Malcolm X and His Contribution to African-American Muslims

Running head: MALCOLM X AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSLIMS
MALCOLM X AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSLIMS
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MALCOLM X AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSLIMS
Introduction
The essay will highlight the Black Nationalist leader Malcolm X and his contribution to
the African-American Muslims. Prior to discussing Malcolm X, the essay will first analyze the
definition of a Black Nationalist leader. Then, the essay will talk about the influence the leader
has had on the Pan African movement.
Black Nationalism refers to the political thought type that aims to encourage, progress
and maintain the race identity of the black people (Rickford). The activism revolves mostly
around the political, economic and social empowerment of the black community. The essay will
discuss such a political and social movement by Malcolm X for the African-American Muslims.
Discussion
Malcolm X was an African-American and a Muslim human rights activist who was active
during the civil rights movement. He is known best for his advocacy, which became quite
controversial, for the rights of the black people. While some people devoured him for speaking
out against the white Americans and their atrocities against the black people, others thought that
he propagated racism. Malcolm X had a struggling life with his father being murdered and
mother being sent to mental asylum. His teenage years were spent in foster homes and in 1946;
he was charged with larceny and other crimes and sent to prison. He spent 10 years of his young
life in prison where he joined the the Nation of Islam (NOI). Within a very short time, Malcolm
X became one of the group’s most powerful leaders especially after he was released on parole in
1952. He advocated for the separation of black people from the white American community and
black supremacy. Zoe Colley discusses about the rise of African-American protests in the prisons
that also gave birth to the Nation of Islam. The author states that the American prisons acted as

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MALCOLM X AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO AFRICAN-AMERICAN MUSLIMS
the “locus of black protest and the African-American prisoner as an important, but largely
overlooked, actor within the black freedom struggle” (Colley). Thus, it is understandable that
Malcolm X rose from those prisons and became a strong leader advocating the rights of the black
people.
Malcolm X however rejected the idea of a civil rights movement because he felt that it
propagated racial integration owing to his association with the Nation of Islam. Malcolm also
expressed pride in some of the social achievement s of the country especially the free program of
drug rehabilitation (Mbughuni). Nonetheless, he soon became disillusioned with the group and
he renounced it to embrace Sunni Islam. After his separation from the NOI, he started advocating
racial integration and disowned racism. He then founded the Organization of Afro-American
Unity (OAAU) and the Muslim Mosque, Inc., to give impetus to the pan African movement
including the African-American Islam (Alhassen). After completing hajj, he came to be known
as El-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz. During his time in the prison, he was exposed to NOI founder
Elijah Muhammad who was a very learned man (Crawford). Malcolm was highly influenced by
his knowledge in both religion and politics. After being released from the prison, he wanted to
pass on this religious and political knowledge to the people he had known from the streets prior
to his imprisonment. Most significantly, he wanted to “confront those in power about the
injustices that were perpetrated upon black people”. In 1965, the members of the NOI
assassinated Malcolm.
The influence of Malcolm X was not limited to the African-American Muslims only as it
reached other parts of the world as well. He was at the center of the hip-hop culture of America.
His influence reached as far as Austria. In the 1990s, almost three decades after his assassination,
the thoughts of Malcolm X inspire the young people especially the ones belonging to the Islamic