Literature Review: Table of Evidence

This literature review provides a comprehensive analysis of medication errors in healthcare and their impact on patient safety. It explores the factors contributing to medication errors and provides recommendations for prevention. The review includes studies on medication errors in pediatric intensive care units, medical and surgical wards, and the Middle East countries. The findings highlight the importance of adopting computerized provider order entry systems and improving medication administration techniques to reduce medication errors.

Literature Review: Table of Evidence
Student Name:
Describe the barrier or issuein health care that you want to address for your Capstone Project Paper (two or three sentences):
© 2015. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Medication errors are a leading global problem in the healthcare industry which poses serious medical threats and consequences
for the patients and their quality of the healthcare services. Therefore it is important to identify the factors which lead to the
occurrences of such errors.

Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 Article 4 Article 5
Author, Journal (Peer-
Reviewed), and
Permalink or Working
Link to Access Article
Corina
Glanzmann,
Bernhard Frey,
Christoph R.
Meier and
PriskaVonbach
Eur J Pediatr(Peer
reviewed)
DOI
10.1007/s00431-
015-2542-4
Marja Hark € anen,
JouniAhonen,
MarjoKervinen,
HanneleTurunen and
KatriVehvilainen-
Julkunen
Scandinavian journal
of caring sciences
(Peer reviewed
journal)
doi:10.1111/
scs.12163
Christy
Gorbach, Linda
Blanton,
Beverly A.
Lukawski, Alex
C. Varkey, E.
Paige Pitman,
and Kevin W.
Garey.
American
Journal of
Health-System
Pharmacy (peer
reviewed)
David C Radley Melanie R
Wasserman Lauren EW
Olsho Sarah J ShoemakerMark
D Spranca Bethany Bradshaw
Jamia- A scholarly journal of
informatics in health and
medicine.
https://doi.org/10.1136/
amiajnl-2012-001241
Zayed Alsulami,
Sharon Conroy
and
Imti Choonara
European Journal
of Clinical
Pharmacology.
ArticleTitle and Year
Published
Analysis of
medication
prescribing errors
in critically ill
children (2015)
The factors associated
with medication
errors in adult medical
and surgical
inpatients: a direct
observation approach
with medication
record reviews (2015)
in a tertiary
care medical
center, during
verification of
order , risk
factors of
medication
errors as well as
Frequency by
pharmacists
(2015)
Minimization of medication
errors in hospitals because of
adoption of computerized
provider order entry
systems (2013)
Medication errors
in the Middle East
countries: A
systematic review
of the literature
(2012)
Research Questions
(Qualitative)/Hypothesis
(Quantitative), and
Purposes/Aim of Study
Assessment of the
MPEs in children
who are critically
ill, helps to reduce
the occurrence of
serious medical
errors in the use
of the prescribed
This study aimed to
determine
the ,frequency ,types
and severity of
medication errors
which is present in
medical and surgical
inpatients.
The purpose of
the study is to
determine the
frequency of
the risk factors
related to the
medication
errors
The objective of this study is to
derive the national
representative of the estimation
of the errors of medication
related to the reduction in the
errors in hospitals which are
attributable to electronic
prescribing through
The objective of
this study is to
conduct a
systematic review
of the incidences
and the types of
the medication
errors in the
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drugs Additionally to
explore the link
presenting between
the medication errors
and associating
factors.
conducted by
the pharmacists
during the
verification of
the orders in the
tertiary care
medical centre
setting.
computerized provider order
entry (CPOE) systems.
context of
Middle Eastern
countries in
addition to the
identification of
the factors that
contribute to the
error.
Design (Quantitative,
Qualitative, or other)
Quantitative study Quantitative study Qualitative
study
Quantitative study Quantitative study
Setting/Sample Setting was the
paediatric
intensive care unit
(PICU) at the
Children’s
Hospital in Zürich
The sample were
the critically ill
children of the
hospital
Setting was the
medical and surgical
wards at a university
hospital in Finland.
The sample were the
Setting was the
large tertiary
care medical
center in
Houston,
Texas.
The sample of
the study were
the Inpatient
and outpatient
medication
orders and
medication
errors which
were recorded
between July 1,
2011, and June
30, 2012.
The sample of the study was
that data derived from the 2006
American Society of Health-
System Pharmacists Annual
Survey, the 2007 American
Hospital Association Annual
Survey. Additionally the latter's
2008 Electronic Health Record
Adoption Database. The setting
was the hospital that were
represented in the AHA survey
The setting is the
Middle East
countries hich are
considered for the
study. The sample
of the study were
the articles
retrieved from the
databases like
mbase, Medline,
Pubmed, the
British Nursing
Index and the
Cumulative Index
to Nursing &
Allied Health
Literature.
Methods:
Intervention/Instrument
s
observational
study method was
used
A cross-sectional
study along with
direct observations
and medication record
reviews
A retrospective
and secondary
database study
was conducted
Systematic literature review
and applied random-effects
meta-analytic techniques
Systematic
literature review
and applied
random-effects
meta-analytic
techniques
Analysis All of the data Observations were Statistical EHR survey data was used for A quality
3

