because a clot reduces blood
flow to the brain, causing it to burst. Lung disease caused by smoking includes COPD or
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which can finally lead to death. Smoking increases
the risk of death due to lung cancer (Fabbri 2016). In England, smoking is the major cause of
mortality and kills one out of two smokers leading to an enormous number of deaths per year.
84% of smokers die due to lung cancer and 83% due to COPD (Nhs.uk, 2020). Smoking has
been considered a condition of chronic relapse by the government of England, and it requires
treatment as most of the hospital admissions are due to smoking-related diseases. There is a
rise in the smoking rate to more than 6 million in recent years (GOV.UK, 2020). In the case
study, it is seen that Mr. Dominic is a daily smoker. So this can be a reason for him to be
susceptible to a number of heart and lung diseases, including cancer.
Sugary beverages include tea, coffee or any drink complemented with sugar and these
are the largest source of carbohydrate and contains a massive number of calories. Beyond
gaining weight, beverages loaded with sugar can lead to type 2 diabetes, coronary disease and
chronic diseases (Malik and Hu 2015). Excessive sugar can increase calories leading to
weight gain which is unhealthy. Being overweight can make the individual more susceptible