Leadership and Management Theories: TESCO Case Study

Learn about leadership theories and management theories and their impact on organizations. Understand the differences and similarities between leadership and management. Analyze the training, development, and leadership strategies of organizations. Case study: TESCO. | Desklib

ORGANISATION
LEADERSHIP
&MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
Illustrate the theories of leadership and management.........................................................................3
Differences between Leadership and Management....................................................................4
Similarities between leadership and management......................................................................5
Analyse the training, development and leadership of the organisations..............................................6
Examine leadership development programme from NHS Leadership Academy ...............................8
Evaluate the programme and analyse the elements..............................................................................8
Analyse and evaluate benefits of leadership programme.....................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and behaviour both plays a very important role for the success of every business
organization. The leader is a person who encourage the employees towards achieving the goal and
objective of business organization within given period of time. On the other hand, the management
of company make effective strategy, policies and procedure in order to perform business activities
and functions within given time period. In relation of TESCO, the leader focuses on motivating
subordinates to work well within company. Whereas, the manager focuses on build appropriate plan
of action for accomplishing objective in stipulated time period. They both imposes direct impact on
productivity and performance of business organization in order to increase future success and
growth of business organization. In addition to this, the academic theory directly affect the activities
and functions which is performed by company. This report is carried out on the basis of TESCO. It
is one of the largest chain of supermarket located in UK which deal in wide variety of product and
services. The main objective of the leader and manager is to stimulate the confidence level of
subordinate towards performing well in company. This report shows different leadership theory
which impact the productivity of company. Also they discuss about conducting effective training
and development session for increasing the skill and knowledge of individual in order to perform
well in the company. Along with this, they discuss about leadership development program for NHS
academy. Therefore, they shows how leadership and management both affect the productivity and
proficiency of business organization.
Illustrate the theories of leadership and management.
Leadership and Management both play a vital role in success of any organisation. Leadership is
meant by influencing people to share a common goal and work for it whereas Management is to
arrange various tasks and operations of a company in a way as they are expected to happen. The
goal of an effective management and leadership is to deliver suitable and sustainable services to the
people. It is possible only if the key assets such as human resources, monetary values, hardware and
other measures are properly coordinated. Great leaders must need to be great managers as great
managers must acquire leadership skills to win (Renz, 2016).

There are various theories which describe the relations and differences about the essential
qualities of leadership and management. Both of these are vital for every organisation for their
existence(Thorpe,2016).
In context of TESCO which is one of the well established chain of supermarkets in UK, the
manager focuses on leading and managing the team members in such a way that can balance the
organisation and keeps workforce influenced.
.
To understand the importance of Leadership and Management, the individual description of each of
them can be studied below-
Leadership
Leadership can be defined as an art of motivating and guiding people to achieve the goals
and objectives in a determined way. Leadership consist of several qualities which make it similar to
management and there are some which make it different. Management is considered as a source of
managing things in an organised manner. Management exists in every organisation as it is the root
of it.
Leadership lets the subordinates follow their team leaders and come ahead to put efforts for
a shared vision. In context of TESCO, the team leaders and managers apply the formative style of
democratic leadership to attain the desired goals of the company.(Armstrong, 2016).
Democratic leadership can be understood as a type of leadership where a leader
acknowledges the required changes, hears the voice of subordinates and support them to achieve
expected growth of the organisation.
Management
Management is the process of administrating various activities and jobs to set up the
strategies and attain organisational objective. A manager aims to unite all available resources within

an organisation including workforce and other resources to bring out the best outcomes.(Berry,
2019).
Leadership and management both are equally essential for each other. It is important to
realize that leadership is a crucial part of management. It is the leadership that makes management
more effective. A good manager must be a good leader in order to encourage his team to participate
in acquiring the goals and objectives of the company. With reference of TESCO, the leaders and
managers follow Strategic Management to control and manage the operational activities of the
organisation. Strategic management includes strategic decisions which are developed by the
authority after having an effective communication with the employees. They admire and encourage
the employees for better performance to help them do quality work.
Differences between Leadership and Management
 Leadership differs from Management because of several reasons, which are-A manager
develops the strategies, decisions and procedures for an organisation’s operations while a
leader guide the path by representing the long term vision of the company and influencing
the employees to work for it. In case of TESCO, the leaders and managers take appropriate
actions for betterment of their employees.
 Management consists of activities such as planning, arranging, recruiting, selecting and
controlling while leadership involves the guiding functions such as influencing, directing,
constructing relations, task completions etc. In relation of TESCO, the managers remember
to make reliable steps for ease of management and easy process.
 A leader’s authority is based on his subordinates while a manager’s authority is defined by
his role and job position in the organisation. In reference of TESCO, the leaders focus on
building better terms with their team workers and do not misuse the power of authority.
 A manager works under the rules and regulations of the company while leaders’ decisions
are inspired by their gut feelings. The real leaders are the risk takers. They focus on having

