Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Various Fields

Management 1
Performance management human resource
Name
Institution
Author’s Note

Management 2
Introduction
In the early-1950s a British Mathematician, Alan Turing, created a test, the Turing Test, for
measuring the intelligence levels for computers. The renowned mathematician became very influential
and controversial during World War II when he cracked the ‘unbreakable’ Nazi code known as Enigma.
This resulted to people referring to him as the father of modern computing. As a result of his
contributions, later in the year 1956 John McCarthy presented the first proposal on Artificial
Intelligence during a conference in Carnegie Mellon University (Birk et al. 2016) He further went ahead
and created the first programming language for Artificial Intelligence known as LISP. Major discoveries
and advancements have been made since then in this field. In the year 1979, the first fully self-driven
car known Stanford Cart was built. Mass production of self-driven cars is today done by big tech firms
such as Tesla with their Model S car. There has been the emergence of related field such as robotics,
linguistic intelligence, musical intelligence, spatial intelligence among others.
In as much as these advancements in technology are helping us solve most of our problems, it
comes at a cost. A price most scientists are not willing to pay. Computer scientists have estimated that a
stunning 85% all the customer-based encounters will be operated without the presence of an actual
human being by the year 2030. This translates to millions of people being rendered jobless in the
developed countries. It is disturbing to imagine what the implications will be in 40 to 50 years’ time
(Iglesias 206). Interestingly, the two major objectives of Human Recourse (HR) and Artificial
Intelligence are the same. To ensure that there is more efficiency and effective work performance levels.
Whether Artificial Intelligence can work together with Human Resource or is meant to replace it is still
an open question.
Billionaire and (co)founder of Tesla, PayPal, Space X, Boring and Open AI Elon Musk
expressed his worry about Artificial Intelligence during a talk in MIT in 2014. He purported that
Artificial Intelligence would not only pose a threat to employment but also lead to the extinction of
humanity. In a turn of events, he later on incorporated Artificial Intelligence to his autonomous car,
Model S, and founded Open AI. Apple’s and Google’s executives, Tim Cook and Sundar Pichai, on the

Management 3
other hand believe the future is bright for Artificial Intelligence. By May 2019 Google has been able to
successfully build an Artificial Intelligence program which helps doctors to detect and diagnose lung
cancer. According to Forbes, Apple is cutting hundreds of its employees who were initially working on
its autonomous car program since 2014. It is a strategy by the Human Resource team to bring the focus
on developing various Artificial Intelligence models instead. This is because AI shows a greater
potential with its applications spreading to various fields and occupations (Lyon and Maxwell 2011)
We are going to make recommendations to HR to ensure feasibility in the work space based on
the research on the trends and developments in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in various fields.
Taxi Driver
Autonomous cars/taxis (self-driven cars/taxis)
The self-driven car industry is still in its inception stages. Only exceptional tech and motor
vehicle companies such as Tesla have been able to successfully build and test their autonomous cars.
The Model S is fitted with an Artificial Intelligence program known as ‘Auto Pilot’. This comes exactly
40 years after the first autonomous car, Stanford Cart, was built in 1979. In the next 40 to 50 years, at
least 70% of all the cars on our roads will be self-driven. It is not only efficient but also reliable. Only a
couple of fatal accidents have been recorded by Tesla. As a result of the emerging trends and high
market demand in Artificial Intelligence, Tesla’s HR has been able to recruit over 1000 skilled
engineers and computer programmers. Institutions such as MIT and Harvard are now offering programs
and majors on Artificial Intelligence. This is to equip the learner with the necessary skills to be effective
in the current job market. This means that there will be a decline in the number of semi-skilled labour
(taxi drivers) and an increase in number in the skilled labour (engineers).
Uber
Uber has the most popular public transport service in Australia. It has an estimated 82,000
licenced and verified taxi drivers. The legal age requirement of Uber is 21 years with at least one year of
licensed driving. In most of the states in Australia, one has to be at least 17 years old in order to be

Management 4
issued with a driving licence. In Victoria, however, the legal age to obtain a driving licence is 18 years.
This therefore means that by 21 years, a significant number of ‘millennials’ will be legally viable for
employment. So why is age so important? Well, statistics also show that there has been an increase in
the number of accidents in Australia over the past five years resulting to around $27 billion in losses
annually. Henry Fayol, a HR theorist, argued that business efficiency and effectiveness is necessary
when it comes to Human Resource Management. Speculations are therefore made when the HR
management is under attack for recruiting a significant number of inexperienced taxi drivers. Especially
when the statistics clearly show that the greatest cause of the accidents to be poor driver education and
low driver experience.
Recommendation
As we have seen, there have been an increased number of accidents caused by the inexperienced
taxi drivers. The development of the self-driven taxis will capitalise on this market opportunity. The
Human Resource should now focus on the recruitment of highly skilled labour (software developers and
engineers) who will not only increase the value of the firm over time but also enable the firms to
compete effectively in the current market. Thus, they should reduce the number of semi-skilled labour
who majorly forms the bulk of the total workforce. The exponential growth of Artificial Intelligence and
its applications might leave the semi-skilled employees as business liabilities in the next 40 to 50 years.
Nurse
AI and Robotics in nursing
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in nursing is still in its pilot stages. José Côté, a professor in the
Université de Montréal is current spearheading the development and progress of a virtual nursing
Artificial Intelligence program known as TAVIE. This system is basically supposed some of the roles
which are performed by a nurse. The AI nursing program can be very helpful when it comes to handling
patients with diseases which are highly contagious (Olvera 2016). 25% of the patients have HIV while
the other 75% comprise of patients with diabetes, gynaecologic cancer and those who have undergone