Leadership and Management: A Literature Review and Essay

This document provides a literature review and essay on the significance of leadership and management in organizations. It explores the differences between managers and leaders, and discusses the importance of leadership development programs. The document also includes theories and models of leadership, such as transformational leadership and transactional leadership.

LITERATURE REVIEW
AND ESSAY

TABLE OF CONTENT
LITERATURE REVIEW AND ESSAY.........................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................4
Leadership and management.......................................................................................................4
Leadership development programme..........................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Leadership can be defined as the art of inspiring a group of member or people for acting
towards accomplishing common goal. In other word, the ability of a individual or group of
people to follow their commander. Leader is not only motivates a group of people or individual
but also supports to overcome their weaknesses. While management is the procedure of creating,
decision-making, organizing, executing, motivation, coordinating and controlling the HR,
finance department and other departments. Both management and leadership play essential role
because leadership has role to command group of people while management has role to
implement decision within organization so that group of people follows decision and perform
their action towards common goal. When organization create leadership and development
program in that state applies various academic theory model like transformation leadership
model and transactional leadership model. Transformational leadership theory where leader
coordinate with teams to determine required changes, organizing a goal to follows the change
which occurs by inspiration and adapts change to reach common goal over the period. Most of
the organization organizes leadership development program. The reason behind is that to make
them learn how to work in team and inspires them to achieve predetermined goals. It is very
essential for the organizations to have a strong leader and manager base for themselves so that
they can function effectively in the market. There are a lot of important decisions which are
made by the leaders and managers of the company so that the company can function effectively
and efficiently which is a very crucial factor for the company in the competitive market.
The brief study of the report will help to understand significance of leadership and
management. It includes various theories which help to understand concept of leadership and
management. It includes leadership development program which is created by NHS leadership
academy. Leadership development program will evaluate by applying various leadership
theories.

MAIN BODY
Leadership and management
Leaders and managers have a great role in the functioning of the organizations smoothly
and effectively. The companies have to meet the needs and demands of the customer’s so that
they can increase their profit margins in the market so that they can make the functioning of the
company better and the company will be able to get a better stand for themselves. Managers are
the people who make decisions for the company so that the company can function effectively
and the company can also function in one direction so that there is clarity of working which has
to be followed. Leaders divide that decisions further and gives the employees of the company a
tasks and time in which they need to be completed so that they do not feel pressured to finish
that. Managers can control all the actions of the company and have a control on all the
employees of the company so that they can take out the best from the employees so that there is a
better functioning (Weiss, Tappen, and Grimley, 2019). Leaders have a command on the
employees who are working in the organization so that they can monitor them and skill them to
the standards of the company so that the quality and productivity of the company can be
maintained which is going to be very beneficial for the overall functioning of the company.
There are a lot of situations in which leaders have to take a step when the managers are not there
which is why having an experienced and skilled leaders and managers is very important so that
the customers can get the best from the company. There are a set of standards which the
company’s in the market set for themselves so that they can have a better customer base and
make higher profit margins which have to be maintained by the managers and the leaders of the
company (Braun and et al., 2016).
Difference between Managers and Leaders
Managers Leaders
Manager has the capability to develop objectives
of business organization and increase the potential
of the company.
Leaders are responsible to formulate vision of
the business organization which also integrates
with culture of company effectively.
Managers have the ability to reduce risk from the They influence employees to adopt and

external business environment. implement change in the organization according
to changing market trends to increase the
performance of business organization in market
(Koražija, Žižek and Mumel, 2016.).
Managers have effective knowledge of
management principles and techniques to develop
effective strategies and techniques to manage the
efficiency of the business.
Leaders are having proficient leadership style
which helps them to adapt in different situation
and according to their personality. This also
increases their output to motivate employees.
Managers examine all the internal resources and
market trends to develop motivation theories to
reduce cost of business and also provide effective
output to achieve objectives of the company.
Leaders motivate employees to achieve
objectives and participate and guide them to
become more effective.
Manager creates activities which increase
performance of business origination for short term
and increases the efficiency of the company
effectively (Harris and Jones, 2018).
Leaders have the ability to think for long term by
analyzing all the available resources which also
influence the performance and growth
opportunity in future.
Managers refers to old management theories to
solve issues and problems in the business.
Leaders use their skills and knowledge and
innovate with new ideas to solve the issue and
also increase the potential of business to gain
better productivity.
There are a lot of differences with the working of the leaders and managers of the
company but there are a lot of similarities as well between the two. It is very important for both
the members of the organization to function together and to make the company achieve their
goals and objectives so that they can have a long run in the market effectively. Both leaders and
management of the company should be strong and must take decisions together so that they can
make the right decisions for the company and those decisions which are going to make the
employees of the company also get in favour of the company (Diamond, and Spillane, 2016).