analysis were
conducted using
the software
program SAS,
version 9.3
recorded by the use of
structured observation
form along with
record reviews of
patients’ medication
analysis was
performed
using Stata,
version 12
the estimation of the CPOE
adoption along with the
implementation for a national
representative sample of
hospitals.
assessment was
conducted for the
studies which
were identified.
There were 12
criteria which
were considered.
Key Findings The findings
showed that the
MPEs occur more
frequently with an
error rate of 14 %.
This is higher
than the one that
is reported in
adults belonging
to the a tertiary
care teaching
hospital
The factors that
reduced the risk of
errors include the
administration of the
medications through
an oral route, and
additional people in
the medication room
at the same time and
double-checking the
drugs
The key
findings
showed an
increase of
medication
error rate that
was related to
increased
number of
orders verified
per pharmacist
The key findings showed that
CPOE can be able to reduce the
rate of medication errors that is
present in inpatient acute-care
settings, however there is
uncertainty regarding whether
this able to translate into less
harmful for the patients or not.
The key findings
of the study
revealed that the
most common
type of error that
took place was
due to incorrect
dose along with
wrong frequency
and wrong
strength of the
medicine.
Recommendations Reflection of the
situation is
necessary so that
generalizability of
the findings is
reduced
More attention needs
to be given to the
administration
techniques of the
medications along
with the instructions
of administration and
the attitudes toward
safety which is
required for the
prevention of
problems.
There is a need for adoption of
the CPOE system in the US
hospitals in a bigger way.
The study
suggested that
there is a
requirement for
educational
programmes in
terms of drug
therapy especially
for the doctors
and the nurses on
an urgent basis.
Explanation of How the
Article Supports Your
Identified Barrier or
Issue in Health Care
The article helps
to analyze the
errors related to
the prescription of
medications.
This article helps to
identify the factors
that are associated
with maximization of
the medication errors
This article
helps to
identify the
frequency and
the risk factors
The medication errors can be
identified through this paper
through the implementation of
the nationally representative
estimate of medication error
The prevalence of
medication errors
in the middle east
countries was not
that well studies,
4

Identification of
these errors helps
to understand the
cause behind the
medication
prescribing errors.
adults and mainly the
surgical inpatients
through an
observation approach.
that are related
to the
pharmacists
mainly during
the verification
of the order in
the tertiary care
medical center.
which helps to reduce the
errors that is attributed to the
electronic prescribing by the
computerized provider order
entry (CPOE) systems.
therefore this
paper helped to
review the
incidences of the
medication error
in the mentioned
setting along with
the identification
of the types of
errors as well as
the factors which
contribute to it.
References
Alsulami, Z., Conroy, S., &Choonara, I. (2013). Medication errors in the Middle East countries: a systematic review of the
literature. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 69(4), 995-1008.
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Glanzmann, C., Frey, B., Meier, C. R., &Vonbach, P. (2015). Analysis of medication prescribing errors in critically ill
children. European journal of pediatrics, 174(10), 1347-1355.
Gorbach, C., Blanton, L., Lukawski, B. A., Varkey, A. C., Pitman, E. P., &Garey, K. W. (2015). Frequency of and risk factors for
medication errors by pharmacists during order verification in a tertiary care medical center. American Journal of Health-
System Pharmacy, 72(17), 1471-1474.
Härkänen, M., Ahonen, J., Kervinen, M., Turunen, H., &Vehviläinen‐Julkunen, K. (2015). The factors associated with medication
errors in adult medical and surgical inpatients: a direct observation approach with medication record reviews. Scandinavian
journal of caring sciences, 29(2), 297-306.
Radley, D. C., Wasserman, M. R., Olsho, L. E., Shoemaker, S. J., Spranca, M. D., & Bradshaw, B. (2013). Reduction in medication
errors in hospitals due to adoption of computerized provider order entry systems. Journal of the American Medical Informatics
Association, 20(3), 470-476.
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