Assignment on Management Accounting on Oshodi plc Ltd

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MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P1 Explaining management accounting and presenting essential requirements of different
types of system............................................................................................................................1
P2 explaining different methods used for management accounting reporting............................4
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................5
P3 Cost analysis using marginal and absorption costing............................................................5
Income Statement using absorption costing of Oshodi Plc for the month of November and
December....................................................................................................................................8
Interpretations.............................................................................................................................9
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................10
P4 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different types of planning tools which are
used for budgetary control .......................................................................................................10
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................13
P5 comparison between companies adopting management accounting systems for responding
financial problems.....................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16
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INTRODUCTION
Management accounting is presentation analysis of the financial data to make decisions
related to the management of business (Upping and Oliver, 2016).MA is application of the
professional knowledge and skills that prepare information in a way which assists manager in the
formulation of policies, planning and control of organisational operations (Phan, Baird and Su,
2017) . It creates various accounting charts which helps to forecast the sales and costing of the
company. Objective of management accounting is to aid in decision making of the company.
This report is based on the Oshodi plc Ltd. which is a manufacturing company of United
kingdom. Company is specialisation in JOJO fruit juice across the ages and brackets. This report
will include management accounting and presenting essential requirements of different types of
system and different methods used for management accounting reporting. This will also
highlight different methods used for management accounting reporting. Further report will
consider advantages and disadvantages of different types of planning tools used for budgetary
control and comparison between companies adopting management accounting systems for
responding financial problems.
LO 1
P1 Explaining management accounting and presenting essential requirements of different types
of system.
Management accounting:- MA provision for financial data and advice for a company that
use in the organisational development of the business. MA is presentation of analysis of business
activities to internal management that facilitates the decision making. In simple terms,
management accounting is application of the professional knowledge and skills that prepare
information in a way which assists manager in the formulation of policies, planning and control
of organisational operations (Armitage, Webb and Glynn, 2016). MA is also called managerial
accounting that focuses analysing cost associated with company’s operations and thereby
prepares financial reports that helps manager in decision making aspects.
Different types of management accounting system:-
There are various types of management accounting systems available which can be used
by Oshodi plc Ltd for the purpose of decision making. Such systems are discussed below.
Job costing system
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This system focuses on assigning manufacturing cost to the each individual product while
keeping the track on expense monitoring. Oshodi plc Ltd can use this system when the products
are identical to each other to keep the records of the expenses. Job costing system is suitable in
the organisation where different types of products are produces and which in turn different from
each other and has significant cost. This is also called separate costing method because it results
the cost of the all the products on separate basis (Burney and Malina, 2019). Job costing is
compared with the estimated cost and indicate the whether the actual cost and estimated cost has
difference. Job costing is essential because of the helps in the evaluation of the costing of the
different products and different departments.
Advantages of Job costing
Cost Analysis:- Job costing helps in the analysis of cost it determines the expenses
before producing a product. It helps in analysing cost pertaining to the material, overhead
and wages associated with different departments and production of different products in
Oshodi Plc.
Cost control:- Job costing maintain the actual cost of products and helps to reduce the
cost of the production by estimating and facilitating the cost control.
Profitability:- It reduces the extra cost incurred on production which increase the
profitability and also it finds out the profit position of the Oshodi. Cost estimation:- It helps in the estimating the future cost of the production by
evaluating past reports and changes of the prices.
Disadvantages of Job costing
Complex system:- job costing is a complex system which take more time and extra
management effort of Oshodi Plc (Kaur and Lodhia, 2019). It also requires more clerical
works to record labour cost, overhead cost and material cost.
Expensive system:- job costing is a expensive system because it of various paper works
required for the different products or department.
Price optimisation system
This system is used to take control of the prices of the different resources. The system is
assist into deciding the prices of different resources at same point of time. It also helps in
evaluating the demand fluctuation at the distinct price levels (Bedford and Speklé, 2018). It is
mathematical analysis which determine how consumers react to the different price levels. Oshodi
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plc Ltd. use this system for the record the responses of the customers at the different price levels
and assist to maximise the operating profit of organisation.
Advantages of Price optimisation systems
Time saving:- Price optimisation system significantly reduce the internal manual time of
development of prices in the organisation (Sands, Lee. and Fonseka, 2016). It fewer the
prices decision time of Oshodi plc Ltd. Market transparency:- when the prices are decided according the suitability of the
customers than it creates market transparency.
Disadvantages of Price optimisation system
Crawling:- it means that the price of the products of Oshodi can be manipulated by a
group or persons of a group.
Complexity:- uses of the price optimisation system is complex task in itself because
there is bulk of data available for the solutions.
Cost accounting system
This system helps the organisation to estimate the cost of the production and analysis of
the made of organisational profitability, cost control and inventory management. Estimation of
the accurate costing of products assist to evaluate the profits of the organisation (Nuhu, Baird
and Appuhami, 2016). Two system use by cost accounting is job order costing and process
costing. Job order costing means that to accumulate the manufacturing costs individually for
each job. Process costing done for the calculation of process cost of the each separate process. It
is essential for the Oshodi plc Ltd because it suggests new methods of production and reduce
cost.