Leaders understand the employees well therefore the leaders can help the management to
understand the employees well and the decisions can be taken accordingly so that the
productivity and the direction of the company is not lost and there is a transparency of
departments and functioning in the organization. The leaders and the managers have to keep the
company’s value, mission, vision and motivation high so that the company can have a better
functioning for themselves (Hallinger and Hammad, 2019). Leaders and the managers of the
company give a structure to the company which is a very important factor for the company so
that there can be a better functioning and the company will be able to function effectively and
there is a smooth functioning of the company for a long run in the market. Both the styles in the
company are very much active in all the steps of the company so that there is a better functioning
of the company which is a good factor and the company will be able to get what they need. There
is a requirement to get more customers in the company and it is only possible with the decisions
which the leaders and the management make for the company which is why they both have to
work together (de Oliveira, Cavazotte and Alan Dunzer, 2019). There is a requirement of
improvement and increasing the skills of the employees which is done by both of them so that
the standards of the company can be maintained in the market of the organization.
As per the view of (Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2019), transactional leadership is giving
the employees rewards and punishments as a motivation so that the company can have a high
productivity in the company which is going to be very helpful for the company for the overall
growth in the market. It is very important that the employees must know how to motivate the
employees from time to time so that they can get the work from the employees get completed on
time and the objectives of the organization can be met. This leadership style is a reactive type
because if the employees so not find a fair treatment in this method then they will not want to
work and if they are punished for nothing and sees the leaders just enjoying the freedom and not
working then the employees can revolt against this. The focus of the employees is on the
planning and execution of the work of the company so that there is a better functioning but there
has to be more to that otherwise the company will not be able to work (Solomon, Costea and
Nita, 2016). This is a very practical approach in organizations which are small in scale and have
one leader in the company because it is not possible for the leaders to play all the roles of a
leaders also by one person and the pressure on the leader will be too much. Pressure on the

leaders is a lot but they must know how to deal with it so that they can give their best to the
company and the employees also can get the best from the leader of the company.
In according to (Gopee and Galloway, 2017), transformational leadership is when the
leaders give enthusiasm and charisma to the employees so that they can be inspired and the
company will be able to have a better functioning for themselves. The leaders set examples and
become the ideals for the employees of the company so that the employees have someone to
follow in the company. There is a need of improvement all the employees all the time and the
leaders must make sure that they are giving the attention to all the employees so that there is a
better functioning of the company and the skills and knowledge of the employees can be
improved by the leaders of the company. This is a very practical leadership approach in big
companies where there is more than one leader. There are a lot of innovations which can take
place in the company if the leaders know how to motivate the employees of the company well
and this is going to be very beneficial for the company for a long run in the market (Jeon and et
al., 2017). There is a better culture exchange and the company will be able to function better
which is a very important factor for the company so that the company can have a code of conduct
which is going to be very helpful for a long run. This is a proactive leadership style is can be
followed in the organization and the employees will be supporting this kind of a leadership style
more which is why the revolt from the employees will not be there which is a very good factor
for the company.
In opinion of (Renz, 2016), there has to be a mixed form of leadership in the company so
that there is a better functioning and the employees of the company can be satisfied completely
and the organization can achieve their objectives from time to time. The group interest will be
higher if the right leadership style is used at the right place which is going to be very beneficial
for a long run of the company. It is very important for the company to have good and strong
leaders in the company who are experienced so that they can have a higher productivity and the
company will be able to have a better functioning for them. The company has to make the most
in the market and that is only possible when they have a strong internal environment of the
company better so that they can get a competitive advantage and the company will be able to
have a higher competitive advantage in the market (Oplatka and Arar, 2017). There are a lot of
situations which can come in front of the leaders of the company like employee conflicts or

