Locke’s Concept of Personal Identity

Running Head: LOCKE’S CONCEPT OF PERSONAL INDENTITY
LOCKE’S CONCEPT OF PERSONAL IDENTITY
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LOCKE’S CONCEPT OFF PERSONAL IDENTITY1
More popularly known as the “Father of Liberalism”, John Locke was a British thinker
and physician and is one of the most widely regarded figures of the era of Enlightenment. His
major work focuses on the social contract theory and worked on philosophy as well. Multiple
philosophers have talked about the personal identities and the meaning it holds, Locke is one
such philosopher who has talked about the idea of personal identity. John Locke has spoken
about the personal individuality and existence of the perception after the death of a person. John
Locke believed that the personal self of the person ensures their psychological continuity as
according to him even if the body perishes the soul continues to exist. He opined that personal
identity is the basis of consciousness and it is dependent on neither the soul nor the body.
The main question on the issue of individual self is what the meaning of being oneself is.
The question of personal identity is the metaphysical conflict with the question of one’s
existence. The question whether there is a life after death is also attempted to solve by the
philosophy of personal existence. This kind of assessment of personal identity gives a fixed set
of indispensable and suitable circumstances for the individuality of the person over a course of
time. In contemporary philosophy of the mind, the idea of personal identity of the person is often
referred to as the diachronic problem that is related to individual identity (Klein, 2013). The
synchronic problem is based on the traits and features that characterize a person at a point of
time. There are many problems theories regarding the problem of identity.
Locke was against the Cartesian belief, according to which the soul accounts for the
personal identity of the person. In his book “Identity and Diversity”, Locke talks in detail about
the concepts of awareness as the self-identification of a person (Bonjour, L., & Baker, 2008).
Locke gives an account of the concept of individuality and personal identity. According to
Locke, the idea of personal identity is the way of spiritual endurance. Locke talks against the

LOCKE’S CONCEPT OFF PERSONAL IDENTITY2
Augustinian view, which states that man is, by nature, sinful and the Cartesian position that
according to which man knows psychological positions where as Locke says that human beings
have an empty hand which is eventually shaped by sensations, experience and reflection, these
according to Locke is the source of all the ideas that human beings have (Boeker, 2014). Locke
creates a third term in-between the body and the soul and Locke’s thought may be echoed by
those who believes in the scientific ideology that brain identifies with the consciousness. The
brains, the body all are changeable but the consciousness remains as it is. Hence, according to
Locke, personal self is not in the mind but in the consciousness. The problem of the personal
identity is not in the brain but in the consciousness of the person. In order to keep on existing
after death, there needs to be individual after death who has to be the identical being as the
person who is dead.
Thomas Reid is a well renowned Scottish philosopher and is said to have established the
Scottish School of Common Sense. He is believed to have played a very significant role in the
Scottish Enlightenment (Pust, 2013). Reid objected to the views and opinion given Locke. Reid
rejected the idea that personal memory is limited to the extent at which conscious memory can
expand. According to Reid, when the word consciousness comes into mind, people usually think
that consciousness is memory (Boeker, 2014). However, he says that in any philosophical
discussion there should be a differentiation between memory and consciousness. Consciousness
is always supposed to be in the present and memory is supposed to be in the past (Higgs &
Gilleard, 2016). Locke says that things can be remembered without actually having any
consciousness of that past memory (Heersmink, 2017). The conscious awareness of the
memories is required because these memories define the personal identity of the person. The pre-
requisite of identity is something that stays over time. Consciousness is in a state of constant