Long-Term Public Health Benefits of Breastfeeding

Running head: BREASTFEEDING 1
The Long-Term Public Health Benefits of Breastfeeding
Student’s name
University affiliation
Author’s note

BREASTFEEDING 2
The Long-Term Public Health Benefits of Breastfeeding
1. Statement of the Phenomenon of Interest
Item Response
a. What is the phenomenon of
interest? Is it clearly identified?
What is it? How is it identified?
The article mainly mentions about the importance of mothers
breastfeeding. Ideally, the article identifies benefits and how
breastfeeding has helped reduce certain chronic diseases (Binns, Lee,
& Low).
b. Has the researcher included an
explanation about why the
phenomenon requires a qualitative
format? Does the explanation
seem clear and logical?
Despite not mention why the research would use a
qualitative approach, it is evident that it would be vital.
For instance, the article explains the underlying reasons
about breastfeeding chronic diseases and later gives
insights on how it helps the mothers and infants. In
essence, the explanation in the entire article is clear and
logical.
2. Purpose
Item Response
a. What is the purpose of the
study and is it made explicit?
Give a rationale for your
response.
The purpose of the article is to establish the health benefits involved with
breastfeeding to mothers and infants. First, the study starts by explaining
why breastfeeding is important. It further adds on how lack of breastfeeding
affects the mother and infants (Binns, Lee, & Low).
b. Does the researcher
indicate how the research is
significant to nursing? Give a
rationale for your response.
The researcher does not indicate how the research is important
to nursing. However, the explanations they give explain how the
entire concept affects the involved parties.
c. Does the explanation seem
appropriate and logical? Give
a rationale for your response.
The researcher does not give any explanation about the
significance of the research to nursing.
3. Methodology
Item Response
a. What is the tradition or design of the
study? Is it compatible with the purpose
of the study? Give a rationale for your
The tradition which was used in the research involved data collection,
measurement and analysis of the data. It is very compatible with the
research as data about breastfeeding issues should be assembled,
measured and analyzed to get the results (Binns, Lee, & Low).

BREASTFEEDING 3
response.
b. Is the method adequate to
address the phenomenon of
interest? Give a rationale for your
response.
The method used, survey, was appropriate in addressing the
phenomena. By surging the cases of breastfeeding recorded,
it was compared to those who adequately breastfeed their
infants and results obtained.
4. Sampling
Item Response
a. How does the researcher select research
participants? Is a purposive sample used?
Explain.
The researcher uses stratified sampling. They identify a
specific group, which have similar characteristics, in this
case, mothers who have conceived and are still
breastfeeding their infants (Binns, Lee, & Low).
b. Are the informants’ chosen appropriate to
the study? Do they seem they will yield the
information solicited to understand the
phenomenon? To what extent? Any
suggestions for another sample?
The informants’ chosen are appropriate to the
study. The participants understand the
phenomena of the study very well and would
yield the required results. As such, no sampling
technique would be better than this one.
5. Data Collection
Item Response
a. What data collection techniques are
employed in the study? Are they
appropriate relative to the phenomenon
of interest?
Observation is the main data collection techniques, which is
used. The researcher uses secondary sources, which is very
appropriate for the study (Binns, Lee, & Low).
b. Is the data collection focused on
human experience? Give a rationale for
your response.
Yes, the data collection is focused on human
experience. Mothers involved give insights about
their experience on breastfeeding, whether they have
or have not.
c. How is protection of human rights
addressed?
As a way to protect the human rights, patient’s
information is not disclosed in any form.
d. Is saturation of the data described? If
so, what is the description? If not is it
achieved? Give a rationale for your
Data saturation has not been described. It is also not
achieved since there are a growing number of
complications from others who avoid breastfeeding.

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response.

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6. Data Analysis
Item Response
a. What strategies are used to analyze data?
Be specific.
Hypothesis testing is the data strategy used to
anaylse data for the research.
b. Has the researcher remained true to the
data? Give a rationale for your response.
From the figures obtained, the researcher has been factual.
They have given realistic figures as per the number of
participants involved in the research (Binns, Lee, & Low).
d. How the researcher addresses credibility,
auditability, and fittingness of the data?
Address each specifically. Give a rationale
for your response.
Credibility is addressed in a way that the
researcher provides the real women situation that
has been affected by breast-feeding.
From the literature, there is a link between the
process used and the figures used, hence
auditability achieved.
Also, fittingness has been addressed in a such a
way that the findings have been linked to the audit
and possibility of occurrence from identified
issues.
7. Findings
Item Response
a. What are the findings of the study? The research instigates that there is a an increase in
mortality rate when infants are not breastfeed and the
vice versa is also true.
b. Is the reader able to apprehend the
essences of the experience from the
report of the findings? Give a rationale
for your response.
The reader is able to apprehend the essence of the experience of
the report. (Binns, Lee, & Low) The researcher explained in
details some of the consequences a mother and infant face if
breastfeeding is not appreciated.
c. Are the researcher’s
conceptualizations true to the data?
Give a rationale for your response.
To the data provided, the researcher’s conceptualization is true.
Avoiding breastfeeding has high impacts on mothers and infants
as the WHO mentions too. (Ross-Cowdery et al., 2017)
d. Does the researcher place the report
in the context of what is already known
about the phenomenon? Give a rationale
for your response.
The researcher places the report in an already known
phenomena. However, the researcher is an additional
about the effects of breastfeeding to infants and
mothers.

BREASTFEEDING 6
8. Conclusions, Implications and Recommendations
Item Response
a. Do the conclusions, implications, and
recommendations give the reader a context
in which these studies might be used? Give
a rationale for your response.
The conclusion, introduction and recommendations
offer insights about the research. They summaries
the actual content which the researcher shares in
the entire report.
b. Do the conclusions reflect the findings
of the study? To what extent? What are
these findings?
The conclusions reflect the findings of the study
and adequately link with the introduction and boy
of the report.
c. Are recommendations for further study
offered? To what extent are they logical
and based on this study?
There are no further recommendations offered by
the study.
d. What recommendations would you
include that are not included? Be specific.
State a minimum of two (2).
First, breastfeeding mothers should have regular checkups
together with their infants to avoid transmission of
complications (Bar, Milanaik, & Adesman, 2016).
Secondly, infants are the most important earth creatures and
should be taken well care off by their mothers (Shamir,
2016).
e. What is the value of this study to the
nursing profession?
To a nurse, the report is very valuable. Despite
offering the importance of breast-feeding, it also
shows ways in which nurses can create awareness
to mother about how they take care of their infants.

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References
Bar, S., Milanaik, R., & Adesman, A. (2016). Long-term neurodevelopmental benefits of
breastfeeding. Current opinion in pediatrics, 28(4), 559-566.
Binns, C., Lee, M., & Low, W. Y. (2016). The long-term public health benefits of
breastfeeding. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 28(1), 7-14.
Ross-Cowdery, M., Lewis, C. A., Papic, M., Corbelli, J., & Schwarz, E. B. (2017). Counseling
about the maternal health benefits of breastfeeding and mothers’ intentions to
breastfeed. Maternal and child health journal, 21(2), 234-241.
Shamir, R. (2016). The benefits of breast-feeding. In Protein in Neonatal and Infant Nutrition:
Recent Updates (Vol. 86, pp. 67-76). Karger Publishers.