This learner workbook is for BSBPMG521: Manage project integration. It includes activities, assessments, and competency record. Get all the necessary information and resources for managing project integration.
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Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................1 Candidate Details.............................................................................................................................2 Assessment – BSBPMG521: Manage project integration..............................................................2 Competency Record to be completed by Assessor........................................................................3 Activities...........................................................................................................................................5 Activity 1A......................................................................................................................................5 Activity 1B......................................................................................................................................7 Activity 1C......................................................................................................................................9 Activity 1D...................................................................................................................................11 Activity 1E....................................................................................................................................15 Activity 2A....................................................................................................................................16 Activity 2B....................................................................................................................................18 Activity 2C....................................................................................................................................19 Activity 2D...................................................................................................................................20 Activity 2E....................................................................................................................................23 Activity 2F....................................................................................................................................24 Activity 3A....................................................................................................................................25 Activity 3B....................................................................................................................................27 Activity 3C....................................................................................................................................29 Activity 4A....................................................................................................................................31 Activity 4B....................................................................................................................................33 Activity 4C....................................................................................................................................35 Activity 4D...................................................................................................................................37 Activity 4E....................................................................................................................................39 Activity 5A....................................................................................................................................41 Activity 5B....................................................................................................................................43 Activity 5C....................................................................................................................................45 Activity 5D...................................................................................................................................47 Skills and Knowledge Activity.......................................................................................................49 Major Activity..............................................................................................................................51
Candidate Details Assessment – BSBPMG521: Manage project integration Please complete the following activities and hand in to your trainer for marking. This forms part of your assessment for BSBPMG521: Manage project integration. Name:_____________________________________________________________ Address:_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Email:_____________________________________________________________ Employer:_____________________________________________________________ Declaration I declare that no part of this assessment has been copied from another person’s work with the exception of where I have listed or referenced documents or work and that no part of this assessment has been written for me by another person. Signed:____________________________________________________________ Date:____________________________________________________________ If activities have been completed as part of a small group or in pairs, details of the learners involved should be provided below: This activity workbook has been completed by the following persons and we acknowledge that it was a fair team effort where everyone contributed equally to the work completed. We declare that no part of this assessment has been copied from another person’s work with the exception of where we have listed or referenced documents or work and that no part of this assessment has been written for us by another person. Learner 1:____________________________________________________________ Signed:____________________________________________________________ Learner 2:____________________________________________________________ Signed:____________________________________________________________ Learner 3:____________________________________________________________ Signed:____________________________________________________________
Competency Record to be completed by Assessor Learner Name:_______________________________________________________ Date of Assessment:_______________________________________________________ The learner has been assessed as competent in the elements and performance criteria and the evidence has been presented as: Assessor Initials Authentic Valid Reliable Current Sufficient Learner is deemed:COMPETENTNOT YET COMPETENT (Please circle) If not yet competent, date for re-assessment:____________________________________ Comments from Trainer / Assessor: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Assessor Signature:________________________________________________________
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Observation/Demonstration Throughout this unit, you will be expected to show your competency of the elements through observations or demonstrations. Your instructor will have a list of demonstrations you must complete or tasks to be observed. The observations and demonstrations will be completed as well as the activities found in this workbook. An explanation of demonstrations and observations: Demonstration is off-the-job A demonstration will require: Performing a skill or task that is asked of you Undertaking a simulation exercise Observation is on-the-job The observation will usually require: Performing a work based skill or task Interaction with colleagues and/or customers Your instructor will inform you of which one of the above they would like you to do. The demonstration/observation will cover one of the unit’s elements. The observation/demonstration will take place either in the workplace or the training environment, depending on the task to be undertaken and whether it is an observation or demonstration. Your instructor will ensure you are provided with the correct equipment and/or materials to complete the task. They will also inform you of how long you have to complete the task. You should be able to demonstrate you can: 1.Establish project 2.Undertake project planning and design process 3.Execute project in work environment 4.Manage project control 5.Manage project finalisation You will also need to show: Reading Writing Oral Communication Numeracy Navigate the world of work Interact with others Get the work done
Activities Activity 1A Estimated Time1 Hour ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to identify, clarify and prepareproject initiation documentation. Activity Answer: Identify all of the project initiation documentation you will require. Prepare and produce one of the following documents in accordance with organisation procedures, and attach to your work book: Concept proposal Feasibility study Project initiation document (PID) Project management- Project management was first developed in the United Kingdom when large organizations with a variety of different companies and business activities realized that formal and structured development policies were would need to organize their various tasks (Baiardi and Ferreira, 2020). Projects range in size and duration but everything goes from initiation to completion through same procedures. Project initiation document- This is defined as type of document which consists a range of information about a project such as cost, time and
many more in such manner: Needed resources and cost- All the resources needed for the completion such as components, labor force, and pleasing visual such as licenses and permits. At this point, the expense of all the resource base must be as precise as possible, since this will shape the large bulk of the spending plan. Timeline- This will be the hardest piece of information to get correct and period for issues and disruptions should be provided. Also, the time period is prone to alter as the project goes on. Estimated budget- Costs involve supplies, labor, and everything else needed by the project. It is necessary to define hidden costs at thispointwhereappropriate.Whenprojectionsarehighly unreliable the project 's life and execution can be compromised. Risks- Risks can be different from project to project, and may be slight and main based on the project's nature. It can be evaluated in full as the law relates to the project. Dependencies- These are the interactions between projects and tasks in that if one work is not fully functional, it just cannot start, for instance a roof cannot really be constructed on a house until the walls are constructed. It is important that all commitments are included in the preliminary design phases, because they may trigger significant delays and expenditures if they are not properly prepared. Apart from these aspects project initiation document contains a range of activities such as: Agreed project management framework Agreed project methodology Client or customer requirements Concept proposal Contract documentation
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Executive team instructions Feasibility study Life cycle approval gateways Output from prior project. Among these activities, an activity is described below which is feasibility study that is as: Feasibility study- A study of the feasibility is an assessment of the realism of the proposed project before any investments are made inanyfacetoftheproject.Theplanshouldbeadjusted, demonstratedby precise informationand statistics,and often carried out by a project leader.