employees turnover, etc which have to be solved by using different styles because it is not
compulsory that in all the situations one method can be used. It is very important that the leaders
solve all the internal issues and the customer’s issues in the company effectively so that the
company can have a better functioning for themselves which is a very important factor for them.
Leadership development programme
The leaders of the companies in the market have to be trained and developed so that the
company can rely on them and the company can maintain their standards in the market which is
a very important factor for the company. The leaders of the company must know their work so
that they can take out the best from them and the team which they have a command on so that
there is a better functioning for them. The leaders have to know the employees individually and
have a friendly and a professional relationship with them so that there is a better understanding
accordingly the tasks can be allotted to the employees of the company which is going to be
effective for the company. The quality of the services and the products of the company have to
be maintained so that the company can give the customers satisfaction. It is very important for
the company to provide the customers with the best of experience and satisfaction level in the
company so that they can have a better functioning for themselves which is going to be very
effective (Armstrong, 2016). All the employees are not so experienced and skilled but the leaders
have to make sure that they are doing a good job in the company which is why the leaders first
have to know everything about the work so that there is a balance of work in the organization.
Leaders have to understand the employees well so that there is a fair division of work and the
right employees have been given the right job to be done in the company. There should be
personal agenda of the leader in the company but the company should be able to match the
standards of the company which is a very important factor for the establishment.
There are a lot of employees which have huge dreams of working with big organizations
but they can not match up to the standards of the company but the leaders must make sure that
they are being able to do that. This is important because the quality of the services and products
of the company can not be compromised which is why the leaders have to make sure that all the
employees of the company are matching up to the standards of the company (Fraser, Castrucci
and Harper, 2017). There are a lot of industries which have adapted to leadership in the

organization and in big organizations this is a very important factor so that there is a better
functioning and the company will be able to have a better functioning for them. This will make
the company have a better future and the company will be able to give their best. The leaders
also motivate the employees to that extent that the changes which are coming in the market can
be accepted easily in the organization. The needs and demands of the customers is changing with
time and it is very important for the company to adapt to those so that they can have a better
functioning for them so that they can make the company function effectively and smoothly. The
companies also have to get changes in the company so that they can make the company have a
better functioning for themselves so that there is a better image for themselves.
According to (Armstrong, 2016), Mary Seacole is effective NHS leaders who provided
guidance in educating other globally. As also helped many to develop effective skills and
knowledge and improve the efficiency of health services. There are many factors which help the
leadership development programme which helps to increase the productivity to improve the
interpersonal skills. This leadership program also helps to increase the leadership characteristics
of individual and help to compare them with others. It is also very essential to awareness and
influencing power which Mary leadership program provides and also motivates many people to
learn and educate them and become more productivity to archive higher goals. This programme
also helps to increase the confidence level of people and motivated them to increase their
knowledge and skills to make visionary decisions which can benefit them in future and increase
quality of living. Author also explains that it is very essential to understand all the activities
which aware practices by Mary to become effective leaders and also motivate and influence
other in health care sectors (Thorpe and Gold, 2016). This also helps to increase health in the
country and provide better and potential leaders to develop nation effectively by guiding them.
Leadership also helps business to achieve higher productivity and gain better efficiency to
compete in the market. Mary Seacole leadership program also helps to leader effective
succession planning to reduce the risk and developing effective employees before current leader
is ineffective. This also increases the shared value and healthy working environment in the
organization to develop effective communication channel to share skills and experience. This
also helps organization to integrate effective employees with better professional skills to create
high performance workforce which helps to increase gain higher profit margins and motivate
each other to achieve objectives effectively. Leadership learning program also helps to create