high goals while keeping the safe side of organisation for its welfare. (Dopson, 2019).
 Management is more about written communication while leadership is quite much about
verbal communication. A true leader or manager is the one who can lead a team with an
effective tone of communication. In context of TESCO, the managers or team leaders
encourage the employees with great messages and efficient speeches.
 Management is responsible to deal with the technical and procedural activities of an
organisation while leadership is responsible for workforce direction and expected results.
With reference of TESCO, the team leaders are committed to their duties and liabilities.
Leadership provides the strength and boost to a management which is under performing.
Leaders play an important role by restructuring the workforce dimension and their encouragement
towards the work.
Similarities between leadership and management
 A leader and a manager both focus on the workforce of the organisation. They both give
consideration to the supervision of their team. In context of TESCO, the managers and
leaders give quite much value to their team and support them completely.(.Pitcher,2019).
 Leadership and management both are identified with the given outcomes. They both are
completely concerned about the results for an organisation’s better progress. In case of
TESCO, the leaders apply suitable techniques to acquire favourable outputs.
 Several tools or techniques are used in both of them to measure the performance of their
actions. With reference of TESCO, the managers focus on specific and effective technical
measures to attain the right information of growth.
 This a very important element to define the similarity between leadership and management
that they both are almost dependent on effective communication to deliver information and
get the work done accordingly. In case of TESCO, the team leaders and managers prefer to

be effective communicators to develop trust among their subordinates and convince them to
follow.
There are different theories of leadership which is important for executing business activities and
functions in appropriate manner that is going to be mentioned below:
Contingency Theory:This theory specifies that the leadership style is change according to
the different condition and circumstances which occur within business organization. The behaviour
and attitude of leader based on the condition arise during the stipulated period of time. It has been
analysed that there is no unique leadership style that is apply to all condition as well as situations.
According to the scholar Hodgson, the perfect leadership is that which maintain the balance
between need, behaviour as well as context in effective manner. In assistance to this, they have not
only right abilities and talent but they also assess the need and want of their subordinates in
different situations. In relation to TESCO, the attitude and behaviour of leader alter according to the
various situation that arise in the company. They also have knowledge and skill regarding how to
behave in different condition in order to achieve goal and objective within short span of time. It is
well said, there is no one style of leadership that is best for all circumstances they alter time to
time .Along with this, the leader of this company build the balance between need, attitude and
background. There are various employees come from different culture as well as background. It is
the responsibility of leader to manager the business activities and operations in effective manner.
The main purpose of leader to provide good working environment to its employees in order to
increase their performance level. It helps them boosting future sales as well as productivity of
business organization. They also focuses on resolving the conflicts and issues arises in the
organization for encouraging the employees towards completing the work within a fixed time
period.(Wu, 2019).
Behavioural Theory:In this theory, the leader focuses on specifying the behaviour and
attitude of leader within business organization. In addition to this, they emphasized on the actions of
leader for achieving the goal and objective of company within stipulated period of time. It is

important for leader to have a good communication skill in order to interact with the member
regarding the mission as well as vision of the company. In addition to this, the behaviour of leader
play a very important role for the success and growth of business organization. It is vital to analyse
how leader behaviour in certain situation and condition which occur within company. In discourse
to TESCO, the leader behaves in a manner that encourage subordinate to perform well in the
organization. In assistance of this, the leader of this company focuses on three type of skill such as
human, technical as well as conceptual skill. It is vital for leader to have a skill, knowledge and
ability regarding the technology. Also they must have the competence and talent to interact with
person in an effective manner. Along with this, the leader bring the innovative ideas and thoughts
for smoothly running the activities and functions of business organization. Therefore, the leader of
TESCO should have these three skill in order to take new ideas within workplace. It helps them in
accelerating sales and growth of the company in future period of time. The main purpose of
company is to motivate staff member to perform their work well for achieving the goal and
objective of company within given period of time. The leader of TESCO focuses on these three type
of skill which is going to be mentioned below:
Human skills: The leader of TESCO communicate with its employees in effective manner in
order to achieve goal and objective of business organization within a given period of time. (Clark,
2019).
Technical skill:The leader must have the knowledge regarding implementation of advanced
technology for performing work well in the business organization. The leader of TESCO uses the
latest technology for performing the work quickly.
Conceptual skill:The leader of TESCO bring the new as well as innovative ideas for
operating its business activities and function in an appropriate manner. It helps the employees in
performing their work in less time period. It helps in boosting future sales as well as productivity
level.
It is important for the success of business organization to follow all these leadership style in