Activity 1B Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity toidentify relationship between the project and broader organisational strategies and goals. ActivityIdentify and document the following in relation to your organisation: Market focus Mission statement Strategic plan Values and ethics
Answer Answer The project deliverables should be directly linked to wider organizational objectives and processes because in these fields the project is considered to improve sales, which is portion of the project's rationale. The project cannotcoveralltacticalobjectives,especiallywhenitisatiny, specialized project, but it should cover at least one (Alnaggar and Pitt, 2019). The main goals and objectives includes followings: Market focus- The organization serves the field of the industry. The company may want to raise or broaden to another sector, and the project is a vehicle for starting or completing this growth. Organizationalmissionstatement-Thestatementofmission provides a broad description of the objective and overturning vision or objectives of the organization Strategy plans- The strategic plan is an organization's medium to long-term and overall goal, often linked to the task declaration, butanextendedversion.It,though,doesnotrepresenta comprehensive or extensive document, but only a structure for more specific business strategies and initiatives. Value and ethics- The values and ethics of an institution, in non- financial terms, encompass the way it operates its operations, the behavioural preconceptions of its staff and other leaders and its policy document and strategic aims. Identify and document how your project relates to each of these areas. If it does not, what amendments could be made to the project in order to do so? As a part of the business strategy and vision policy of the organization, theideawouldhavebeendeveloped.It'llalsobelinkedtothe corporation's market focus. All broader organizational techniques are inherentlylinkedinmanywayseventhoughtheyrepresentthe organization's philosophy and belief systems. The project is an expression
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of such objectives and thus all project operations will represent all of them where necessary. In the case when project is not linked to the above areas then organization should try to make a relation so that outcome of project can be achieved.
Activity 1C Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity tonegotiate and document project objectives, outcomes and benefits. Activity Answer: Identify the stakeholders within your project with whom you will have to negotiate the project objectives, outcomes and benefits. What are your suggestions, and why, for project- Objectives Outcomes Benefits? Project objectives- The aims of the project are the explanations for finishing the work and the outcome of the project tasks. Each goal must be stated clearly without any technical language or abbreviations which might create difficulties among members of the team. Mainly, there are three types of objectives which are main, additional and non (Pollard, 2019). Project outcomes- The project research outcomes are the effect the project has on organizations and related environments and functions. They may be changes in understanding, attitudes, actions and/or circumstances. Project benefits- Benefits are the significant benefits of the task results that an organization enjoys. There are two distinct types of benefits; hard and soft.
How do these differ from those of your stakeholders? These are different from stakeholders’ objectives. This is so because they want to achieve their aims and goal that are related to gaining higher competitive advantage. While stakeholders overlook to achieve their own goals and objectives which can be differ from organizational goals and objectives. Negotiate with your stakeholders to agree project objectives, outcomes and benefits and document the conclusion according to organisational policy. Attach a copy of the project objectives, outcomes and benefits document to your work book. Interested parties are people or groups of persons that have sincere involvementorconcerninanorganization.Stakeholderscanbe customers, employees, investors etc. For the smooth operation of the project,regularandeffectiveinteractionwiththoseconcernedis important because it is their involvement, and most relevantly their supportintermsofthecompany,partnersandsupporter,thatwill complete the organization moving. Without remunerated input into the goals, they can become disheartened with both the project management team and attract their capital expenditure.
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Activity 1D Estimated Time1 Hour ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity tonegotiate project governance structure with relevant authorities and stakeholders. ActivityDocument your preferred project governance structure in relation to all of the following aspects of the framework: Management system with designated personnel and their roles and responsibilities to include: oboards ocommittees oworking groups oreference groups oadvisory groups, sponsors oproject managers oproject team members ostakeholders Statements of roles for project management bodies and participants A decision-making framework which includes a code of ethics Identified authority levels assigned to groups and individuals A stakeholder management strategy A quality management strategy A project organisation chart that clearly defines the relationship between all persons involved in the project Procedures and criteria for reporting on project status and key performance indicators A monitoring and evaluation procedure for progress of project against project objectives Procedures for obtaining approvals for project activities Procedures for managing risks and uncertainties Procedures for managing change Issue-escalation procedures Conflict resolution models.
Answer: Project governance- Project governance applies to the laws and legislation used to manage a productive project that sets in motion processes to guarantee the efficient operation of the project complies with certain requirements (Mesa, Molenaar and Alarcón, 2019). It offers a framework that contains management system, roles of project leaders, quality and stakeholder management strategies etc. Steering group- The steering group or working group is a set of people who make the decision on an organization or project's objectives. It consistsseniormanagement,linemanager,tradeunion,HR representative. Who are the relevant authorities and stakeholders with whom you must negotiate to agree upon the final project governance structure? Managers-Themanagersarekeystakeholderswithwhom companiesneedtodiscussaboutfinalprojectgovernance structure. This is so because managers have ability to keep an extra sight of eye over different activities of a project. Employees-The employees also have enough information about overall project’s task and activities which are used by leaders for better outcome of project. Following negotiations with relevant authorities and stakeholders, annotate your initial project governance structure with changes made and reasons for the changes.
Organisational policies and procedures- Many companies have rules and processes in effect that must be implemented for their operating activities, but these are of particular significance with all accounting transaction because all reports are audited and do not infringe all regulatory criteria. Prescribed decision escalation-Any acquisition choices must be taken by appointed individuals, close to the authority requirements for financial expenditure. The styles of decisions can differ by project and by the powers exercised by each team leader Activity 1E Estimated Time1 Hour ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity toprepare and submitproject charterfor approval by relevant authorities. ActivityUsing the sample project charter template in activity 1E in chapter 1.5 of the unit, or using your organisation’s own template, complete your project charter and attach a copy to your work book. To whom must you submit the project charter for approval?
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Project charter- The project charter, even so big or too small, is a vital process for all ventures. It defines the processes, outlines the approaches envisaged and files all group conference. It consists below mentioned information such as: Resources needed- The senior management expects to be kept track of the progress in high-level project planning. The project leader must report on immediate term shape file during each project phase, not just the finished output after finalization. Timeline- This would be the toughest piece of knowledge to get correctandtheopportunityformistakesanddelayswillbe allowed. The timeline is therefore expected to alter as the project progresses. Apartfromtheseinformation,projectcharterconsistssomeother information also such as project assumptions, risk, indicator of success and many more. Preparing and submitting the project charter Any charters of the project are extremely small and include just important basic material. Others are far more extensive (Ferraris, Erhardt and Bresciani, 2019). The organization will calculate the duration and content of project charter and possibly have a basic format for documenting it.
