Management Accounting Research and Case Studies

This assignment involves analyzing and discussing various management accounting research papers, case studies, and practices. It includes identifying different types of management accounting systems, exploring the role of qualitative methods, and examining the practical relevance of management accounting research. The assignment also delves into the implementation of environmental management accounting tools, lean manufacturing, and firm performance, among other topics. A summary of the key points and findings from these studies is expected.

MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Management accounting and essential requirement of utilising various MA system...........1
P2 Various methods of management accounting reporting(Triplex Safety Glass).....................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Calculation of cost with the help of various methods............................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Different forms of budgetary control and their advantages and disadvantages.....................8
P5 Use of various methods on responds on different financial problems.................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management accounting is one of a most helpful term in context of any organisation.
This methodology is very one of the best approach through which managers can find out
deviations which are taking place during an accounting year in short run activities of business.
This is made with combination of two terms which are management and accounting. A brief
explanation about these terminology is to manage the account reports in a proper manner so that
beneficial decisions can be taken out on their basis (Ahadiat, 2013). With assistance of these
short term reports which formulates by managers, management become able to take important
and suitable actions which are just for the long term survival of an organisation. This present
report is based on Triplex Safety Glass which generally deal with automotive windscreen. They
deal at small scale. In this assignment necessity of management accounting in companies are
discussed. Moreover types of MA are also described in this study with evaluation of cost
concept. Further there are some more factors are also briefly explain in this judgement which
signifies about that if an organisation leads to face any financial problem then how they going to
respond upon them.
TASK 1
P1 Management accounting and essential requirement of utilising various MA system
At each and every workplace, management plays a crucial role in making success of any
operational activity. Whole work are the essence and do not get complete without appropriate
techniques which used by authorities. Hence, one of a act which get done in making an
organisation financial viable is management accounting. This method is used by many small and
large firms to identify that their working are going in right direction or not. With proper
assistance of all such information which are identified with help of management accounting,
financial reports get prepared (Arroyo, 2012). Main reason behind preparing these reports are to
provide benefit to internal audiences of a company.
This element provide a platform for managers to take and formulate proper reports
through which they can take right decisions in very short period of time. Thus this procedure
leads to provide growth to these small and large firms. Unlike financial reports which are
prepared at the end of each year and on those basis, decision makers formulate strategies, this
approach aid in taking and changing schemes which are based on long run. Thus, main purpose
1

of this approach is to find out deviations which usually taking place at mid of year so that
managers can take beneficial decisions on the basis of such differences. Now one of a major
positive response get arise while taking this discussion into consideration that strategies can be
changed out according to need and demand of time. This factor leads to increase chances of
sustainability more and more.
As discussion it get clearly measure that this methodology is beneficial for a each and
every firm through which they can take effective decisions. As per context of present company
which deal with windscreen, they have to use this concept under which identification of all their
customers become easy (Bodie, 2013). As they can identify that raw material availability is
appropriate or not. Also this lead to reduce their cost of warehousing and storage and their clients
can get all things at right cost. Hence, while serving quality products which are manufactured
according to their users choice lead to increase their brand image and thus their profit margin and
generation get rises in an ethical manner. So this concept is perfect for this type of small
manufacturing industry in generating more and more profit.
Management accounting have various number of systematic approaches on which
managers can take effective decisions which are helpful for an organisation perspective point of
view. All these can be apply on any business entity through which monthly and weekly reports
get prepared. Firms use these concepts in making their decision-making process effective so that
all task get done in minimum time bounds and all cost, inventory which are associated with that
get identified. Some of a most famous MA system are as follow:
1. Cost accounting: This concept is completely related with value which is incur at time of
manufacturing of a particular product. The main motive behind using this systematic
methodology is to minimise the risk and cost which are associated with production of
goods. As per in context of cited firm, they have to use this method through which they
can manage prices of windscreen (Cadez and Guilding, 2012). Triplex safety glass have
to determine this accounting system in mind and use it in their production process. This
will support them in minimise the risk and create cost effective products.
2. Inventory management: Stock availability is one of an essential thing in any organisation.
In this relation a firm should have to measure their stock of raw material which is needed
for them in their daily operations. This aid them in making supply of products on time.
Triplex safety glass have to keep in focus their stock and inventory so that they can
2