energetic organizational culture to achieve objectives of the organization effectively. Leaders
also have the ability to understand the market trends and internal efficiency to implement the
change management strategy which also helps to increase the potential of organization to
compete in market and attain core competency.
In opinion of (Fischer and et al., 2016), it is very important in health care to have the
right leaders so that the employees of the health care can give their best in the organization
which they are associated to so that there is a better service which can be given to the patients.
There is an unfair treatment in the health care industry because of the religion, culture and
gender which has to be removed and that can be improved by the leaders of the company so that
there is a better functioning of the company which is a great factor for the company. There has to
be a good service which all the patients and the customers of the health care must receive and
that can be made sure by the leaders of the organization so that there is a better functioning and
better standards of the health care in the world (Hamlin, 2016). People so not get themselves
treated in a health care because they feel that the services are not good and they will not be taken
care of properly and the leaders must change that by training the employee’s right and removing
this thinking from the patient’s minds. It is very important that the patients get this kind of
service so that they can have a better life and the health care will be able to function effectively.
As for the view of (Nayani and et al.,2019), leaders have to make sure that all the
employees under them are listening to them and they have a control over them so that they can
make the functioning of the company faster. It is very important that the productivity of the
company is fast because the demands of the customers is increasing and the company must
satisfy the needs of the customers so that there is a better functioning of the company. There are
a lot of advantages which the company can have if there are proper training and development
which can be given to the employees of the company which will be discussed in the further
report. The advantage of this factor is that there are a lot of people who can develop themselves
which is going to be a very good factor for the company (Mutale and et al., 2017). It is because
of the leaders that the individuals of the organization can improve their skills and knowledge
about their work and having a better paying scale for themselves which will be good for the
living standards of the individuals. There are group activities or tasks which need to be
completed in the organization which also has to take place so that there is a better functioning of

the company which is going to be good for the people. The organizations have to achieve their
objectives from time to time and there are a lot of changes which take place so that the customers
of the company can be satisfied. The customers have to be satisfied therefore it is very important
for the organization to work as a team otherwise the time management will not be present in the
company and the organization will not be able to achieve their mission. There is a proper
monitoring of the employees which is required for the employees by the heads of the company
and the management can not come and keep a check on the employees all the time which is why
the leaders can fulfil that and monitor the employees so that they can make them work
effectively and make them achieve the missions of the company which is a very important factor
for the organization. It is very important for the organizations or establishments to achieve their
goals and missions from time to time so that there is a better functioning of them which is going
to be very helpful for a long run of the company (de Oliveira, Cavazotte and Alan Dunzer, 2019).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that there is a need of a better leaders and
managers in the organization so that the organization can have a better functioning for them.
Managers and leaders of the companies in the market must work together and make sure that
there is a transparency in the organization so that there is a better functioning so that there
company can achieve their objectives faster. A good set of leaders and managers in organization
can make the individuals of the company and the organization achieve their missions which is a
very important factor and also there will be a balanced standards for the company in the market.
The competition in the market is growing and it is very important for the company to get a place
for themselves in the market irrespective to the competition in market. The customers shift from
one company to the other which is why the companies in the market have to get a lot of changes
in the company so that they can have better profitable margins for themselves in the market. The
managers make decisions after consulting the leaders of the company because the leaders
understand the employees of the company well and this can make the productivity and
effectiveness of the company increase. The leaders make the employees get motivated
accordingly and the changes in the company can come in easily which is a very important factor

for the organization. Leaders also make the employees meet the expectations and standards of
the company so that the reputation and the quality of the services and products of the
establishment can be maintained in the market which is a very essential factor for the
organization. This is possible when the leaders provide the right training and development to the
employees so that the employees can give their best. The leaders and managers of the company
must be experienced, skilled and knowledgeable themselves so that they can have a better
functioning for themselves.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Developing effective people skills for better leadership and management. Kogan Page
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Braun, S and et.al., 2016. Leadership in Academia: Individual and Collective Approaches to the
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Fischer, M.D and et.al., 2016. Knowledge leadership: Mobilizing management research by
becoming the knowledge object. Human Relations. 69(7). pp.1563-1585.
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Gopee, N. and Galloway, J., 2017. Leadership and management in healthcare. Sage.
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management in Arab societies: A systematic review of research. Educational
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workforce: leadership & management study.
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and work satisfaction among leaders and employees. Naše gospodarstvo/Our
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