Activity 2A Estimat ed Time 30 Minutes Objectiv e To provide you with an opportunity toestablish and implement a methodology to disaggregate project objectives into achievableproject deliverables. ActivityComplete a work breakdown structure that disaggregates your project objectives into achievable project deliverables. The best and quickest manner to break aproject objective /goals into a workable and manageable project delivery iswork breakdown structure. It isdeliverable- based hierarchical framework which splits the strategic goals into deadlines and sub-deliverablesNeeded for the achievement of organizational goal. It's like an organizationalstructure,butdeliverablesconsiderreplacingdutiesofthe employees. WBS isbasic report which only specifiesdeliverables. For doing so, thismapsoutscopeofentireprojectbycontainingvarious onlydeliverablewhichfallwithinscope;anyout-of-scopeorunnecessary deliverableswouldthencausemisunderstandingsandmisuseof aproject'sresources.
Explain how each deliverable is related and relevant to the project objective. Prior to actually finishingwork breakdown structure,projectmanager need to make sure thatdeliverables theyhave established are reasonable and viable (Schwartz and Bjorklund, 2019). As for all the priorities and strategieshave established, SMART must be obtainable; it must be precise, tangible, practical, attainable and within a timeline decided upon. The finalization of the sub- delivery will have an effect onmain project plan, as each sub-delivery must be completed in order fordeliverable to be ready. They may also consider that deliverables have an effect upon other, not inherently in contexts of components, but in relation to human as well as technical development.
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Activity 2B Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to identify project stages and key requirements for stage completion against client requirements and project
objectives. Activity Answer Using the tables in activity 2B of chapter 2.2, identify the key requirements for stage completion against client requirements and project objectives. Attach the documents to your work book. Project Stages:This is commonly agreed that there are 5 phases in entireproject managementas listed below: 1.Initiation Phase 2.Initial Planning and design 3.Execution Phase 4.Continuous monitoring and controlling phase 5.Completion phase Some entities may include a phase beforeinitiation stage, named the description where it is defined. The justification forproject is recorded and the goal is establishing; whichis usually done ininitiation phase. Projectmanagersmayalsohaveextraphaseswhicharespecificto theirrespectiveproject. All elements and specifications at each phase should be finished and generally approvedby an authority delegateduntil the project could even move to next phase. specific crucial requisites for the phase of completion ofproject would be defined byexpectations of the clientsand the aims ofprojectwork and Would then varymost around 1project and another duringexecution and control phases ofproject asoperation is exclusive to every project. Standard key criteria for completinginitiation phaseare as follows: Integration of the documentation of the project implementation Assignation of project manager and team Conducting Feasibility study Project's scope Project's charter Standard main considerations for accomplishment ofplanning and design process are as follows: Examination and revision of the purview, if required, in order to
avoid"scopecreep"whereinitislocatedProjectcriteriaare expandedwithoutmakinganysignificantadjustmentstothe schedule, time, System, tools, etc. WBS and OBS Allocation of all project resources Project'sSchedule:milestones,reportingrequirements,time- frames etc. Allocation of fund budget Governance planning Risk-Assessment Finalization of project plan and taking necessary approvals Standardized primary aspects for finalization ofexecution phase are as follows: Time-management:A project leader assures that all functions are carried out aspertimetable ofproject. Cost-management:The PM makes sure here thatall tasks have been finished in accordance withinbudgetary limits. Quality-management:PM makes sure thatdeliverables comply with the requisite quality guidelines of allstakeholders. Issue-management:PM makes sure that every adjustments or concerns aremanagedtodealeffectivelyandappropriatelyasitdoesnot hindersuccess of wholeproject (RoboSTEAM Consortium, 2019). Relationships-management:Any issues betweenmembers ofproject- team, including staff members, interested parties, managersand suppliers, shall be settled without hindering the status of project. The basic primary criteria for finalisation ofmonitoring and control phase are quite similar asexecution phase. This involve: Observing and updating all processes atexecution stage. Identification and prevention of risks. Minimizing changestolayout of project.
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Standardized primary aspects for completion ofclosing phaseare as follows: Generation of a closer report which involve: ◦Signing off ◦Budgeting analysis ◦A Schedule review ◦Releasing staff ◦Experience gained through project ◦Aggregate outcomes/results of project Reallocation of allresources and/or facilities being used remaining over from entire project. Completion of all related administrative tasks forproject Recordinganythingnextstagesforlongtermorupcoming projects. Client requirements and project objectives: On any of these discussedrequirements,client would usually want toapplyadditionallimitationsbeforestagecouldbeconsidered completed and completed in return fornext stage to start. For instance, inclosingperiod,allequipmentleftoverherefromaprojectwhich arestill fit for use may also be expected to be discarded of as wastes by the company. Nevertheless, the goals of the project can involve the goal ofpromotingenvironmentallyfriendlyworkingprocessesandmay propose that the existing machinery will either be reused or given to a charity. In these circumstances, negotiations will have to occur.
