A Literature Review on Social Corporate Responsibility

Study Skills
For
Higher Education

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................3
TASK 1........................................................................................................3
What is a literature review and what does it achieve?.................................................................3
TASK 2........................................................................................................4
Write a literature review on the topic "Corporate Social Responsibility"...................................4
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................8
REFRENCES................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Literature review is also known as narrative review which is basically a scholar paper that
includes all the essential knowledge about the project. Such as findings, theoretical, methodology
and many more. Literature review is generally considered as a secondary source of collecting
data which is not based on original experiments (Machi and McEvoy, 2016).Researcher can
design or develop literature review by reading as well as analyzing articles given in books and
journals. This report is based on literature review on corporate social responsibilities which can
be developed by a researcher. Along with this topics covered in this report are brief introduction
of literature reviews and its significance. Moreover it includes different literature review which is
based on corporate social responsibilities.
TASK 1
What is a literature review and what does it achieve?
Literature review is also known as narrative review which is considered as a type of
review article. It is generally a scholar paper which combines all the essential knowledge related
to appropriate findings, contribution of theoretical and methodological topics. Literature review
is generally a secondary source which is used by a researcher in order to collect appropriate data
according to the topics of research. It can be finding or based on book and journals which is
published or written by some other person. Developing a literature review can be used by various
manners such as students of graduate and post graduate, person who is preparing thesis,
dissertation and journal articles (Krumpal, 2013). It is also considered as common research
proposal or prospectus which is given by students for approval before start their dissertation or
thesis work. There are basically three type of literature review that is evaluative, exploratory and
instrumental.
There are various objective of conducting Literature review such as conduct survey on
selected topic for report, synthesizes all information in order to produce summery, by it
researcher able to present its research in organized manner. Along with this by this an individual
collect information as well as data in appropriate manner, without spending more amount of
money and time on it. Literature review which is develop by a researcher are divided into

different portions such as introduction, body and conclusion, by this format researcher include all
necessary information and data. Along with this there are major nine steps of writing appropriate
and effective literature review. First is finding proper topic on which research will be conduct
and respective review will develop. Then they will analysis and evaluate literature, after that
researcher will focus on topic and select effective paper according to topic. After this researcher
will select articles thorough books and journals and evaluate it in effective and appropriate
manner. Then researcher will organized all the selected paper which is done on the basis of
patterns as well as develop subtopics accordingly (Caunhye, Nie and Pokharel, 2012). The next
step will be working on thesis or project and write paper accordingly in effective and appropriate
manner. By conducting or developing literature review a research able to find appropriate
findings of data and information which is essential for their project or thesis or dissertation.
Along with this by evaluating perspective of others, researcher able to understand different
aspects of respective topic in effective and appropriate manner. That will help them in
conducting research in proper manner by using proper data and information.
TASK 2
Write a literature review on the topic "Corporate Social Responsibility"
According to article “Could Corporate Social Responsibilities boost your business? ”
2019, corporate social responsibilities (CSR) is defined as an activities which are conduct by an
organization and that will be in concern of local as well as global communities. By corporate
social responsibilities an organization able to boost their business operations as well as functions
in effective and appropriate manner. Some major benefits of CSR activities are like company
able to take care of community in effective manner, they also able to maintain effective public
relation and by this loyalty of employees also get increased. Along with this by CSR activities an
organization able to gain competitive advancement in proper manner and develop image of
company apart from competition. By these benefits an organization also able to enhance their
profitability ration in effective and appropriate manner. Moreover there are various factors which
influence formulation of corporate social responsibilities in effective manner such as recognition
which is related to how owner of a business is showcasing their organization in market (Could
CSR boost your business?, 2018). Second is chaining position in which company needs to

change their CSR activities after a time being so that public will analysis it and attract toward
company. Along with this by conducting CSR activities an organization able to enhance its
public concern which help them in increasing profits in effective and efficient manner.
As per the view pint of Mallen Baker, Corporate social responsibility is a process that a
company manages to produce an overall positive impact on society. It basically covers social
impact and ethics which are done a business in order to maintain their sustainability for longer
duration of time. Eventually, it is a commitment by a business to behave ethically as well as
contribute towards economic development by improving quality of life through workforce and
their families as well as local communities and society at large (Crane, Matten and Spence,
2019). In other words it has been defined as one of the most effective framework in building
sustainable livelihood. Moreover, it respect culture difference and create opportunities in
building skills and development in employees, community as well as work towards welfare of
the company. Additionally it is a self regulated business model that helps a company to be
involve both socially and accountable towards itself, society, economy as well as towards its
stake holders. Many companies or association are conscious of its positive impact in all aspect of
performing their business activities towards society, including economic, social and
environmental. Initial a company engages in corporate social responsibility means a organization
is operating in many different ways such as by enhancing society and environment instead of
contributing in forms of negativity.
Apart from this corporate social responsibility is one of vast and wider concept that
consist into many forms as it all depends on company or industry how they are operating their
business in competitive environment. There are many corporate social responsibility which are
practices by many organization are as various CSR programs, philanthropy and volunteer efforts
as business can benefit their society by boosting up their own brand image in competitive market
place (What is Corporate Social Responsibility, 2019). Moreover, it basically create a strong
brand image among organization, society, its employees and staff members as it bring out
transparency among all of them. It also boost up the morale among employers, employees as
well as staff members so that they feel connected to each other and perform their roles and
responsibilities as per their job designation respectively. Apart from this there are certain
advantages of corporate social responsibility which are determined below:

Satisfied employees: In organization context each and every employee wants to feel
proud of their organization. Moreover, an employee with positive attitude towards their work
lead to less employee turnover.
Satisfied customer: With strong corporate social responsibility an organizational
improves its customer’s attitude toward sits organization (Tai and Chuang, 2014). Such as if
customers like productsof a particular company many purchase same product again and again as
well as not feel comfortable switch to another brand.
Positive public relation: With positive corporate social responsibility an organization
will able to provide a positive public relation throughout online and social media. Moreover,
instead of free publicity and benefit of worth of mouth.
More business opportunities: A corporate social responsibility creates more business
opportunity as continuous interaction creates benefit in competitive marketplace.
Thus, it has been determined that CSR activities plays and effective role in developing
and attaining sustainability for longer period of time.
As per the view of article given on Out- Law on the topic of corporate social
responsibility- the UK corporate governance code, 2019, it can be consider that CSR is playing a
essential or important role in order to make business successful at marketplace. Along with this
government of almost all countries are supporting to corporate social responsibility in which
each and every company has to conduct some activities in order to do social service. These
activities can be any things such as developing schools, hospitals, charity, providing facilities to
needed one and many more. Governments also develop rules and regulation in this respect so
that every company will conduct CSR activities in order to do welfare for the society. For same
government of United Kingdom develop code which is specially concerned with corporate social
responsibilities, in respective country there are some big companies who conduct CSR activities
on regular basis. According to companies Act which is established in year 2006 companies are
more focused in conducting work related to environment issues (Corporate social responsibility –
the UK Corporate Governance Code, 2019). Government of United Kingdom also ask companies
on regular basis about the rate or funds which they invested on CSR activities. This is so because

in U K it is necessary for almost all companies to do corporate social responsibilities in order to
solves issues to community or society or environment.
According to article Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries:
Experiences from developing countries, 2019, Corporate Social Responsibility can be defined as
a form of self-Regulation practiced by businesses and this is integrated into the business model.
It helps a business to embrace responsibility for its actions and encourage positive impact
through its activities relating to protection of the environment and rights of consumers,
employees, communities and stakeholders. It will be correct if we say that Corporate Social
Responsibilities is affecting the Oil and Gas's companies of developing country. Here
Developing country refers to those countries that are less developed and has lower per capita
income including low life expectancy and low literacy rates. Corporate Social Responsibilities is
affecting oil and gas industry in a way that almost every company has to make some investment
in community health and education. As oil and Gas companies realizes that their main
contribution to host societies is through providing them jobs, investments and paying tax
(Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from developing
countries, 2019). For this Respected companies started creating employment for the society this
helped them to rise in their living standard. According to given article Corporate Social
Responsibilities in the extractive industries of the developing countries. In the above, it was
discussed how the CSR of the extractive industries are doing in the developing countries. Along
with this, now each and every companies adopting CSR activities in their business operation by
which they able to attract more customers and make them loyal.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussed point it can be conclude as well as analysis that for a researcher
literature review is essential because it will also help them in collecting data in appropriate
manner. It is a secondary method of data collection in which a person can collect data by
evaluating books and journals which are prepare by any other writers. A corporate social
responsibility is also one of the major topics on which several type of literature review are
available. That provides variety of information to reader about respective topic in effective and
appropriate manner.

REFRENCES
Books and journals
Machi, L.A. and McEvoy, B.T., 2016. The literature review: Six steps to success. Corwin Press.
Booth, A., Sutton, A. and Papaioannou, D., 2016. Systematic approaches to a successful
literature review. Sage.
Krumpal, I., 2013. Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a literature
review. Quality & Quantity. 47(4). pp.2025-2047.
Caunhye, A.M., Nie, X. and Pokharel, S., 2012. Optimization models in emergency logistics: A
literature review. Socio-economic planning sciences. 46(1). pp.4-13.
Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L. eds., 2019. Corporate social responsibility: Readings and
cases in a global context. Routledge.
Tai, F.M. and Chuang, S.H., 2014. Corporate social responsibility. Ibusiness. 6(03). p.117.
Jo, H. and Harjoto, M.A., 2012. The causal effect of corporate governance on corporate social
responsibility. Journal of business ethics. 106(1). pp.53-72.
Online
Could CSR boost your business?. 2018. [Online]. Available through:< https://www.british-
assessment.co.uk/guides/an-introduction-to-corporate-social-responsibility-csr/>.
What is Corporate Social Responsibility. 2019. [Online]. Available through:<
https://www.bigcommerce.com/ecommerce-answers/what-is-corporate-social-
responsibility-csr/>.
Corporate social responsibility – the UK Corporate Governance Code. 2019. [Online].
Available through:< https://www.out-law.com/page-8221>.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from developing
countries. 2019. [Online]. Available through:<
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301420712000037 >.