Making Sense of Society: The Sociological Imagination
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This study explores the concept of sociological imagination and its impact on social inequality. It discusses gender socialization, theories related to social inequality and globalization, and discrimination based on gender. It also highlights the importance of laws and acts in promoting equality.
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Making Sense of Society the Sociological Imagination 1
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Table of Contents Making Sense of Society the Sociological Imagination..................................................................1 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 What is social inequality and migration & globalization.............................................................3 Gender socialization.....................................................................................................................4 Theories related to social inequality and globalization................................................................4 Creation of gender identity in society..........................................................................................5 Gender roles in past and contemporary society...........................................................................5 Discrimination based on gender with appropriate laws...............................................................5 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7 2
INTRODUCTION Sociological imagination refers a practice of being able and having ability to think ourselves away from familiar routine of daily lives. An individual in sociological imagination tries to put himself away from situation and think from an alternative point of viewNorgaard, (2018). This present study is going to show effects of social inequality as how it affects performance and mentality of people. It will also discuss problems which Jennifer Lawrence faced due to wage inequality as gender inequality. Further, it will discuss some laws which are protecting people especially females against discrimination and unequal behaviour of society members. Anti discrimination, gender equality are some acts. Parson and conflict sociology theory also helps people in changing their perception and promoting equality in society. What is social inequality and migration & globalization Social inequality refers an unequal distribution of resources, treatment and opportunities for different social position to some group of people in the society. Unequal treatment to some group of people in society is known as social inequality which is mainly being done on the basis of gender and income. There are several factors which lead and contribute to social inequality like perception of people, increasing rate or crimes towards girls and income gap between the poor and the richHurst, Gibbon & Nurse, (2016). There are some examples of popular and famous person who have experienced this inequality such as:Ellen Pao, Jennifer Lawrence. Jennifer Lawrence, American actress has experienced wage inequality in Hollywood industry. She stated that as compare to male counterparts, females, or she got less money and initially she hesitated to speak on this. But after thinking out that it is unlikeable and not good for people and it may bring changes, she open up on her experience with wage inequality only because of genderJennifer Lawrenceon Wage Inequality, (2015). Migration and globalization are 2 different terms but are linked with each other. Globalization is the main reason of migration. Globalization is a process of international trade or interdependence of world's culture and population. Globalization and increased competition, advanced technology is putting pressure on skilled workers to move on in developed countries. This international movement of people to a particular or a destination country where they do not posses citizenship and settle as permanent resident because of job and other purpose in known a migrationRapoport, (2016). 3
Gender socialization It can be defined as a process and way by which children of societies learn about social expectations, attitudes of people towards boys and girls and are being made aware about different attitude of society towards people and reasons. In this process children are being taught that how they have to behave with girls and boys and this learning lead gender and social inequality. Boys and girls are expected to act, perform activities in different manner such as girls are expected to talk less with others, be at home, do not go outside and boys are expected to play, go outside, earn money and dominate to girlsAmin & et.al. (2018). In the context of Jennifer Lawrence it can be said that she has experienced wage inequality in Hollywood film industry. She stated that this problem is hard to relate and making people understand that males are more likely to get more money than girls but she said that it is not about wages as it is about gendered inequality. This initiation ofLawrencecreated several problems and some people said that it is unlikable and many people accused her. Theories related to social inequality and globalization It is important for people to make others and children aware about importance of promoting equality and providing equal and fair treatment to all. It can be possible when they can make use of relevant theories. Parson theory:One of the best theory related to social action is Parson. As per the parson social action theory, people and society members need to provide equal treatment and they can make better decision when they have an accurate understanding of individual's traits and behaviors, knowledge of labour market etc. Social and personality system plays an important role in guiding people and molding behaviors of society members towards male and females Parson's Theory,(2019). conflict theory:This theory states that society is in a state of conflict because of competition as due to lack or limited resources, all people try to seek access to resources. It is all because of inequality and favoritism of society members towards the rich. This theory suggests that society members needs to work in a team so that all members can have access and make better use of resources by equal distribution. 4