Activity 2C Estimated Time1 Hour ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity toanalyse project management functions to identify interdependencies and impacts of constraints. ActivityUsing the tables in activity 2C of chapter 2.3 identify how each of the nine project functions within your project are interdependent. Attach the documents to your work book. Which of the three triple constraints are fixed within your project and how does the effect each of the nine project functions? Project management functions:All projects, smaller or larger though they may be, have to be handled through 9integrative tasks for the purpose of projectis to be efficient (Elsido, Martelli, and Kreutz, 2019). Insmallerprojects,theprojectexecutivesmaybeaccountablefor alltasks, while in big projects there could be different supervisors with each taskand the project management team will commonly be responsible
towardsprojectintegration,makingsurethatallactivitiesoperate properly together here according to theproject’spredefined schedule. Here following is comprehensive discussion about 9 tasks, as follows: 1.Communications:Communicationsisregardedaslifebloodof anyproject, because everyone engaged wants to actually know what they'd do or when, as well as how one’s duties and responsibilities nourish into project. Consequences, issues and alterations have to be conveyedthroughtheproperchannelsinanadequatemanner,and interestedpartieshavetobeheldup-to-dateonthestatus ofproject.Hereacommoncommunicationstrategywithinaproject context may involve: Listing out all those team members who are responsible/accountable for specificcommunicationoperations/tasks Technologyandadequateprotocolsrelatedtothecommunicating information/data are: 1. Verbal communications: conferencing overthetelephone/internet/video informalbriefings atmeetings onsitewithperson press conference 2.Writtencommunications:
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▪ Letters ▪ Invoices ▪ Update reports ▪ Newsletters ▪ Legal applications ▪ E-mail ▪ Audits ▪ Advertisements/promotions ▪ Purchasing orders ▪Inventories Cost- Project cost management is an exceptionally tough part of the developing to handle accurately, especially if the average length of your taskissubstantial.Forecastsforconstructioncostsstartatthe implementation point quite loosely because you really don't know how much more the project will cost before it starts in earnest and the effects begin to be manufactured.The issue with predicting the cost of the project that each project is different and it is difficult to consistently state how much this will cost something that's not done before. Maximum deformation over the life cycle of a project, such as timeframes, allocation of resources and seller prices, that also alter the project's estimated cost; the estimate also may be less than the original estimate.
Activity 2D Estimated Time1 Hour ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity todevelop aproject management plan thatintegratesall project-management functions withassociated plans and baselines. ActivityDocument your project management plan including the following sections Introduction Project management approach Project scope Milestone list Schedule baseline and work breakdown structure Change management plan Communications management plan Cost management plan Procurement management plan
Answer Project scope management plan Schedule management plan Quality management plan Risk management plan Staff management plan Resource calendar Cost baseline. Contents of project management plan: Introduction Theintroductionaimstoprovideacomprehensiveproject description such as its purpose, goals, milestones and expected results and advantages. Project management approach Itisasummaryofthemainprojectmanagementstrategy involvingmainpartnersandappointedauthorityandadministrators, including their functions including obligations respectively. The limits andrestrictionsshouldbeincludedaswellasdetailsaboutthe organizations or vendors who will provide the project with services (Krumme, Tegeler and Gattermann, 2019). Project scope This will provide a thorough overview of the nature of the project described in the project charter, specifically describing what the project would do / understand exactly what it does not do / including. Milestone list This reporting models all of the overall project such as the dates for each major achievement. Each goal must be briefly discussed with
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more depth used in the important achievements and illustrated. Schedule baseline and work breakdown structure The framework of work breakdowns (WBS) must be stated clearly and any technical definition inside of this should be easily outlined in a dictionary. The WBS is the cornerstone of the project, because it includes all the goals and objectives and sub-supplies that will insure the project is completed. Change management plan This is crucial to note that improvements to each project will be closely examined before they are accepted, and their effect on the project. Transferred bodies will therefore be registered for authorizing transition, as well as the manner in which improvements will be tracked and controlled. Communications management plan The information strategy schedule can be nearly as long as the project management schedule itself. It will describe how, what but when knowledge is distributed to all project team leaders and stakeholders who collaborate and interact with each other (Santos, Murmura and Bravi, 2019). Cost management plan The cost management plan specifics how to allocate funds and how to evaluate, document and regulate expenditure. Procurement management plan The procurement plan outlines the criteria for the selection of
providers, the manner in which providers are chosen (such as citation queries, data and proposition demands), the kinds of supply contracts and the circumstances for supply. Project scope management plan Changes in scope need to be recorded and consultation with relevantpartyleaderstoprevent"scopecreep"resultingindelays, unneeded additional work and missed deadlines and milestones, incur costs and strongly encourage risks and problems. Schedule management plan Thetaskmanagementstrategyoutlinesthegeneralproject scheduling structure, how resources are distributed, increase conversion ratesforprojecttasks,dutiesandobligationsfordeliverables accomplishment, and project success indicators and objectives. Quality management plan Thispartofthedocumentdescribesthepredictedquality requirements for the performance metrics, as well as the practices and systems used to produce results. Risk management plan This document identifies strategies for identifying and managing potentialriskstofirmperformanceandprocessesforoptimizing commercial advantage.
Staff management plan These will provide an organizational map to decide the layout of the organization; whether it is a diagram or mission framework, and whether by whom and funds are handled and distributed. Resource calendar The resource calendar, related to the staff management plan, describes the resources required which the project tasks are planned during certain points and periods of the project. Cost baseline It provides a schedule for each step of the project which can also be divided into sub-sections (Aguilar, 2020).
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Activity 2E Estimated Time40 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to establish designated mechanisms to monitor and control planned activity. Activity Answer Identify the methods you intend to use to monitor and control each of the planned activities within your project. Methods to monitor and control planned activities: Pulse meeting- These are brief and regular sessions of project management teams at which the state including day-to-day project operations and any problems or possible threats is recorded. Variancereport-Suchstudiesdemonstratethediscrepancy between the current project operation and the project activity expected or planned for. Which are especially relevant in terms of the project's expenditure and timeline.
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Activity 2F Estimated Time20 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to negotiate approval of project plan with relevant stakeholders and project authority. Activity Answer Draw up a project plan approval document to attach as an appendix to the project plan and attach a copy to your work book. Are there any aspects of the project plan that you envisage will be met with objections from any of the relevant stakeholders and if so, why? Finalize project plan and gain approval The projectproposal must be agreed and signed off by the contractor and other interested parties before the project can proceed. Authorization of the project proposal implies evaluating and deciding on the goals and milestones. Gaining approval of the project plan from project authorities may include: Review summary of the project schedule, and ensure consistency and execution. Disseminate the project proposal in an acceptable manner to the appropriate parties and within an accepted timeline. Arrange a forum to evaluate and address the current project proposal with the appropriate stakeholders. Minute the session and usetheminutestochangethebusinessplanifandwhere
appropriate. Project management plan approval All appropriate stakeholders will sign and date the authorization letter, with their name, title and position clearly recorded. Relevant stakeholders may include: ➢Project manager ➢Project sponsor ➢Investors ➢Business steward.
