Linux: DNS, SSH, LAMP, FTP, and SSL Configuration

Running head: LINUX 1
Linux
[Name of Student]
[Institution Affiliation]

Running head: LINUX 2
Part 1: Virtual Machine One – DNS & SSH Server (3 marks)
The first virtual machine has Ubuntu 18.04 server version running and will be used to
make the machine a DNS and SSH server. The first step will be an installation for BIND DNS
managing the following domain saffioti.org.au. The steps with are detailed below with the
accompanying screenshot (Lee, Kim, Kim, & Shin, 2008)
Steps
Preconditions
1. The machine must have a static hostname
2. The machine must have a static IP address.
Configure Static hostname
First, we check the current hostname by running the command hostname
Since we are creating DNS for saffioti.org.au, our hostname must be prefixed by the
server. And suffix with saffioti.org.au. To set the hostname, we run the following command;
hostnamectl set-hostname server.saffioti.org.au

Running head: LINUX 3
The ens3, that is the network interface card
IP-192.168.122.229
BROADCAST-192.168.122.255
To configure static IP, we must edit the etc/network/interfaces and give the following
lines shown in the figure below,
To make the changes take effect, restart the networking service by issuing the command
sudo systemctl restart networking
The configuration of the DNS server
First, it is important to get updated package repositories by running the sudo apt-get
update

Running head: LINUX 4
Next, install the bind9 and the bind9utils using sudo apt-get install bind9 bind9utils.
Change directory to /etc/bind and run the ls command to list files and directories in bind
directory (Lee et al., 2008). The various files are shown in the figure below,
Our main file is the named.conf which is the main configuration file for the DNS server.
The current contents are as shown below;
But first, let configure the zone forward zone for saffioti.org.au which can be done by
editing the /etch/bind/named.conf.local file and fill the following details
zone is “saffioti.org.au”
type is master because we are creating a master a DNS server
file will be the file for the forward zone i.e /etc/bind/forward.saffioti.org.au
Then configure the reverse zone by reversing the machine network IP using the in.addr.arpa
inverse addressing.
Zone “122.168.192.in.addr.arpa”
The type will be master
The file will the reverse DND lookup file at /etc/bind/reverse.saffioti.org as shown below

Running head: LINUX 5
Now we just need to create the two zones in the bind.
Since we need similar configuration as the db.local file, we can copy the contents of db.local into
the two zones and edit the two files as shown below
Forward zone
In the edit mode, the start of authority(SOA) will be given as the hostname i.e
server.saffioti.org.au. The NS i.e name server shall be server.saffioti.org.au and the A i.e IPv4
address shall be the IP address of the server. The client and www shall be defined with an IP in
the range as of the server, in this case, it will be 192.168.122.230 as shown below
To configure the reverse zone, we can just copy the forward file into the reverse file and
edit the reverse zone file. In the PTR(pointer) will given the domain name saffioti.org.au which it
is pointing to as shown below

Running head: LINUX 6
To verify our configurations we run the command
sudo named-checkconf –z /etc/bind/named.conf
The output is as shown below,
The local file is also well loaded as shown in figure below,
To verify the forward zone run the command
sudo named-checkzone forward /etc/bind/forward.saffioti.org.au
The result is as shown below
Similarly, the reverse zone is verified by running
sudo named-checkzone reverse /etc/bind/reverse.saffioti.org.au