Literature Analysis of Research

This literature analysis explores the increase in modern day transportation problems and the development of new technologies for public transportation. It discusses the upgrade of drones and vehicles responsible for public transportation.

Running head - LITERATURE ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
Literature analysis of Research
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Author’s note

1LITERATURE ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
Problem Statement
The purpose of the study is to analysis the increase in modern day transportation problem
and the development of new technology that would enable public to access to travel in new kinds
of transportation medium such as hyper-loop, anti-gravitational cars or flying cars and drones
(Salvo et al., 2017). Public transportation in modern days are not that much convenient as these
with the rise in the population, the number of vehicles have increased in the road. Researched
have been conducted by proposing hypothesis that there would be development of technologies
and facilities that would develop drone transportation. Most of the research papers were
concentrated in the development of drones for services related to delivery purposes. The
particular study would be discussing about the issues that have been faced form the present day
public transportation mediums and would be analyzing the upgrade of drones and vehicles
responsible for public transportation.
Approach
The following study would be critically analyzing the research that have been done on the
upgrade of transportation from vehicles running on non-renewable resources such as petroleum
and LPG to magnetic levitation and quantum levitation or drones capable of carrying as many
number of passengers like present day buses. In the modern world, the population increase have
been a serious issue. As with the increase in population, issues have been developing in for food
scarcity, rise in deforestation and sophisticated leaving choices. People have been relying on
transportation for their day to day movement. Thus, to support this increase in the number of
people, there have been an increase in the number of public transportation. People have been
buying personal cars for their personal uses (Woodburn, 2017). Every second person owns a
vehicle now. This have led to the rise in pollution level and destroying the eco-system. The rise

2LITERATURE ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH
in number of vehicles have led to many issues like pollution of air, use of non-renewable
resources like petroleum, and increase of traffic. This rise in the purchasing of cars and increase
in the number of public transportation have led to significant rise in the pollution in the last three
decades. Levels of gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and other
foreign substances have raided the risk of polluting our air (Garden, Hood & Emissions, 2019).
These have been a serious matter as the gases that is emitted from the combustion of petroleum
in the cars, particularly nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbons mixes with the sunlight and destroys
the ozone layer in the atmosphere. The ozone layer in the earth’s atmosphere is a layer that
protects the earth’s surface and all the species living it from stopping the harmful ultraviolet rays
from the sunlight of earth. Thus to save the ecosystem of earth, there have been development of
alternative methods of transportation that is more reliable, harmless to the environment by
decreasing the pollution level (Litman, 2017). The literature sources that have been used in the
following analysis is journals and research papers.
Literature Analysis
The field of technology have seen many kinds of development in every possible field.
The technological development have led people to access the full potential of sophisticated life
style with elegant facilities. There have development of dustbins that opens just waving hand
over it. Thus, people have been expecting over marvelous changes that would sculpt their life
more to access new possibilities. Researchers have been working on many new technologies that
would help in developing in kinds of transportation.
Engineers have been working in the technologies that would develop drones that could be
used in public transportation. This development would be a new kind of achievement in the field

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of engineering as flying transportation apart for airplanes have always been a fantasy for every
human being.
In order to realize the extended damage that have happened due to the increase in present
day modes of transportation, it is needed to take into account to analyze the size or the majority
of modes of transportation that is contributing in the damage. In the literature there have been a
thorough analysis of technologies that would be helpful in developing drones and cars that would
be using the concept of hover-board. Recently there have been researches on the field of
quantum mechanics and quantum technologies that have led to the development of quantum
levitation (Quantum, 2019). Quantum levitation is a process that have allowed scientist to
develop a process that would levitate an object specially a superconductor over any kind of
magnetic sources. The effect that allows the object to levitate in the air is known as Meissner-
effect (How Quantum Levitation Can Make Objects Float and Fly, 2019). The process is carried
out by the expulsion of a specific magnetic field that is emitted from a superconductor during its
transition from conducting state to superconducting state. When the superconducting material
like superconducting wires or other materials like niobium tin is super-cooled below the critical
temperature, there is zero electrical resistance present in the object at that time. When there is no
electrical resistance, while passing electrical currents through the object, there is maximum
present of magnetic flux that allows the object to levitate in air (Crépin et al., 2017) Thus, this
have led to the rise of a technology that could be used in futuristic transportation medium to give
rise to flying cars on the mechanism of quantum levitation.
Another aspect of developing this kind futuristic transportation is the principle of
magnetic levitation. This technology is used in the bullet train that allows them to travel with a
super speed and with zero contribution to air pollution. The process is achieved by the principle