reduce the chances of unnecessary wastage and prices of warehouses. Organisation will
produce only such amount of stock which is demanded by using this system technique.
3. Job order costing: This concept is generally used by many firms when they are dealing
with different variates of products. According to present case study which is based on
Triplex Safety Glass, they deal only with windscreen, hence this concept is not helpful
for them.
4. Price optimizing: According to this methodology, it become major duty of a firm to
measure that how they lead to identify the nature and behaviour of customers on different
prices (Caglio and Ditillo, 2012). Every vehicle required windscreen according to their
nature. Luxury cars having windscreen which are more in cost and thus, company have to
manufacture according to their client requirement.
P2 Various methods of management accounting reporting(Triplex Safety Glass)
Bookkeeping reports helps in taking important decision and through which indicates clear
picture of the execution for a association. A thorough accounting report card may be readied
previously, each quarter with provide for a comprehensive see of the benefits of the business
fund. These data need support for evolving those methodologies as stated by they require for
business and rivals.
These reports are ready with the reason for accomplishing the focuses furthermore
objectives which are situated. These statements would arranged on the weekly, month to month
and quarterly build with the goal that over such time period. At whatever kind for distinction
happened chiefs camwood effectively worth of effort on that.
Accounting reports serves previously, keep those business fit and sound. Likewise in
individuals standard weigh up will be necessary for them and should administer their form solid
same methodology will be take after which previously, benefits of the business.
Same time there would diverse sorts for business reports which need assistance and
important for them to uphold their firm well-being in long expression. These report card
preparation, support an association with give personal satisfaction items and uphold a brand
picture in front of new clients (Contrafatto and Burns, 2013). Their net revenue will get
expansion what's more every one exercises get carried for a deliberate way. This concept is
helpful for an organisation and it support them in making their development. Also, it provides a
proper assistance from which all work get done in an effective manner.
3

Those manageress bookkeeping reports are:
i) Budget report
ii) Account receivable maturing report card
iii) Job cost report card
iv)Stock or manufacturing report card.
Every one these reports need aid supportive to investigate the execution about business
Along these lines that they camwood reformulate their methodologies. Those fundamental
discourse about these focuses are similarly as follow:
1. Planning report: It might be a one of an essential thing in every business sector. Plan
empowers a association will control those cosset of an endeavour. If it may be bound together or
need a few divisions, it will be readied in the former quite a while something like that the sum
liabilities get assess and figure out the puts starting with the place. This process help in dividing
all cost which incur on each and every product so that wastage get minimise (DRURY, 2013).
Triplex have to formulate an appropriate plan which aid them in managing all operations in an
adequate manner. A proper plan will support them in minimise the wastage so that they can
make such products which are high quality in nature.
2. Account receivable maturing reports: This kind of reports need aid urgent for the benefits of
the business reason. On account of, it signifies regarding the credit the table of the client. Those
principle reason for existing about preparation from claiming this document card will be on
recognize those reasons behind the procedure for accumulation. An association must tighten their
kudos approaches done great of such clients who neglected with meet for their debts on time.
Hence, an firm must gander through with respect to their old debts. Triplex windscreen have to
tighten their policies so that they can met with their debts on time and manage everything in an
adequate manner.
3. Job cost report: Job cosset reports gatherings give a side-by-side see of the aggregate expense
gathered over a single undertaking contrasted with those required income yielded. In this way it
is those obligation of a pioneers alternately administration faculty will assess that which one task
may be required more reserve. Also recognizing that what amount of cosset will be setting off
should a chance to be used on that separated from those relied upon estimation. Hence, directors
must assess such activities which furnish them secondary benefit.
4

