Linguistics: Analysis of Political or Gendered Discourse and Sociology of Language

This article discusses the analysis of political or gendered discourse and sociology of language. It also talks about the role of language in modern social transformations and the connection between language and society.

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Part 1
Analysis of Political or Gendered Discourse
The problems associated with social aging processes have not been recognized for a long
time as the social and cultural priorities of the development of the society. Despite the fact
that they were reflected in political programs and official documents of the transformational
period, their practical resolution was limited to guaranteed minimum retirement support of a
late age. The crisis of social policy towards older people was manifested in the assessment of
old age from the standpoint of the desirability of its exclusively socio-economic support. The
focus of attention of the official ideology is still shifted to how economically sound and
promising is the current social security system in relation to the representatives of the third
age (Akmajian, et al,2017).
The very prospect of an aging society contributes to the development of an integrated social
policy that takes into account both the capabilities of people that arise at different age periods
of life and the consequences of an aging population. As a result, the specified social
phenomenon acquires the status of cultural value, an equivalent stage in the chain of
structural organization of the age stages of life and place in the social space.
Interest in sociolinguistic issues is quite natural. On the one hand, it is determined by the
needs of modern society, which is in dire need of scientifically-developed principles of
language policy and language construction, and on the other, it is a kind of reaction to the
linguistic orientation of structural linguistics, which excluded the social context from
consideration (Coulthard, Johnson, & Wright, 2016).
Part 2- Blog Post on sociology of language

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The second approach, called "sociology of language", provides for broader and far-reaching
tasks: the integration of linguistic and social structures within the framework of a sign theory
based on the unification of linguistics with other social sciences and aimed at figuring out
how signs are used in the context of public life. A characteristic feature of sociolinguistics as
an interdisciplinary science is not just a mechanical connection of the relevant sections of
linguistics and sociology, not just their movement towards each other in order to solve border
problems, but unification based on a single theory, a common understanding of the object and
objectives of the research, a single conceptual apparatus and a common set research methods
and procedures (Litosseliti, 2018).
Description and analysis of the connection between language and society is the subject of
sociolinguistics or sociology of language, for a science that emerged in the middle of the 20th
century at the junction of two disciplines of linguistics and sociology. The degree of
assimilation of new words, obviously, depends on such social characteristics of speakers as
age, sex, level of education, degree of proficiency in foreign languages, social status, etc.
Therefore, the assimilation and activation in the speech of a new borrowed vocabulary,
accelerating adaptation to new conditions and realities of modern social life, becomes an
urgent problem. The influence of the development of technical and cultural contacts with
foreign countries, the development of international cooperation on the emergence of foreign
language borrowings is considered (Pennycook, 2017).
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These processes cause an increase in public concern on the part of various political,
social and cultural groups in preserving cultural identity, in “identity politics” and how to
respond to such policies from other groups.

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In this article we will try to show how a scientifically based activity in the field of cultural
policy in the field of language could help to overcome the two extremes mentioned above and
preserve what ideally “polity” from the times of the ancient Greeks seeks - to harmonious
existence (Poeppel, & Embick, 2017).
First, culture can be viewed as learned behavior. Culture in this sense acts as a system of
practices, beliefs, institutions, customs, traditions, habits, constructed by man and transmitted
from generation to generation. Culture is opposed to nature, and the design of culture
distinguishes man from animals. At the same time, kickbacks or returns to the “animal state”
in society occur when society, for various reasons, begins to slow down this design.
On the role of language in modern social transformations
Secondly, culture should be understood as the institutional sphere of the production of
collective meanings. Culture is a subsystem of society, along with economics, politics, which
is responsible for the “production of meanings”. Again, if you do not support this institutional
system of culture, regression processes are resumed in the initial, “natural” state of society
(Rossi-Landi, 2017). Thirdly, in the philosophical and sociological traditions, culture can be
accepted as a creative activity and an “agency”.
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Culture is something that opposes material production. Leadership, social structures,
this is a special space that allows a person to show their “creative” abilities.
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Culture is a system of symbols and meanings; it is a subsystem in which the highest
“level of abstraction” of social relations is constructed. Fifth, culture can be analyzed as a
practice. Culture is a sphere of practical activity in which interactions are carried out
precisely regarding political will, power, class struggle and social contradictions, social
changes (Spitzer, 2015).
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Based on the five concepts of culture selected by Sewell, we propose to synthesize the
last two. In this regard, in this article we will consider culture as a semiotic aspect of human
practical social activity, as a network of semiotic relations about power.
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The participants of one culture form a semiotic community, a certain system and on
the basis of this they are involved in a joint symbolic action. Thus, we proceed from the fact
that culture appears as a dialectic of system and activity, as an aspect of social life,
autonomous from other aspects in their logical and spatial configuration, having a real, but
weak logical connection, i.e. constantly undergoing transformation.
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There is no doubt that the interrelations of society, language and culture are very
complex, but in sociological and philosophical theories they began to think about the
“specialness” of these relations not long ago.
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However, the very conceptual formulation of the question is the result of historical
changes in the culture of modernity (Tomasello, 2017). Why? In our opinion, the reason is

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that, since the modern era, culture has been interpreted as a system of symbols, symbols and,
at the same time, forms of consciousness and prescriptions for activity.
References
Akmajian, A., Farmer, A. K., Bickmore, L., Demers, R. A., & Harnish, R. M.
(2017). Linguistics: An introduction to language and communication. MIT press.
Coulthard, M., Johnson, A., & Wright, D. (2016). An introduction to forensic linguistics:
Language in evidence. Routledge.
Litosseliti, L. (Ed.). (2018). Research methods in linguistics. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Pennycook, A. (2017). Posthumanist applied linguistics. Routledge.
Poeppel, D., & Embick, D. (2017). Defining the relation between linguistics and
neuroscience. In Twenty-first century psycholinguistics (pp. 103-118). Routledge.
Rossi-Landi, F. (2017). Linguistics and economics (Vol. 81). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co
KG.
Spitzer, L. (2015). Linguistics and literary history: Essays in stylistics (Vol. 2270). Princeton
University Press.
Tomasello, M. (2017). Cognitive linguistics. A companion to cognitive science, 477-487.

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