appropriate manner. In addition to this, it is vital to analyse how leader behave in organization for
achieving goal and objective within short span of time
Analyse the training, development and leadership of the organisations
In organisation, training is essential because it help both firm as well as employee to
enhance their productivity and increase efficiency of business. Training is implemented on the basis
two types of methods such as on the job training and off the jo training. It depends upon the firm to
choose which type of training and it requires a effective decision making process. On the job
training refers to training which is done within the firm and this is less time consuming and results
are analysed in effective manner. Whereas off the job training refers to training which occurs
outside the firm. This type of training requires huge cost and proper place for implementing training
is required. Mostly on the job training is being selected by organisations In this, approach is based
upon practical. Everyone in the firm participate equally and which results in two way
communication. Also, learning in on the job training is acquired by performing because it is all
about practical approach. This is required mostly by those firms which are m,anufacturing firms.
Training& Development
Off the job training is totally based upon thneoretical approach and in this learning is
acquired by knowledge and skills. Mostly this training is implemeneted by expert or professionals
and which leads chances of leass errors and conflicts. This is used by those firms or where location
is important and mobility of job roles is more. In context to TESCO, they use both the training
depending upon the situations and work. On the job training is used at time of induction and
manageas well as handeled by mangers and leaders of the firm. Off the job training is used by firm
so that customer behaviour is analysed in proper manner. Without training it is impossible to
achieve the goals and objectives in proper manner. Also, it assists employees to understand the
importance of work, roles and responsibilities so that they become well aware about organisation

culture. In relation with TESCO, managers and HR of the company decided to implement which
type of training within the firm. (Renshaw,2019).
Development is also essential as it helps in groomings and enhancing the skills set that an
individual have in the organisation. It is important for every organisation focus on development of
both subordinates as well as firm. With help of development, employee are able to examine their
weak spot and it become easy for them to make changes in the weak section. It is a continous proces
s as well as time consuming . In relation with TESCO, they use the development so that
improvement of both organisation and subordinates are done in effective and proper manner.
Leadership-
To achieve the goals as well as objectives in proper manner it is important for the firm to
have a leader who push employees and workers to complete the assigned task within a period of
time. Leadership refers to influencing the others decision to get the work done. It play vital role in
ehancing firm productivity and efficiency. Not every employee have leadership skills that is why it
is said that leaders are by born. There are various types of leadership style which are used by the
leaders in the organisation which are mentioned below-
 Directive leadership style- This style of leadership depicts that guidance is important in a
team. Without direction and proper guidance by the leader subordinates are unable to
deliever the results. In relation with TESCO, there manager of the company use directive
leadership style so that members of the team perform in better way.
 Supportive leadership style- Further comes the supportive leadership in which managers
as well as leaders help and the employees both professionally as well as mentally so that
they are able to focus on the works or role assigned to them. In relation with TESCO,
whenever employee face problems weather it is personal or professional it is solved by team
leader or manger in appropriate manner. (Walumbwa, 2019).

 Participative leadership style- This type of leadership style in which members of the team
are involved in decision making effectively. Managers as well as leaders allows everyone to
put their ideas and thoughts which leads to increase in morale. Mangers of TESCO are
understandable and freedom of expression is enjoyed by all the team members. With help of
participate leadership style, subordinates are able to achieve goals and objectives at higher
level.
 Achievement Oriented- Then comes the achievement oriented in which managers as well
as leaders in the organisation put difficult tasks and challenges so that employee capability is
known and this results in rise in confidence of the personnel. In relation TESCO, managers
of the comapany use this style to determine the performance level of employee and calibere
to deal with threats.
After analysing the above matter, it is stated that training, development and leadershp are
essential part of the business. They help in enhancing the firm productivity, efficiency and output
level in proper manner. Without these concepts entities cannot carry out their activities in and
business functions as well as operations cannot be done in effective manner.
Examine leadership development programme from NHS Leadership Academy
Leadership in the firm is required at every phase of business. Leaders makes employee
motivated so that they task, goals and objectives are achieved in proper manner. There are various
leadership styles which are essential for the business and are used by leaders according to their traits
and what is best suitable for employee. Leadership styles such as supportive, participative etc.
Every manager and leaders use these style according to the traits and behaviours. There are various
leadership programme which are run by people in the market and society. In UK, NHS academy is
one which implement various types of programmes so that leadership skills are developed which
leads to positive outcomes and patient care as well as experience. They provide various types of
programmes which are mentioned below-
 Edward Jenner Programme- This is the oldest programme which is run by NHS. In this,
mostly it focuses on health and care, clinical and non- cliical staff, and provide qulaity of
servivces. This is most flexible programme and it assits in overall growth and
development. With help of this programme, handling of patients, facing the challenges are