4. Stock or manufacturing report: Organizations which arrangement in physical items might
utilization this report card to settling on what's more analysing the two things over in a
successful way (Fullerton, Kennedy and Widener, 2013). This report card incorporate
certain amount from claiming things in stock waste, hourly labour cosset and for every
unit overhead cost. A association camwood aggravate examination the middle of two or a
greater amount divisions on figure out that which one is giving the best Conclusion at
least expense. Triplex company have to maintain proper reports which are associated
with their stock. With this inventory report, management become able to manufacture
only such amount of order which are highly required and demanded.
Triplex safety glass provide high quality windscreen to their users which save them from highly
reflected rays of sun as well as in night then get secure from high beam lights. Thus, they have to
prepare appropriate plan for all of their production in relation to minimise cost of their products
and services. Along with this, tighten their debts and collected policies so that they can receive
all dues on maturity date. Identify their stock or manufacturing for reducing the wastage of
products as well as minimise over cost of warehouse etc.
Each business firm must utilize this procedure something like that that they could
accomplish their objectives on time at least cost. It empowers for giving work to a sense for state
about business back What's more grab every last one of chances which emerge in the commercial
centre. Triplex safety glass can use this approach through which their all task get performed in an
effective manner without facing so much barrier in their plan execution.
They must get ready plan done which cited firm must learn know about their liabilities
which would setting off with happen done an bookkeeping quite a while in short run. Likewise
they must distinguish that their debt holders pay every last bit measure on time or not. Those
fundamental point behind this movement will be barely with recoup know such add up which
don't get secured yet (Fullerton, Kennedy and Widener, 2014). This heads over moving forward
their operations additional smoothness Since the measure of store for schedule operation
increments. Thereabouts know reporting weight framework need aid supportive previously,
exactly from claiming its way something like that that benefits of the business camwood
prosperously develop.
5

TASK 2
P3 Calculation of cost with the help of various methods
Cost bookkeeper is a system through which expense of a item get measure. Alongside
this the measure which may be acquire for generation about things is likewise incorporate in the
genuine value of the great. This help in setting up such prices which are appropriate for that
product as well as for customers also. There are different type of cost are analyse which incur at
the time of production of windscreen by Triplex safety glass which have to take in account by an
organisation:
1. Direct: It may be an expense which may be straightforwardly bring about during the work
environment.
2. Indirect: Such kind from claiming expense need aid not specifically influence the creation
unit Anyway committed a sway in a roundabout way on it. It incorporates salary, rent and so
forth.
3. Fixed: This sort about expense don't get changed furthermore stay altered with at whatever
course from claiming occasion when. It stay steady with any course of chance (Kaplan and
Atkinson, 2015).
4. Variable: Progress on cosset may be allude will as those variable expense. This transform is
main could be allowed in the long run of benefits of the business.
5. Operating: Working expense may be such sort about expense which is related with the
operational action of business.
There need aid different kind of expenses which a association must utilization for setting
those cost of their result. This serves measure that their value of the result is competitive
alternately not for those client alternately it might assistance clinched alongside long run survival
about business or not. The greater part these inquiries response by bringing this approach under
thought. There are two major methods which are used by an organisation while calculating their
cost which are:
a) Absorption costing
b) Marginal Costing
Selling Price £35
Unit costs
6

Direct materials £6
Direct Labour £5
Variable Production overhead £2
Variable sales overhead £13
Budgeted production for the period is 600 units
Income statement on the basis of Absorption costing method:
Fixed cost for a month:
Production overhead: In this budgeted cost is £1,800 and Actual cost is £2,000
Administration Cost: In this budgeted cost is £800 and Actual cost is £700
Selling cost: In this budgeted cost is £400 and Actual cost is £600
Absorption costing
Working 1: Calculate full production cost
Direct material £6
Direct labour £5
Variable cost £2
Fixed cost £3
Total £16
Working 2: calculate value of inventory and production
Opening inventory Production Closing inventory
0 700*19 = £13300 100*16 = £1600
Working 3: under/ over absorbed fixed production overhead
Actual fixed production: £2100
Fixed overhead: £2000
Total £100(over absorbed)
Net profit using absorption costing £ £
Sales 21000
7

(-) Cost of Sales:
Opening stock
Manufacturing
Closing stock
(Under)/ Over absorbed fixed prod. O/h
Gross Profit
Less Expenses
Variable sales expenditure
Fixed administration expenses
Fixed selling expenditure
Over absorption
Net Profit
0
11200
(1600)
600
700
600
(100)
(9600)
11400
(1800)
9600
Working 1: Calculate variable production cost £
Direct material 6
Direct labour 5
Variable production O/h 3
Variable production cost 14
Working 2: Calculate value of inventory and production
Opening inventory Production Closing inventory
0 700*14 = 9800 100*14 = 1400
Net profit using marginal costing £ £
Sales
Less Variable costs
Opening stock
Manufacturing
Closing stock
0
9100
(1300)
21000
(7800)
8