Activity 3A Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity tomanage the project in an established internal work environmentto ensure work is conducted effectively throughout the project. Activity Answer Identify the established policies and procedures of the organisation for which your project team is working and any problems you feel the project may encounter due to conflicting interests and/or beliefs. Managing the execution of the project The implementationphase of a projectistypicallythe final process in the life cycle of the project and cost incurred and funds. How essential it is to make sure that the proposals are carried out with clinical accuracy but none to negligible variance is quite apparent by now. The execution of a project depends on internal work environment which includes: Organizational policy and procedures Organizational culture and style Physical working conditions Geographic location and/or dispersion Team dynamics All these aspects contribute effectively to execute a project in an effective manner so that objectives of project can be achieved.
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Research the following aspects of the internal work environment of the organisation and document any potential issues you might encounter. Organisational culture and style Physical working conditions Geographic location and/or dispersion Team dynamics. Organisational culture and style- That organization has a specific culture thatemergesfromthecompany'sexecutivecommitteeandits organizational style and identities, as well as its policy document. The workplace philosophy, and the job ethics and procedures embody the organization's ethical code and principles. Physical working conditions- This is important to stay as far apart as
practicable from "natural" operating habits of ventures where temporary structures and equipment are built on site for the project workers to function from the job activities. If the project operations comply with the current operating processes and policies, furthermore, they may consume upestablishedresources;thesemaybeinthecontextofoffice accommodation, infrastructure, facilities, cars, personnel rooms etc. Geographic location and/or dispersion- As a systems engineer, users can find themselves flying around the country or even around the globe to several various locations. Can place has its own characteristics and complexities which can influence the way you plan the project. Processes project schedule may not be appropriate for each venue. Team dynamics- There are many various teams in big companies and certain individuals based on their positions and duties may contribute to a variety of different models. Many people operate together effectively and somedon't.Personalitiesinsidetheteamplaya significantrolein influencing the dynamics, and sometimes even one member may have extremely beneficial or detrimental dynamic results.
Activity 3B Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to maintain established links to align project objectives with organisational objectives throughout the project. ActivityWhy is it important to align project objectives with organisational objectives? Incertainconventionalmethodstomanagingprojects,venturesare treated as autonomous bodies within the project's close watch (Marzouk and Enaba,2019). In particular, while this will encourage the supervisor to carry a project anywhere he / she needs it to go with a lot of freedom of vision, it often avoids diverging too much from the group's overarching priorities and objectives as a whole. Alignment will also help boost project performance levels and thus the organization's willingness to fulfill consumer demands and standards.
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In what documentation have you already used the organisational objectives as the basis for project planning? When the project begins, certain project leaders begin to get integrated into the organization under the burden of schedules and expenditures as a different agency of the contractor to oversee the coordination of the nine project functions. During the past, once the target was reached a project was found to be very high, and the job was finished within the allotted budget. It's no longer true because as soon as the project is complete, there'll be an in-depth review as to how well that project achieved the targets it was given during the implementation phases. Using the designated mechanisms to monitor and control planned activity, update the reporting procedures to include a section on the assessment of alignment between the project objectives and the organisational objectives and ensure it is included in the project schedule. The targets of the project are objectives, pure and basic. Here are the corporate priorities users intend to accomplish on the enterprise. Within project management, it is of utmost significance that the goals of a project are explicitly defined because they would influence any step in the lifecycle of the project. The project targets must be tangible and include main performance metrics and can be used to measure the progress of a project.
Activity 3C Estimated Time40 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to within authority levels, resolve conflicts negatively affecting attainment of project objectives. ActivityWhy might you encounter conflict within the project?
Answer:Conflicts- These are defined as issues which occurs during completing a project. The conflicts can be arising due to any reason. This can be because of internal or external factors. Some key cause of conflict is mentioned in such manner: Lack of communication- The entire project manager needs to know what they'd do, when they might do it, why they're doing it and what the effect of not doing something and doing it wrongly couldhaveontheprojectgoals.Intheabsenceofproper communication, there can be different kinds of conflicts which can affect objectives of project. Delay on completion of task dependencies- Conflicts can arise if members of the team begin construction on their current project but couldn't because the task before is unfinished. What is your conflict resolution model? Model for conflict resolution- There are a range of measures in model of conflict management that are widely recognized as the standard and embraced as their own settlement of dispute protocols by organizations. Some key steps are mentioned in such manner: Negotiation
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Mediation Arbitration Litigation What can a project manager do to try to avoid conflict from the outset of the project? A successful project manager should avoid disagreements over the lifecycle of the building utilizing appropriate negotiation techniques. The discussion timetables set out during the development plan should be conformed to, and therefore should be modified if further communication is needed. A two-way communication method among them and their technical team should be urged by project leaders to raise any concerns or prospective conflict already when they arise.
