Civil Engineering Report: Localization and Identification Technologies

This report provides an overview of localization and identification technologies, focusing on their application within the construction management field. It begins by introducing the challenges of efficient localization and tracking, particularly in dynamic environments. The report then explores various localization techniques, including Inertial Positioning Systems, which rely on gyroscopes and accelerometers, and map-based positioning. It also delves into identification technologies, with a specific emphasis on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and its numerous applications in the construction industry, such as cost coding and asset tracking. The advantages of RFID, including data storage and use in harsh conditions, are discussed, along with its limitations, such as read distance and interference. The report concludes by highlighting the significance of these technologies, especially RFID, in enhancing material receiving and related operations within the construction sector. The report also highlights factors that can impact localization such as the condition of the surrounding environment, developed methods, testing, and validation. References are provided for further research.

Running head: LOCALIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Introduction
In construction management field, researchers are engaged in investigation of efficient
localization by automate the process of control and tracking using inclusive range of wireless
tools. Such tracing technologies are widely influenced by the environment of surroundings such
as weather events, metallic objects and presence of moving resources. Wireless centered tracking
technologies uses transmission models to transform measured established signal power into
parallel distances between a receiver unit and a transmitter unit.
Localization Technologies:
Right now there are many localization techniques available in the market. One of the
known technologies is Inertial Positioning System. It is a form of “Dead-Reckoning” which
relies on the gyroscopes and accelerometers to find the acceleration and the respective velocity
along with three perpendicular axes. It is one kind of navigation which starts form a proper
starting position then by using direction and speed anticlockwise, and then the estimation of the
current position is generated. Inertial Positioning system always counts the dead-reckoning. The
precision of the position is reliant on the accurateness of the information generated using vector
and from the last known position1. It is used in a wide range of application like aircraft, ship,
submarine, and spacecraft. Another positioning technology is based on mapped positioning
which is also called as beacon based positioning. Map based setting mainly used in the indoor
1Jimenez, Antonio R., et al. "A comparison of pedestrian dead-reckoning algorithms using a low-
cost MEMS IMU." Intelligent Signal Processing, 2009. WISP 2009. IEEE International
Symposium on. IEEE, 2009.

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positioning system. Map based positioning is also called as mapped matching posotioning. This
is one kind of method where the robot usages its sensors to make a drawing of the area. Map
based positioning helps the robots to get information about the environment. This helps the robot
to explore the area properly using the map.
Identification Technology:
RFID (Radio frequency identification) is one of the know identification technology right
now. Radio frequency-identification has many applications associates with construction industry.
The radio frequency identification use miniature read or writes transponders and those are
efficient of storing data in the critical environment. These can be used in the situation where the
labels cannot be read due to the dirt, dust or the other impurities. The technology utilized in
different sectors as well as in the construction sector. The potential uses of the radio functional
identifications are cost coding, concrete handling and processing. RFID tags are normally
attached to the resources to assists in the identification and in the tracking process. The RFID
technology is in still under processing. The primary benefit of using RFID is to store data in a
database which is changeable. Another benefit of RFID technology is the competence to use this
in the harsh conditions. If the tags that are used which are active, then the range of the scan is
increased2. The primary limitations of the RFID that the research team has experienced are with
this technology related that it read distance and the interference with metal objects. The actual
read distance was previously 1meter to 3meters. After the pilot test are completed the workers
experienced sore knees. The radio frequency becoming more popular as an identification
technology. As it has a large storage capacity it is very reliable and the database of the
technology is changeable. It also has an another high level of security as the tag replacing is
2Want, Roy. "An introduction to RFID technology." IEEE pervasive computing 5.1 (2006): 25-33.

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quite impossible. RFID is proving to be game changer for the construction industry. It is
enhancing in the field of receiving materials and also for the related operations .
Conclusion:
Despite the current advantages in the field of wireless sensor technologies, tracking
techniques and mobile computing, localization still remains as a problem that is challenging too.
Modeling radio frequency is a complicated task in a dynamic environment especially. This report
presented some identification technologies including localization technologies and widely
discussed about the efficiency and limitation of this approaches. This report also proposed some
emerging technologies like RFID. RFID is proving to be game changer for the construction
industry. It is enhancing in the field of receiving material and also for related to operations. It can
be concluded from above report there are some aspects that can impact localization such as
condition of surrounds environment, developed method, testing and validation.

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References:
Jimenez, Antonio R., et al. "A comparison of pedestrian dead-reckoning algorithms using a low-
cost MEMS IMU." Intelligent Signal Processing, 2009. WISP 2009. IEEE International
Symposium on. IEEE, 2009.
Want, Roy. "An introduction to RFID technology." IEEE pervasive computing 5.1 (2006): 25-
33.