being learned in appropriate manner. (Grunberg, 2019).
 Mary Seacole Programme- Further comes the Mary Seacole Programme which inlcudes
real time workplace system in which theory which has been learnt is applied into real world
or practices. This programme is basically for six months and lerners can use this programme
according to their preferences. In this, coordination and cooperation is estbalished easily
which results in proper evaluation of performance and growth. It also increases the
confidence of the learner as real situations are faced and properly handled by learner. With
help of this programme, confidence, capability and abilities are analysed in proper manner,
 Rosalind Franklin Programme- This is the most used programme in NHS, because of its
services provide to the learners such as home video learning, extended period and health
care facilities. In this programme it depcits that change is important in leadership and should
be adopted in appropriate manner. Time period of this programme is nine months and
learners uses this for improving their skills and knowledge, It require effective measurement
and a determining the need of learner.
 Elizabeth Garerett Anderson- This programme states that senior and junior lvel both arec
important in business. With help of this programme, leaders uses themselves to accept the
challenges and threats in proper manner. (Guru, 2017).
Evaluate the programme and analyse the elements
Leadership is essentials part of business and it helps the organisation to implement
programmewhich so that every individual within the firm is able to learn the leadership skills. This
results in achieving the goals and objective in proper manner. Thus, it is crucial for firm as well as
individual to use these programmes in effective manner. There are various types of leadership
programs which are mentioned below-
 Teamwork- In this, employees who are entitled to finish the project learn importance of
coordination, coorporation and working together.
 Mentoring- This elements shows that subordinates in the firm learn by examining their
mentor how they do work and and accomplish it within a gtime period.
 Coaching- Further comes the learning from people who have experienced in the same field
and analysing their behaviour.
Structure of Leadership programme

A leadership programme is broader and wider concept which need huge time and effective
decision making. So, to implement decision making within the firm it is crucail to examine the
sructure of leadership programmes which are discussed below-
 Face to face Workshops- These refers to workshops which are created for specified period
of time mostky for short period. Face to face workshops are effective and are not time
consuming.
 Online Learninng- In toaday's world, everyone is using digitalisation at broader level.
Online learning refers to giving the knowledge and ideas through e-comeerce websites or
apps. ( Wart, 2019).
 Group Discussions- Further comes the group discusiion in which few members discuss
about the topic and speak on that topic. With help of GD every imdividual perception is
evaluated in proper manner.
Training methods-
 Lecture- This is type of training method in which leaders share the ideas, thoughts and
experience from the field which the leader possess. For example- a scientist will speak about
the resarch, rockets, tools and equipments etc.
 Role playing- Another type of learning training method is role playing in which a role is
assigned to learner and is being countered by the leader or other employee.
After a brief analysis of above paragraph it is concluded that leadership programme includes
process and structure which helps the learner to understand the concept of leadership programme in
effective manner.
Analyse and evaluate benefits of leadership programme
Leadership programme play vital role in developing the personality and behaviour of the
employees within the firm. Theses programmes act as source through which knowledge and skills
are developed in proper manner. In organisation, they help employees to learn and develop their
weak spot. There are various progtrammes which have been used by NHS Uk. All the programmes
states that it is important to be well about these leadership programmes so that goals and objectives
are achieved in proper manner. Tthey are beneficial for employeess, individual and organisation so
that skills as well as knowledge is developed in appropriate manner. (Maunder,2019).
Individual
 Leadership programmes are for both individual as well as organisational. As an individual

these programmmes assits them in identifying their skills and knowledge.
 These programmes help in examining the working style of clinical as well as non clinical
staff.
 Expirience of individual person is increased and asists them in future perpectives. By
gaining experience they are able to deal with nw challneges and tasks.
 Knowledge and skills are developed at rapid level and discipline is eastblished within the
individual.
 By using leadership programme it helps in retaining as an individual at appropriate manner.
 Individuals are able to make effective decision in the process and which helps them in
increase their thinking.
 New ideas and thoughts takes place at fast pace and which assits in better performance.
 Capability and calibre to manage and handle the problems are easliy indentified when there
is use of leadership programmes.(afvelin, 2019)
Organisation-
 In an organisation, leadership programmes are able to provide them with efficient resources.
 Leadership programmes helps in adopting the change and which makes firm flexible and it
increases enterprise goodwill.
 New strategies as well as tactics are implemented when these programmes are used in the
organisation.
 It also helps in enhancing the productivity of the business.
After a brief analysis of above matter it is seen that leadership programmes provide benfits
to both organisation as well as individual. Proper market research and decision making is important
while selecting the leadership programmes.

CONCLUSION
After a brief analysis of above report it is concluded that leadership and management are
crucial part of organisation. Without these two firm cannot carryout their activities in appropriate
manner. It is important to undersatand the theories of leadership and management. Training,
development and leadership drives the organisation as well as managment to achieve the goals and
objectives in appropriate manner. Leadership programme helps both individual as well as firm to
grow at rapid level. Various types of elements are involved in programme which needs to be
considered in proper manner. Thus, effective decision making is to be done to increase the
performance level of business.

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