Activity 4A Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to ensure project records are updated against project deliverables and plans at required intervals. Activity Answer What management system are you using to update records in relation to status of project deliverables and plans? Who is responsible for the updates? Records- The project plan and milestones have been accepted by the authority involved and, when the project is under way, it would need to
generate and maintain the project documents at the appropriate times set out in the project schedule (Goel, Ganesh and Kaur, 2019). Management systems to record project deliverables and plans: Dispatching and collecting procedures Legal and project policies, guidelines and requirements Procedures for deciding which records should be captured and filed Procedures for updating records Security procedures How often do you record updates on the following aspects of project deliverables: Current status of each deliverable Quality targets Quality standards and criteria Quality assurance reviews undertaken Quality control reviews undertaken Actions required from quality assurance and control reviews Time frame in which to complete actions Current status of quality of deliverables? Project records: Current status of each deliverable=Projectmanagement approach Quality targets=Project scope
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Quality standards and criteria=Milestone list Quality assurance reviews undertaken=Schedule baseline and work breakdown structure Quality control reviews undertakenChange management plan Actionsrequiredfromqualityassuranceandcontrolreviews= Communications management plan Time frame in which to complete actions =Procurement management plan Current status of quality of deliverables =Project scope management plan How often do you record updates on the following aspects of the project plan: Project management approach Project scope Milestone list Schedule baseline and work breakdown structure Change management plan Communications management plan Procurement management plan Project scope management plan Schedule management plan Quality management plan Risk management plan Staff management plan
Resource calendar Cost baseline? Project management approach- Daily basis Project scope- Once Milestone list- Once Schedule baseline and work breakdown structure- Once Change management plan- Depends on situation Communications management plan- Daily basis Procurement management plan- Once Project scope management plan- Once Schedule management plan- Once Quality management plan- Daily basis Risk management plan- Daily basis Staff management plan- Daily basis Resource calendar- Daily basis Cost baseline? - Once
Activity 4B Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity toanalyse and submitstatus reportson project progress and identified issues with stakeholders and relevant authorities. Activity Answer Explain what should be contained in the following reports and to which relevant authorities they should be submitted: Project status reports Risk register Issues log Executive summary. Information included in following reports: Project status reports- A report on the status of a project is a memorandum that sums up the overall status of the project it against project plan. The objective of the project status update is to maintain all stakeholders aware of development, to resolve problems until they occur, and to insure that the project lands within a defined timeline. Riskregister-Ariskregistryisadatabaseusedasarisk assessment mechanism to maintain regulation enforcement that serves as a record for all defined threats and provides detailed details of each risk, e.g. risk type, guide and author, mitigating steps. This can be seen either as a scattering map or as a panel. Issues log- The Issue Log is a database that notes, tracks and threats which have been identified and unusual incidents that have happened and disrupted the project. It records the way the accident was dealt with and the effect it has on the project. Executive summary- It is a comprehensive report which offers in-
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depth details on the state of the whole plan and the potential effect on the end result of the company. What topics would you include in your “everything else” report? Everything else report- Such reports are unique to each initiative and may be linked to just about everything relevant to it. In order to prepare this type of report, there are a range of steps which need to be followed such as planning, researching, setting structure, content.
Activity 4C Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity toanalyse and submit impact analysis of change requests for approval, where required. ActivityWhat is an impact analysis? Impact analysis- Impact analysis is a means of assessing the complete influence that the potential change in policy will have on the goals, deliverables and results of the project in order to determine whether or not to incorporate the reform (Abdou, 2019). This type of analysis consists different kinds of stages such as: Planning Collection of negative impacts Proposing change Analysis of impacts and their effects
Identify a risk to your project and propose a change to an area of the project to prevent the risk from occurring. Risk in a project- There are a range of risks which can need to be address by managers. Risk can be financial risk, operational risk etc. This depends on influence of external factors on success of a project. The level of risk can be mitigated by help of implementing effective change. Identify all the expected impacts that the proposed change will have on all areas of the project. Improved performance- If employees will be trained then this will be easier for companies to gain project objectives. Improvedefficiency-Duetochangeinskillsofemployees, efficiency of employees will also improve. Using the example in activity 4C of chapter 4.3, or your organisation’s standard template, submit a project change request form for the proposed change and attach a copy to your work book.
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General information Request number: B25462 Name: George Bailey Project name- Renovation of computer labs Date of request- 21/07/2019 Proposed change Description of change: The change is related to providing training to current staff member of project. Reason for change: The reason of applying this change is that current members of project are unable to perform activities of project. Expected impact of change Performance impact: Due to this change performance will be improved because employees will be skilled. Technical impact: The skills and capabilities of staff members will be enhanced. Schedule impact: The time duration of project will increase. Budget impact: Amount of budget will also increase in the process of training of staff. Other impacts: Apart from above mentioned impacts this will also affect to schedule of project manager. Impact to other projects: The other projects can be affected if changed project is interrelated.
Decision by delegated authority Approved- Denied- X Approved with condition- X Name/ title/role- Steven Smith (Director of organization) Activity 4D Estim ated Time 30 Minutes Objec tive To provide you with an opportunity tomaintain relevantproject logs and registers accurately and regularly to assist with project audit. Activit y Identify all of the project logs and registers you use and provide an example entry for each one. Project log- A framework for documenting and indexing project-related material, improvements, changes, issues and worker(s). Useful in assessing time inputs, challenges, improvements in architecture, and finishing requirements. It can also be used to examine the impact and enable improvements in subsequent programs in the case of a disaster. There are different kinds of logs regards to project and
some of them are mentioned below in such manner: Change log- The change log is a core place for the documentation and tracking of all the adjustments produced during the project existence. Dailylog-Theprojectmanagermaintainstheregularfile,andis responsible for managing it. This can assume whatever shape the project manager needs from a paper-based log, or interactive device ring binder. How often is each log or register reviewed and who by? Risk register- The risk registry is a very complicated database that is more like a risk appraisal than simply details entered into a database. Below an example of risk register is mentioned: Risk identification Qualitative ratingRisk response RiskCateg ory Probab ility ImpactSc ore Rank ing Respo nse TriggerOwn er Lack of funds Finan ce 0.5This will hamper overall perform anceof compan y due to lackof funds. 81stProject team should respon sein accord ance of budget ed activiti es. Effective implemen tationof strategies of reducing costcan be useful. Fina nce mana ger Ineffect ive manage ment of Hum an resou 0.6Itwill become cause of delay in 72ndHuman resourc e manag Following timetable can reduce HR mana ger
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tasksrceproject compila tion. er should tryto comple te tasks asper the time limit. impact of this risk. What makes a good record for auditing purposes? It's necessary to maintain correct notes for accounting purposes, however big or small the project. The project may be subject to official, legitimate auditing in which case the careful preservation of records is much more critical. External auditing can help identify and deter bribery and corruption, check institutional procedures and track conformity to existing rules and international regulations. This also aims to progress constantly, because errors or lost chances may be found and fixed to enhance potential ventures.
Activity 4E Estimated Time40 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to ensure associated plans are updated to reflect project progress against baselines and approved changes. ActivityIdentify the changes you have made to project baselines and other changes. Project baseline- The project starting points are the approximate project parametersdecidedbymanagementandotherstakeholdersatthe implementation and preparation phases of the project (Kerzner, 2019). Associated plans that may need to be amended include: Communications plan- It could be a program needing the least adjustmentbecause,irrespectiveoftheimprovementstothe measurements,shareholdersstillneedtobemodifiedand knowledge still requires to be propagated. Procurement plan- Changes to the planning process could include subject to the existing and circumstances of service contracts if disruptions in demand or supply are of a poor quality and budget dynamic allocation. For each of the changes you made document the relevant changes you subsequently made to associated plans. There are a range of changes which are related to making enhancement in overall performance of project. Below some key changes are mentioned which are as: Enhancement in skills of employees. Rescheduling of timelines.