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of basic magnetic properties (Rusconi et al., 2017). As magnets have two kinds of poles namely
north and south. Magnetic properties all the object attract same poles and repel opposite poles.
As the trains tracks are turned in to magnets by the principle of electromagnetism. It states that
any object could be turned into a magnet is electrical currents are passes through it. The poles of
the magnet are determined in which direction the current is entering a leaving (Han & Kim,
2016). Thus, the electro-magnetic effects could be used in between vehicles and tracks made in
roads that would allow the car to levitate. This mode of transportation would be contributing is
zero participation in air pollution (Sotelo et al., 2017).
Another significant kind of transportation could be developed that would help in
developing particular drone transportation. Military research department of the United States of
America, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or also known as DARPA have been
researching in developing drones that would carry high technological military equipment’s like
modern gunships and location and laser accessed missile guidance system (Elliott, 2018). This
kind of drones are responsible for mass destruction. As these drone carry high end equipment
that weights a lot, the technology could be used for developing drones that would carry people it
for transportation. Airplanes uses unleaded kerosene or naphtha-kerosene bled which is a kind of
fuel with similar composition of diesel fuel. This emits a lot of carbon in the earth’s atmosphere
that would raise the temperature in the earth’s atmosphere. The development of drones that
would run in renewable energy sources like solar power or wind power or hydraulic power
station that would help them in not polluting the atmosphere. Drone could also reduce the
number of vehicles transportation if there are development of drones that would access people is
traveling short places. Thus, with thorough development in drone technology, it would help
reducing the traffic congestion in the street as modern day traffic have been an issue for every

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human being (Zhang et al., 2018). It is estimated that a person spends 1.5 years of their life stuck
in the traffic. Accessing the air ways for the daily transportation would help in reducing the
current traffic condition in urban cities and would also reduce the amount of air pollution by
eliminating the gases from the present day vehicles.
Conclusion
Thus, the following analysis could be concluded by providing a brief overview of the
problems that have been raised due to the rise in the number of vehicles in the urban cities
around the globe. The study have discussed about problems like rise in air pollution and rise in
traffic congestion in the present day. The problem statement section provides an insight to the
issues from the rise in vehicle numbers. The approach section in the research analysis have
discussed about the steps that could be taken by researchers and developers to develop
alternative methods and technologies that would help in reducing the issues raised from this rise
in number of vehicles. The study also provides analysis of literature that have researched in
alternative methods.

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References
Salvo, G., Caruso, L., Scordo, A., Guido, G. & Vitale, A. (2017). Traffic data acquirement by
unmanned aerial vehicle. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 50(1), pp.343-351.
Woodburn, A. (2017). The impacts on freight train operational performance of new rail
infrastructure to segregate passenger and freight traffic. Journal of Transport Geography,
58, pp.176-185.
Quantum. (2019). Home • Quantum. [online] Available at: https://www.quantumlevitation.com/
[Accessed 29 Mar. 2019].
How Quantum Levitation Can Make Objects Float and Fly. (2019). Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/quantum-levitation-and-how-does-it-work-2699356
Garden, H., Hood, U., & Emissions, E. (2019). How much air pollution comes from cars?.
Retrieved from https://auto.howstuffworks.com/air-pollution-from-cars.htm
Litman, T. (2017). Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions (p. 28). Victoria, Canada:
Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Zhang, Y., Cao, Y., Wen, Y., Liang, L. I. A. N. G., & Zou, F. (2018). Optimization of
information interaction protocols in cooperative vehicle-infrastructure systems. Chinese
Journal of Electronics, 27(2), 439-444.
Crépin, P. P., Dufour, G., Guérout, R., Lambrecht, A., & Reynaud, S. (2017). Casimir-Polder
shifts on quantum levitation states. Physical Review A, 95(3), 032501.
Rusconi, C. C., Pöchhacker, V., Kustura, K., Cirac, J. I., & Romero-Isart, O. (2017). Quantum
spin stabilized magnetic levitation. Physical review letters, 119(16), 167202.

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Han, H. S., & Kim, D. S. (2016). Magnetic Levitation. Netherlands: Springer.
Sotelo, G. G., De Oliveira, R. A. H., Costa, F. S., Dias, D. H. N., De Andrade, R., & Stephan, R.
M. (2015). A full scale superconducting magnetic levitation (MagLev) vehicle
operational line. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 25(3), 1-5.
Elliott, C. (2018). The DARPA Quantum. Quantum Communications and Cryptography, 83.

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Reflective Statement
I have thoroughly researched in the weekly assignment topic and produced the
assignment that would help in understanding the effects of rise in number of vehicles and what
alternative methods should be developed to reduce the effects.
I have found many processes to be challenging while developing the new kind of modes
of transportation. While developing the quantum levitation vehicles that would fly, I found that it
would be hard to make such huge amount of materials superconductors. I also find that magnetic
levitation would be challenging as it would require huge amount of capital as well as manpower.
I would try to overcome these kind of problems by discussing them with fellow
associates and take expert opinions for stepping in developing these technologies.
Skills like proper understanding, thorough search capabilities and communication skills
have been developed and other skills like research paper analysis have to be gained in order to
succeed in the unit.