Contribution
Less Fixed costs
Variable Production expenses
Administration cost expenditure
Selling cost
Net Profit
600
2000
700
600
13200
3900
9300
TASK 3
P4 Different forms of budgetary control and their advantages and disadvantages
Plans from claiming an association push those action through which they camwood wrist
bindings their subsidizing. It serves them on dispense their trusts on correct directions. Thus
toward utilizing those budgetary approach legitimate estimation for store get carried through
which separate operations figured out how done a deliberate way. It incorporates every last one
of liabilities (Lambert and Sponem, 2012). Furthermore speculation which are setting off to be
occurring throughout a quite a while.
Managerial accounting may be a transform through which transient choice could
gatherings give reductions done long run. These acts incorporate giving work to salary, wages,
incentives and also instalment to hour labours and so forth throughout this way, observing and
stock arrangement of all instrumentation may be. For the greater part such things it will be
compulsory on them for get ready a differentiate section of such kind from claiming liabilities
through which they might help out for their schedule use.
The plan arranging will be a vital assignment which a association must finish. This support them
with discover every last one of danger ahead of time and get ready so that overcoming from them
in a time permits suiting way (Morales and Lambert, 2013). Alongside this a plan have control
transform around which every last one of things ought to must get done:
1. Empowers the chiefs to use every last one of assets for a legitimate and ideal way. This push
the viable attempting and thus decrease those wastage.
9

2. Provide smoothness to attempting by empowering know control framework with finish their
genuine needs.
3. Gatherings give an acceptable picture for every last one of things which they must finish on
close to future.
4. Encourage the administrators to inspect their execution as well as their units.
These things need aid supportive in correct estimation and use about plan. These
components would supportive for making the survival of the shares of organization smooth birch
Also suitable (Papaspyropoulos and et. al., 2012).
Those plan need as a rule three principle sorts through which a association might dispense their
subsidizing. These three sorts need aid those fundamental arranging instruments under those
budgetary control framework. There are three major type of budget are identified which can use
by Triplex safety glass so that they can allocate their resources in an appropriate manner:
1. Financial budget
2. Operating budget
3. Non monetary budget
Financial budget is one in which all the finance related activities are taking place. This is
usually prepared for the whole accounting year in which every single investment and expenses
are going to include. This is helpful for identifying the area which really required investment and
have to improve. Triplex safety glass have to prepare this budget in starting of every financial
year so that authority can take appropriate decision for everyday activities and set several short
term as well as long term objectives.
Triplex Safety Glass must define their budgetary plan in a correct way. Additionally they must
make this methodology adaptable (Parker, 2012). Similar to in the event of crisis for insufficinet
plan they must dispense a few that's only the tip of the iceberg add up will such offices which
need that.
Operating budget is helpful in determining the day to day operations of a business. A
budget have to include all the activities which are taking place in daily routine. This is helpful for
an organisation to manage their every activity and manage their cost which leads to incur on
them. Managers play a vital role in managing the operating budget as they are in direct relation
with regular operations of an entity. Triplex safety glass have to prepare operating budget for an
10

their operational department so that they can manage every over and under cost of their goods
and services.
Cited firm bargain clinched alongside on windscreen for glasses things thereabouts that
now and then they bear the questionable matter. previously, suppliers value and so on. Alongside
this those rates got secondary of a percentage items which will be also not anticipate. This
expansion those expense of operation which is not suitableness to an association.
P5 Use of various methods on responds on different financial problems
Managerial accounting will be a a standout amongst those best elective system for money
related bookkeeping through which successful choice could undertake those foundation about
manageress reports. Reports are uphold on the premise for weekly and month to month
dissection. There about these short run choice provide for profits with them on their long run.
Supervisors make the vital steps for whatever activities. This support them in foray out
every last bit of their issues to a particular time period moreover they would setting off on wrist
bindings every and each movement clinched alongside in a best possible way. Manageress
accounting furnish a short point of interest about tasks which would done transform. If managers
use this concept properly then it confirms their long term survival and they become able to
overcome from any issue(Quinn, 2014).
Similar to assuming that reference organisation needs to extend their business. This
needs additional measure of cash on in this concern they necessity a portion vehicle as well as
energy. Additionally not withstanding they must include a percentage cost in items a direct result
they must set their edge through which their productivity could not get decline.
Management have to investigate their books and financial statement in an adequate
manner so that they can respond to every problem in an appropriate manner. There are many
problems arise due to lack of finance. On the basis of such statement, adequate decision have to
carried down which are beneficial in long term context.
Besides manageress bookkeeping help, inspect the weekly, month to month and quarterly
reports of the business. There abouts in the event that firm may be enduring starting with any
fiscal crises they might drop down their ticket about new one task on the place of such tasks
which give acceptable low result (Simons, 2013). When they got those deviation they if must fill
in on the individuals. In this way that they could beat starting with every last one of budgetary
issues.
11