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Activity 5A Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity toidentify and allocateproject finalisation activities. ActivityIdentify the required project finalisation activities. Project finalization activities- These can be defined as those activities which are related to completing a project. These activities give a finishing touch in ending the project. There are different kinds of finalization activities such as completing financial transactions, consolidating and storing project data and many more. For each activity allocate a member of the project team to complete it and explain why you have chosen this person. You may allocate the responsibility to more than one person if appropriate. Allocation of member for each activity: Completing financial transactionscost manager Consolidating and storing project data communications manager Documenting outstanding project issues Risk manager Obtainingorproviding certifications quality manager Preparing final project reportsintegration manager Updating organization knowledge management human resources manager
Activity 5B Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity toensure project products and associated documentationare prepared for handover to client in a timely manner. ActivityWhat are the project products within your project? Project product- A project product is something quantifiable that the proposal either has generated as an individual item or as an element of other product lines (Zwikael, Meredith and Smyrk, 2019). The product for project depends on different factors. Like in this project, the name of product is renovation of classrooms or computer labs What associated documentation will be handed over with the products? Associated documentation- This includes following aspects which are as: License Certificates
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Design layout Manual for training Explain the arrangements of the handover process for your project products and the associated documentation. Handover process- When the project team passes over the goods to the customer, the documents provided with them will facilitate a smooth transition and provide all customers with the details required to use the goods generated by the project (Chapman, 2019). This includes different typesofstepssuchasdocumentpurpose,support,handover documentation etc.
Activity 5C Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to finalise financial, legal and contractual obligations. ActivityWhat financial obligations must you finalise? Financial obligation- There are two types of financial obligations which are internal and external. Under internal cost management plan, WBS etc. are included. While in external bank loans, contracts are included. What legal obligations must you finalise? Legal obligation- Under this, project terms, communication strategy, insurance for risk etc. are included. What contractual obligations must your finalise?
Contractual obligation- The procurement manager would have signed, developed and likely modified terms of service of service contracts for contractors and suppliers over the existence-cycle of the project.
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Activity 5D Estimated Time30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity toundertakeproject review assessments as input to future projects. ActivityWhat may project review assessments include? Projectreviewassessment-At thecompletionof eachprojectitis essential to analyze, analyze and determine how productive and efficient each phase of the work has been in finding areas of change for potential projects(Smith,2019).Thisincludesoutcomeevaluation,post implementation review and review of profit realization. Select two of the review assessments and complete the relevant documentation. If using organisation templates, attach copies of the documents to your work book. Outcomeevaluation-Theassessmentoftheoutcomesshouldbe somewhat close to the analysis of the results understanding, because the findings are somewhat comparable to the advantages. The results and advantages are the result of the work within the proposal and are strongly connected to the project goals. It consists following information: Predicted and consented project results identified at project start,
long and short term. Performance metrics for measuring results. Some unexpected but positive outcomes that have strengthened the organization. Post implementation review- The final piece in the project lifecycle is a post - completion review (PIR). It is a crucial assessment of the whole venture, which decides not whether the proposal has become a positive and why (Klarenbeek, 2019). It contains below mentioned functions such as: Initiatives goals, costs and results Decides whether the proposal falls within its meaning or not Evaluate the success and precision of the final results Project feedback versus budget Measures the real target spending
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Skills and Knowledge Activity Estimated Time1 Hour 30 Minutes ObjectiveTo provide you with an opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge of the foundation skills, knowledge evidence and performance evidence. ActivityComplete the following individually and attach your completed work to your workbook. The answers to the following questions will enable you to demonstrate your knowledge of: 6.Reading 7.Writing 8.Oral communication 9.Numeracy 10.Navigating the world of work 11.Interacting with others 12.Getting the work done 13.Project governance models 14.Range of methodologies to break project objectives into achievable project deliverables 15.Role of project life cycle stages, phases and structures relevant to industry and project context 16.Appropriate organisational documentation for recording strategies and goals for integration processes Answer each question in as much detail as possible, considering your organisational requirements for each one. 17.When establishing your project, how did you: 18.Identify project objectives 19.Negotiate project objectives, outcomes and benefits with stakeholders 20.Negotiate project governance structure with relevant authorities and stakeholders? 21.What project documentation was required in the initiation stages of the project? Provide an example of one of the documents. 22.What information is contained in the project charter and what was the procedure for obtaining approval from relevant authorities? 23.Explain the processes and procedures you undertook to establish the project management plan. 24.What issues did you encounter whilst executing the project in an established internal work environment and how did you resolve these issues?
25.Explain how issues, risks and changes were managed during the execution of the project. 26.How did you allocate project finalisation activities and how effective was the allocation? 27.What procedure was in place for project handover to the client and how smooth was the handover? 28.Identify the key lessons learned from your project and the aspect that had the most impact (positive or negative) on the project and why. 1. Identify project objectives- The project objectives have been identified in accordance of nature of project as well as concept on which project is going to be organized. Negotiate project objectives, outcomes and benefits with stakeholders- the objectiveshavebeennegotiatedwiththegoalsofstakeholdersby convincing them that they will surely gain a sum of return. Negotiateprojectgovernancestructurewithrelevantauthoritiesand stakeholders- This has been done by taking permission from higher authorities of company for which project is being performed.
