Unemployment and Social Class

This assignment delves into the relationship between unemployment, social class, and their impact on individuals' lives and experiences. It draws upon Karl Marx's theories on social class to understand how unemployment influences people's socioeconomic standing. The paper examines various economic factors contributing to unemployment, emphasizing the role of government policies in mitigating this issue.

Making Sense of
Society 2

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFRENCES ...............................................................................................................................6
.................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Society is consist as large group of people who are stay together in an systematic manner
in which they make decision on the basis of discussion (Christiano, Trabandt and Walentin,
2011). They share the work which is necessary to be done for welfare of people and society. It
can also be described as a community of people who are living in a similar region, country and
share their culture, custom and laws. It is an organised group with some set of general thoughts.
Marxism is considered as a social and economical system which is based on political and
economical theories which are prescribed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It is a concept of
socio-economic analysis. The major work of this concept is to analyse societal and relations
issues with the use of materialist representation of historical development or a dialectical view of
social modification.
MAIN BODY
The term society is a wide term in which people are in the form of groups who shares
some similar set of norms, rules, culture and beliefs. In society people live together and make
decision on the basis of elements that are use full for their life. Marx's theory is a wide concept of
an economic and social system which is based on some set of theories and philosophy. Marxists
believe that the conversion from capitalism to socialism is an essential aspect of development of
society and culture. The philosophy of Marxist classified into western Marxism which consist
different sources or the major official philosophy in the soviet union. It implements from late and
mid of 19th century. Marxist theory considered as an effective methodology which is used in
historical materialism that includes socio-political and economic inquiry to measuring the
progress of capitalism or effective role of class struggle in a systematic economic modification.
According to view point of Marxists the class conflict which are arising with capitalism is related
with identifying relationship between high productivity and social production that are performed
by proletariat who are called as private owners and the profitability products are manufactured
by minority population who are known as bourgeoisie. The correlation between relations of
productions and forces are increasingly going towards crises. The bourgeoisie or its managerial
activities are ineffectual to make a significant management to the intensifying disaffection of
labour that the working class experiences, albeit with varying high degree of class cognitive state
until getting the social revolutions result. The establishment of socialism is based on long term
1

outcome of revolution (Feather, 2012). Socialism consist as socio-economic system that is
depend on social ownership of various productions. Distribution play an essential role in society
which is based on individual's contribution and the production is managed for use. Relations of
production is determined as a concept which is implement by Karl Marx in the theory of
historical materialism. The relation of production Marx defines that the total sum of social
relationships in which people get involved in respect to survive, produce and reproduce their
substance of life. For getting stable and permanent structure people usually go and take
participation in social relationships. The concept of relations of productions are based on two
important reasons which are mention as under:
 The German word verhaltnis is defined as relation, proportion or ratio. The relation ship can
be in the form of quantitative and qualitative.
 Marx can describes the relations to technological, social and economical relationship.
Marx and Engels widely use this theory to describe socio-economic relationships and its
characteristics of a certain period of time. Relations of production after a brief investigation Karl
concluded that labourers sell products under capitalism on the basis of labour power rather than
their labour. With the establishment of new dimension of analysis Marx was able to outbuilding
his own dependence on the genetic term based on division of labour in the form of
conceptualization what happens in the function of production. He pointed the term relation of
production to describes as a specific social relations in the form of production. Analysis of
struggle and class division is essential in developing mutual understanding of the cause of
capitalism. According to the point of view of Mark classes are described and managed by the
different relations that are concerning on various aspects such as work and labour, possession
and ownership of property. These basic economic factors are most important and authorised by
social relationships in capitalism than they did in societies.
Class in capitalism: Bourgeois: The owner and authoritarian of capital, purchasing, increasing power of
labour, expansion of capital, surplus value for employment of labours are the bourgeoisie
or capitalist. Expansion of capital is an important element which can be done by
increasing number of labour for production. Wealth is using for making it self expensive
with the use of exploitation and employment of labour (Fuchs and Mosco, 2012). The
bourgeoisie starts to area of medieval Europe through the progress of traders,
2

craftspersons, merchants, industrialists, manufacturers and many others who are putting
their affords for developing wealth from commerce, trade and firm. For expanding their
function of operation it is required for them to large freedom to products that are
available at market place and explore activities related with economy. In the effective
participation against social system authorities this class play an effective role. Proletariat: they are the administrator of power and large number of owners to labour
power without utilising any resources than the skills to perform their task with hands,
bodies or minds. These kind of labours are not having any kind of property as their own
in respect to live on and maximising income for their own and family. Employer mainly
concentrated on employment for progress and growth. Working for an authoritarian or
capitalist employer in an consumptive social relationship. This kind of exploitative work
can automatically and regularly reproduced their self (Heinrich, 2013). Land lords: Marx explains landlords and landowners as a class which is located in
Britain. These were very essential for historical purpose and hold their wealth. They
consist as a class of marginal in which dominant and powerful lost their position and role
in the function of productions or industry of society. For the purpose of transforming
wealth in land into capital form landowners who are able to do this. Petty bourgeoisie and middle class: The lower and middle class of petty bourgeoisie
consist as manufacturer, producer, shopkeeper, artisan and the peasant. In this people
have owned something, but these are not enough for employees and workers to done
some work. These kind of people usually make affords in respect of survive, they have
dual state such as workers or owner of property. Member of this class are classified into
various parts as per their interests , mainly they focuses on conserving private property
and its rights (Rothstein, 2011). Note on the middle class: The problem of middle class is the major issue of Marxian
theory . Marxist perform to display that the middle class is declining or polarization of
society and it is categorized into two different classes. It play an important role as strong
tendency among capitalism. The successful member of middle class become part of
bourgeoisie class and unsuccessful would be included in proletariat. Lumpen-proletariat: Marx play an important role in describing social scum and
dangerous class. The member of this class are more adventurous, vagabonds, discharged
3