Plans preparation is a standout amongst those best system which unicorn grocery might
utilization to get out whatever sort of budgetary issue. This aides them should plan such plan
which will be for the transient. This give adaptability Previously, particular procedure.
Their general working requirement every day supply for merchandise and different things.
Alongside this they likewise necessity general instalment to their suppliers. In this concern they
need an ever increasing amount measure of cash (Strumickas and Valanciene, 2015). Also they
must control their stocks thus that their costs don't get helter skelter Furthermore wastage from
claiming assets get dismissed.
Triplex safety glass have to use their financial statement while they are dealing with
many problems which are taking place in business and its operations. Thus, managers and
leaders have to take adequate decision on the basis of such reports. A major advantage of
managerial accounting is that reports get framed on short term basis and thus decision taking
process become easy and appropriate. On the basis of such things, business can respond to all the
problems and issues in effective manner.
CONCLUSION
It will be inferred starting with those over report card that a association must use
powerful methodologies through which their undertakings get effective. Manageress accounting
may be a technique which gives the short point of interest from claiming undertakings and
exercises which commenced to weekly, monthly and quarterly basis. Additionally the expense
estimation transform is necessary through which know goes about cosset could a chance to be
measure. Toward directing those proper approach money related issues could set for and this
push those supportability of a firm on long run.
12

REFERENCES
Ahadiat, N., 2013. In search of practice-based topics for management accounting education.
Available at SSRN 2355853.
Arroyo, P., 2012. Management accounting change and sustainability: an institutional approach.
Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change. 8(3). pp.286-309.
Bodie, Z., 2013. Investments. McGraw-Hill.
Cadez, S. and Guilding, C., 2012. Strategy, strategic management accounting and performance: a
configurational analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems. 112(3). pp.484-501.
Caglio, A. and Ditillo, A., 2012. Opening the black box of management accounting information
exchanges in buyer–supplier relationships. Management Accounting Research. 23(2). pp.61-78.
Contrafatto, M. and Burns, J., 2013. Social and environmental accounting, organisational change
and management accounting: A processual view. Management Accounting Research. 24(4).
pp.349-365.
DRURY, C.M., 2013. Management and cost accounting. Springer.
Fullerton, R.R., Kennedy, F.A. and Widener, S.K., 2013. Management accounting and control
practices in a lean manufacturing environment. Accounting, Organizations and Society. 38(1).
pp.50-71.
Fullerton, R.R., Kennedy, F.A. and Widener, S.K., 2014. Lean manufacturing and firm
performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices. Journal of
Operations Management. 32(7). pp.414-428.
Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015. Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning.
Lambert, C. and Sponem, S., 2012. Roles, authority and involvement of the management
accounting function: a multiple case-study perspective. European Accounting Review. 21(3).
pp.565-589.
Morales, J. and Lambert, C., 2013. Dirty work and the construction of identity. An ethnographic
study of management accounting practices. Accounting, Organizations and Society. 38(3).
pp.228-244.
Papaspyropoulos, K.G and et. al., 2012. Challenges in implementing environmental management
accounting tools: the case of a nonprofit forestry organization. Journal of Cleaner Production.
29. pp.132-143.
13

Parker, L.D., 2012. Qualitative management accounting research: Assessing deliverables and
relevance. Critical perspectives on accounting. 23(1). pp.54-70.
Quinn, M., 2014. Stability and change in management accounting over time—A century or so of
evidence from Guinness. Management Accounting Research. 25(1). pp.76-92.
Simons, R., 2013. Performance Measurement and Control Systems for Implementing Strategy
Text and Cases: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed.
Strumickas, M. and Valanciene, L., 2015. Research of management accounting changes in
Lithuanian business organizations. Engineering Economics. 63(4).
ter Bogt, H. and van Helden, J., 2012. The practical relevance of management accounting
research and the role of qualitative methods therein: the debate continues. Qualitative Research
in Accounting & Management. 9(3). pp.265-273.
Ward, K., 2012. Strategic management accounting. Routledge.
ONLINE
What are the Different Types of Management Accounting Systems? 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-management-accounting-
systems.htm>. [Accessed on 22nd June 2017].
14

15