2. Therearearangeofdocumentswhichareneededduringproject compilation. Some key documents are cost, timeline etc. below example is presented: Timeline- This will be the hardest piece of information to get correct and period for issues and disruptions should be provided. Also, the time period is prone to alter as the project goes on. 3. All project charters are incredibly small, and include only essential specific content. Some are far narrower. The company must measure the project charter 's length and scope and likely provide a clear structure for recording it. Under this, process is followed of two steps first is analysis of resource needed and second is related to setting timeline. 4. The project management plan consists a specific process which is related to initiation or charter, work break down structure, project execution and performance control. 5. Theissueswhichoccurduringexecutionofprojectininternal environment were related to lack of communication, Delay on completion of task dependencies. These issues have been solved by applying a particular model that consist below mentioned process: Negotiation Mediation Arbitration Litigation 6. During project execution, a change is made that is related to enhancing
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the skills and competencies of employees. This was done by applying appropriate training model. 7. The allocation of different kinds of activities has been done in accordance of nature of each activity. Such as cost regarding activities were allocated to finance manager. This allocation was effective because it enabled all activities in an effective manner. 8. Oncetheprojectteamtransferstheproductstotheclient,the documentation given should enable a seamless delivery and include instructions for all consumers to utilize the products produced by the project. It involves different forms of measures such as intent of the text, assistance, documentation of the handover etc. 9. I learned lot of things from above done project. The learning was too useful for me which can be used for upcoming time period. For instance, I learned about way to manage the project’s activity as well as how to handle issues which occur during execution of project. Apartfromit,therearesomenegativeimpactalsosuchaspoor communication skill was one of the major issue for me.
Major Activity Estimate d Time 2 Hours Objectiv e To provide you with an opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge of the entire unit. ActivityThis is a major activity – your instructor will let you know whether you will complete it during class or in your own time. Attach your completed answers to the workbook. You must individually, answer the following questions in full to show your competency of each element: 1.Establish project 2.Undertake project planning and design processes 3.Execute project in work environment 4.Manage project control 5.Manage project finalisation 1.Working alone, hold a meeting with a small group of primary internal and external stakeholders to negotiate project planning and design processes. Set the topics, guide discussion in the meeting, and try to help the group reach decisions. 2.Working in pairs (with another learner, if possible), create a full and accurate project initiation document and scope statement for an upcoming project of your choice. 3.After the project has been completed, carry out a full review and evaluation of project outcomes. Arrange a group meeting with all team members involved in the project and present your findings, make suggestions about how the team can improve in the future. 1. Topic- Meeting on negotiating project planning and design process. Project- The project is related to installing solar panel in rural area. Reason for meeting- This meeting has been arranged because current plan of project is not suitable and it may lead to higher cost and time. Discussion: In the meeting internal stakeholders (Employees, managers) as well as external stakeholders (Investors) were included.
As a project manager, I stated that current project plan is not suitable because this is so static and in future if market conditions change them this may lead to higher cost. On my statement, investors also agreed that cost of project should be re determine and changes should be done. From this overall discussion, internal stakeholders made suitable changes in their plan in accordance of need of project. 2. Project- The project is related to installing solar system. Project initiation document:It is defined as a form of document that contains detailed information about a project including all necessary elements. This document helps to project managers in order to complete project in an effective manner. In regards to above project, PID has been presented below in such manner: Time-Each project has a certain amount of time to complete all activities and tasks. This becomes duty of project managers to finish the project in given time period. If a project is completed after the estimated time, then this may lead to various obstacles. In regards to above project the estimated timeis around 30 days under which a range of activities need to be performed. Cost-This is also a key element of project initial document. It is crucial for project managers to keep the cost of project lower than estimation. Under cost of project, estimated expenses for each activity is included that gives an overview to manager of project. The estimated cost for this project is around $80 which is mentioned below:
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Scope statement-The scope of project need to be clear and under stable so that each project member can contribute to complete project in an effective manner. This is essential for project manager to communicate scope of project with all members so that they can contribute effectively. The scope statement of project is to launching solar panel at lower cost so that impact of harmful gases can be minimized. Risk register: This is defined as a form of document that consists detailed information about possible risk which may occur along with contingency plan to solve in less time and cost. Below a risk register is prepared in the context of above project: RiskDepartme nt Possibilit y (1 to 5) Impac t (1 to 5) CauseContingency plan HigherHuman44ThereasonThisriskcan
employee turnover resourceforthisrisk canbe unfavourable working environment. besolvedby enhancingthe working environment and by proper communicatio n. More expense Finance54The cause of thisriskcan beincreased costof materials. Thisriskcan beovercome bypurchasing materialfrom those suppliers whichare offering materialat lower cost. Poor quality Human resource 45Itmayoccur becauseof lackof communicatio nbetween employees. Thisriskcan becontrolled bymaking interaction between employees and managers. Ineffectiv e utilizatio nof resources Human resource 54Thismay raisedueto lackof monitoring over tasks and operations. Itcanbe overcomeby proper evaluationof eachactivity on daily basis. Communication plan: It is defined as a type of plan that provides information about way of interaction among different team members. In relation to above project, this plan is prepared below in such manner:
DescriptionFrequencyMethodAudienceOwner About financial resource usage Onceina month EmailDirectorof company, project manager. Finance manager About progressof project Onceina week PresentationOwnerof company and project manager Operational manager Aboutneed of material Onceina week EmailProject manager Operational manager Objective: Each project is started for a particular objective which can be as per the need of organization. The above mentioned project is started with below mentioned objectives: Generating less costly energy. Removal of dependency on water electricity. Providing electricity in rural areas by solar panels. Stakeholder analysis- In a project, there can be different kinds of stakeholders including internal and external. Each of them own interest and influence over successorfailureofproject.Inthecontextofaboveproject,alistof stakeholders has been presented below: StakeholderDesignatio n Internal/ external Impact level (1to5) Role George Bailey DirectorInternal5This stakeholder hasauthority togive permission to
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startorstop the project. Steve SmithSupplierExternal4This stakeholder canimpact the project by fluctuating pricesof material. Michael Hussey Project manager Internal5Thesuccess ofproject dependson this stakeholder bywayof managing different tasksand activities. VariousCustomersExternal4These stakeholders canimpact the project as per their level ofdemand regardsto product. Goal- The goal of project should be simple and achievable so that each project member can engage actively. In the context of above project, goal of this project is to launch a solar system which can reduce dependency of water electricity. As well as to offer electricity in those area which are under development.
Approval- It is the last phase of project initiation document that is related to taking permission from authorities so that project can be started as per the plan. In the context of above project, the manager of project can take permission from owner of company by taking sign on project charter. 3. Findings- The project has been completed not up to mark. This is so because of some external factors. Such as cost of labour increased during project execution process as a result cost of labour raised. Due to which estimation of cost failed. Suggestion- In the aspect, this can be suggested to finance managers that they should make financial plan in accordance of market condition. They should makepropermarketresearchbeforemakingassumptionformakingany financial plan.
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