soldiers, pickpockets, discharged jailbirds, brothel keeper, rag picker, baggers and fun
loving. Marx does not consider this group in any bourgeoisie. These class considered as
to have a progressive influences (MARX and JITOMIRSKAYA, 2016).
 Peasantry and farmers: They are more inoperative, disorganized, dispersed and
incapable to make modification and changes. This class is mainly tend to disappear and
becoming displaced through land and emerging the working class. The more successful
person of this field become capitalist or owner of land.
Unemployment is the most popular microeconomic diseases across the globe. Large number of
faces this problem. The people who want to work for their well being of life but not getting any
job and employment this situation may cause unemployment. An individual is considered
unemployed if in any condition people does not have any kind of job or work and is ready to
perform. The total number of unemployed in a system in the various people are working age
who are capable and consenting to work in existing pay levels and have a work. The two major
norms of an economic financial condition are the rising unemployment through falling gross
domestic profit. The modification in result evaluated by calculating the GDP and the changes in
unemployment are identified by calculating the rate of unemployment. For the calculation of
unemployment rate the statistical has to be collected from various resources such are conducting
marketing survey. It is a best way to collecting appropriate data that are relevant for measuring
the total range of unemployment. Various country use different methods for measuring
unemployment because it is major issue among the globe which need to be resolved for
improving wealth of country. Employment and unemployment start with a common frame work.
Science the great recession of December many developing and advanced capitalist country
experienced very high range of unemployment such as united kingdom faces more than 9.3
percent, Egypt faces less than 19 percent unemployment (Pigou, 2013). The literature of
economic gives various explanations for the issue of unemployment. Some cause of affects the
economic system because the profit margin of country is less because of unemployment. Some
other theory explains that different technology, unpredictable events, external sources and labour
market institutions are major elements of the issue of unemployment. Some deficiencies in
multiple spending and innovations are the important factors elaborating the issues.
The classical theory of unemployment is established by Solow and Pigou. According to them the
labour market considering the demand and supply of labour. Demand for labour refers total
4

demand which is gained by the decrease portion of the marginal good of worker. The curve of
demand play as a negative function of function of wage increases the total quantity demand for
labour will be decreased (O’Reilly, Paper and Marx, 2012). They actual supply of labour is refers
from the choice of employees in which they spend some time in working or in some time not
working. The positive and effective function of real wage is supply wages for hourly works. Full
employment recognises as that there is no unemployment. Frictional unemployment is based on
going real wage rate. The main reason op endurance of friction unemployment is the changing
nature of labour marketing. The information which is gathered better job opportunists and
variation in demand of labour market such as operation of new plant and closing the previous
one. Unemployment insurance is helpful in determining the duration of frictional unemployment.
According to the opinion of Wicksell if the total wages are sufficient for production then this
decrease can managing full employment. For businessman cheaper credit is most effective
measure for unemployment.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report it has been concluded that society is an important element in
which group of people live together for making their life more effective and making decision on
the basis of majority discussion. For benefits of human welfare the share some set of work which
leads to a comfortable life style. The theory of Karl Marx has described that work has an
effective impact on the field of sociology in which it describes that how an individual's class has
a direct or indirect influence on peoples life chance and experiences. Karl Marx is one of the
famous scientist who focuses on social class. As per his focus social class describes individual's
social life. Unemployment is the major issue of world. Unemployment arises when large number
of people are willing to do job but they are not having any kind of job as their own. The
important theories of unemployment advice that there are so many variables available for
Improving the the total level of employment and decreasing the rate of unemployment. The
variable are depend on expectation of high range of growth and profit. Government play a
significant role in the condition of unemployment because it is a major reason of effecting
overall economic condition of country.
5

REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Christiano, L.J., Trabandt, M. and Walentin, K., 2011. Introducing financial frictions and
unemployment into a small open economy model. Journal of Economic Dynamics and
Control. 35(12). pp.1999-2041.
Feather, N.T., 2012. The psychological impact of unemployment. Springer Science & Business
Media.
Fuchs, C. and Mosco, V., 2012. Introduction: Marx is back–the importance of Marxist theory and
research for critical communication studies today. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism
& Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society. 10(2).
pp.127-140.
Heinrich, M., 2013. Crisis Theory, the Law of the Tendency of the Profit Rate to Fall, and Marx's
Studies in the 1870s. Monthly Review. 64(11). p.15.
MARX, C. and JITOMIRSKAYA, S., 2016. Dynamics and spectral theory of quasi-periodic
Schrödinger-type operators. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems, pp.1-41.
O’Reilly, K., Paper, D. and Marx, S., 2012. Demystifying grounded theory for business research.
Organizational Research Methods. 15(2). pp.247-262.
Pigou, A.C., 2013. Theory of unemployment. Routledge.
Rothstein, J., 2011. Unemployment insurance and job search in the Great Recession (No.
w17534). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Shimer, R., 2012. Reassessing the ins and outs of unemployment. Review of Economic
Dynamics. 15(2). pp.127-148.
Weiss, A., 2014. Efficiency wages: Models of unemployment, layoffs, and wage dispersion.
Princeton University Press.
Online
What is Marx theory. 2015. [Online]. Available
through:<http://uregina.ca/~gingrich/s28f99.htm>. [Accessed on 31st July 2017].
6