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Creation of gender identity in society Gender and social inequality becomes the reason of migration. Due to unequal treatment and allocation of resources, some group of people immigrate to other countries for earning money and having access to basic resources and needs.Gender identify can be defined as personal conception of oneself as male and female. In the context of formation of gender identify and behaviour of society members towards boys and girls, it can be said that it forms by observation, Children observe their elders and imitate gender linked behaviorsBradford & et.al. (2019). For example: if one of the family member treat females in a different manner than males and when children observe them then they also treat their male and female friends in different manner. So, it can be said that formation of social and other inequality starts in families. Gender roles in past and contemporary society Gender roles means ways in which males and females are expected to act and perform activities, dress, groom themselves etc. If we compare gender roles in past with this modern era or contemporary society then it can be said that several changes have been made till now because of technology, media development, development of policies and others. In ancient or past, gender roles were specified as females or girls were expected to be in home, not to go outside for job, not to play with boys, after marriage be in veil, do household chores etc. Whereas, males or boys were expected to earn money, do not perform activities related to household, play outside, wear whatever they want to wear and also dominate to girls Pushkareva & Zolotukhina, (2018). But now in modern era, things have been changed after development of legislations, girls are allowed to wear western clothes, earn money, play outside and be as like males. But still there are some cultures and societies where women are not allowed to do all these things. Things related to gender roles have been changed as there is no specific and set criteria for gender roles in some cultures and societies. So, overall it can be said that it has been changed to come extent and need to be developed in all rest of areas. Discrimination based on gender with appropriate laws Therearedifferenttypesofdiscriminationofunfairorunequaltreatmentlike discrimination on the basis of mental health, age, race, ethnicity and gender. Gender is one of the main basis which is found at all place in society, at workplace or organizations. One of the main 5
exampleofgenderdiscriminationisJenniferLawrence.Sexualharassment,wages discrimination on the basis of gender, lack promotional and other opportunities to females are some examples of gender discrimination. But after development of policies and legislations related to discrimination, perception has been changed of people and it has also made changes at workplace as well. Equalityact2010:Thisactisbeingdevelopedforprotectingpeopleagainst discrimination and allow them to seek for equal treatment at workplace. Sex discrimination, race discrimination and for other discrimination there were different acts but now all acts have been replaced with anti discrimination actImportance of Equality Act 2010, (2017). As per this anti discrimination act, any people if they find unequal treatment on any basis can file lawsuit against companies and get equal treatment. Human rights act:There are several rights have been given to people like rights to freedom, equal treatment and others. So, by making use of this act, females and other people who have experienced unequal societal and other treatment like Jennifer Lawrence can seek for equal treatment. CONCLUSION From the above study it has been summarized that social inequality create several problems for people and the society as a whole. Globalization and due to globalization, immigration of people have also both positive and negative effects and due to immigration, developed countries are getting developed and richer than developing countries. It has also shown effectiveness of laws related to inequality as it has changed perception of people towards girls and it has eliminated gender inequality, social inequality to some extent. Further, it has also discussed negative effects of discrimination and unequal distribution of resources in society among some group of people and putting pressure on innocent people to move on in other countries. 6
REFERENCES Books and journals Amin, A. & et.al. (2018). Addressing gender socialization and masculinity norms among adolescent boys: policy and programmatic implications. Journal of Adolescent Health. 62(3). S3-S5. Bradford, N. J. & et.al. (2019). Creating gender: A thematic analysis of genderqueer narratives. International Journal of Transgenderism. 20(2-3). 155-168. Hurst, C. E., Gibbon, H. M. F., & Nurse, A. M. (2016). Social inequality: Forms, causes, and consequences. Routledge. Norgaard, K. M. (2018). The sociological imagination in a time of climate change.Global and Planetary Change. 163. 171-176. Pushkareva, N., & Zolotukhina, M. (2018). Women's and Gender Studies of the Russian Past: two contemporary trends. Women's History Review. 27(1). 71-87. Rapoport, H. (2016). Migration and globalization: what’s in it for developing countries?. International Journal of Manpower. Online JenniferLawrenceonWageInequality.2015.[Online].Availablethrough <https://www.vogue.com/article/jennifer-lawrence-wage-inequality-lenny-essay> ImportanceofEqualityAct2010.2017.[Online].Availablethrough <https://www.executivecompass.co.uk/blog/general/importance-equality-act-2010- tendering/> Parson'sTheory.2019.[Online].Availablethrough <https://www.careers.govt.nz/resources/career-practice/career-theory-models/parsons- theory/> 7