Rational Decision-Making Models and Anthony's Triangle

This article discusses rational decision-making models and Anthony's triangle in the context of management. It explains the advantages and disadvantages of the rational model and explores alternative models such as the emergent view, incremental approach, and freewheeling optimism. Suitable for management students.

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Management
4/9/2019

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Introduction
Rational decision-making depends on the scientifically obtained information, which can
decrease the chance of uncertainties, subjectivity, assumptions, distortions, and errors. It can
assist the decision makers to cope with the tough problems in a complex environment. It
makes sure that every individual of the organization is cooperating towards the same aims
and objectives. It demonstrates the stakeholders about clear targets and strategy to be
reviewed (Bryson, 2018).
Explanation of the rational model and Anthony’s triangle
The rational models have been described below-
 Bounded rational decision-making models- It is to be stated that a decision maker
demonstrates the bounded rationality when they reflect fewer options that are
accessible. In this, a decision maker takes efforts to improve the decisions by
choosing the best possible alternative. The rationality of individuals is limited by the
knowledge and time required to deal with the problem as they have time constraints
and cognitive limitations (Cascetta et al., 2015).

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(Kbmanage.com, 2019)
 Vroom-Jago decision model- It is a model, which is utilized by the leaders to decide
whether they should make a choice individually or incorporate a group. In some
business circumstances, it is effective to be the decision maker for the group. It is
itself a decision tree and involves a series of seven yes/no questions that defines the
significant criteria of the five decision-making processes (Lührs et al., 2018).
(decision-making-confidence.com, 2019)
These models incorporate a cognitive procedure where each step follows in a logical order
and comes up with the best possible result.
Anthony's triangle
Anthony’s triangle is determined as an organizational framework, which depicts a
hierarchical aspect of management structure, stated as several operational decision at the
bottom, some tactical decisions in the middle, and significant strategic decisions at the higher
level of the triangle (Ho, 2015).

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(Raina's Reflections, 2019)
Advantages and disadvantages of the rational model
The rational model is a sequential and structured method to decision makers is pursuing to
deliver well-equipped solutions utilizing several procedures. The advantages and
disadvantages of the rational model are described below-
Advantages –
 The rational model to the decision depends upon logically obtained data that permits
informed decision-making as well as decreases the causes for inequitable or poor
judgments.
 It also infuses the decision-making approach with consistency, logic, and discipline.
 It permits the decision making to reach an optimal decision.
 It communicates responsibility with everyone in the organization and caters to
discuss severe issues, which is broken into simple steps and discusses all possible
solutions before arriving at a final decision (Hu, Lai and Dou, 2019).
Disadvantages-
 The rational decision-making approach needs careful consideration, which takes time
and thus unsuitable for quick decisions.
 In this approach, a new strategy is developed, which might rapidly become
inappropriate in a complex environment.

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 This approach utilizes mostly in making policy and long-term decisions despite
operational decisions.
 Rational decision-making is steeped in traditionalism on the aspect of the carefulness
(McCabe, 2016).
Alternative models
Emergent view-
Mintzberg contends that successful and effective strategies can emerge in an enterprise
without deliberate and formal prior planning. Under this approach, a strategy might be tried
and established as it is executed. This is likely to result in a more short-term emphasis than
the rational model. It is stated that to effectively utilizes the emergent approach, the enterprise
needs to have a culture of innovation. The pattern is often made up of the intended strategies
and emergent strategies (Sims, Powell and Vidgen, 2016).
It is stated that strategy might be tried and developed as it is executed. Mintzberg was not
shocked at the failure of the intended strategies, which is to be fully realized as deliberate
strategies. The emergent strategy is a reaction to the unexpected emergencies and on the other
hand, the realized strategy is superior to the intended strategy (Shah et al., 2015).
Incremental approach
It is the concept of the setting a long-term strategy, which recommends that the enterprises
wish to move from position A to position B. The enterprise can take this move in one larger
step for which they can select incremental approach. Lindblom suggested that how
administrators ‘muddle through’ bold strategic initiative. He argued that it is unlikely to
perceive a strategic planner wisely to attain predetermined goals. The strategic choice takes

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place by relating potential alternatives against each other, which delivers effective outcome
(DeMatthews, Mungal and Carrola, 2015).
Freewheeling optimism
It is stated that it is the alternative to have a long-term strategic plan is having a little plan.
Freewheeling opportunism is an aspect that recommends that an enterprise does not require
formal business planning as it should always remain open to opportunities. It is described as a
term that is used to define the essentially reactive process of management as a choice for
strategic planning.
The effectiveness of the rational approach
It is to be stated that the rational approach is the most effective approach to offer the standard
for effective decision-making. It can be very useful when making a high-value decision that
can provide an advantage from the assistance of several tools, knowledge of experts, and
processes. It will fulfil the situations of the deductive completeness and logical consistency. It
also identifies and accesses the data and information that can enhance cooperation based on
the facts.
It is to be stated that the Bounded rationality model is the most significant part of the
outcome of decisions based on the method that is utilized in making decisions. As compared
to the emergent approach in Honda, this states that they are setting up a subsidiary to acquire
250cc and 350cc machines to current motorcycle enthusiasts (Mustafa et al., 2018).
Conclusion
In conclusion, it has been stated that rational decision-making is effective and profitable in
selecting the best alternative accessible. Their main objective is to arrive at a final decision,
which will decrease the cost and improve the benefits. In the above, the discussion has been
made on the Bounded rationality of decision-making that concentrates on the human mind
that evaluates and process the information that is accessible. It is evident that an incremental
approach also takes an effective part in strategic planning.

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