Advantages of cost accounting system
Reduce waste and losses:- It eliminates the waste, losses and inefficiencies by fixing the
standards of every aspects in Oshodi Plc. Reduce cost:- New and improved methods of the production helps to reduce the cost of
production of the organisation also, it helps in the cost control.
Disadvantages of cost accounting system
It based on the past performance of Oshodi Plc which makes future decisions but it not
always helpful for the organisation.
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Inventory management system
This management system is concerned with the supervision and management of stock and
non-capitalised assets of the firm. Oshodi plc Ltd. use this system to achieve the effective and
efficient flow of the inventory within the organisation and at sales stores (El-Shishini, 2017). It is
essential because it provides the details about re-ordering period and danger stock level of the
Oshodi . Different methods used in inventory are LIFO which means stock which comes at last
will go first. In FIFO stock that comes comes at first will go out first and another method is
average inventory method where inventory rates are taken on average and goods are moved out
at calculated average rate.
Advantages of inventory management system
Inventory management keeps the business activities of Oshodi streamlined. It ensures the smooth production operations by maintaining reasonable stock.
Disadvantages of inventory management system
Effective inventory control system can reduce the risk but cannot eliminate the risk in
company.
It is a complex work because it has to perform many functions.
P2 explaining different methods used for management accounting reporting
The various management accounting reports are used for the regulating, planning
decision making and measuring performance. This reports is generated through the accounting
and book keeping period according to the requirements of the management because many critical
and complex decisions are taken on the basis of the accounting reports in the organisation (Leite,
Fernandes and Leite, 2016). Oshodi plc Ltd should carefully craft this report because these
reports are helping company to take future decisions. Managers analyse these reports and covert
this into the useful information. Different types of management reports are disused below.
Budget Reports
Budget is a managerial accounting report that contain the details about the overall budget
of company. It plays critical role in measuring performance of the business. It is generated as
whole for the small businesses and in the big size organisation it developed department wise.
Budget is created by Oshodi to understand the overall grand scheme of the business (Watts,
Bowrey and McNair-Connolly, 2015). Reports related to the budget guide managers for better
incentive for employees, renegotiate with the vendors and suppliers and cut cost so that it can be
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says that budget reports are critical for the businesses. It helps to control expenditure of Oshodi
so that it does not make overspending.
Accounting Receivable Aging reports
This types of reports are concern with the managing the accounts receivable of the
companies which are engaged in the extending the credit sales. It is important report if Oshodi
Plc is engaged in the credit sales. Report breakdown the debtors on the basis of the time they
take credit sales from the firm. This will help Oshodi Plc to find out the defaulters as well as the
issues of collection process (Niblock, Sinnewe and Heng, 2017). If managers find many
defaulters than company should evaluate their credit policies and tighter the policies of credits.
There is always some bad debts that needs to be written off but the firm cannot make it habit.
Cost managerial accounting report
Managerial accounting computes the cost of the product that manufactured by the
operation department. All the raw material cost, labour cost, overhead cost and any extra added
cost of the products that is incurred on the production. Total cost is divided by the amount of the
products produced in the business. This report helps managers of Oshodi to realise the cost of a
single product and selling price of product (Ahmad, 2017). Profit margin is calculated as selling
price over the production cost, profits are estimated and monitored through the managerial
report. This report is giving clear the picture of all the expenses and all the incomes which is
essential for the better optimisation of the resources to Oshodi.
Performance Reports
This reports are created for the review of the performance of organisation. It assists to
ascertain the actual performance of the company as well as the employees working in firm.
Department performance reports also prepared in the large organisations (Durocher, Bujaki and
Brouard, 2016). Managers use this reports to measure the key strategic management decisions
about the future performance. Employees are always awarded for their performance in the
organisation also they get the works done in the times. Performance report is helping Oshodi to e
assess performance of employees and reward them accordingly.
LO 2
P3 Cost analysis using marginal and absorption costing
Cost
Cost refers to amount that is spent by company for producing goods or services.
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Marginal Costing
Marginal costing refers to cost of producing one additional output unit. Concept is used
for determining optimal production quantity that company can produce with least cost for
producing each additional output.
Absorption Costing
It is also a cost accounting tool for expensing costs that are associated to manufacturing a
product. Some direct costs include wages, raw materials and all overhead costs. Absorption
costing has the tendency of including everything which is a direct cost and used in production of
goods.
Different techniques of cost calculations
A) Marginal Costing
Income Statement using Marginal Costing of Oshodi Plc for the month of November and
December
Marginal Costing
Profit or Loss statement of Oshodi PLC for November and December
November December
Particular
s
Price
per
unit Units GBP GBP
Price
per
unit Units GBP GBP
Selling
price 50 10000 500000 50 12000 600000
Less: Cost of goods
sold
Op. Stock @ 25 25 2000 50000
Cost of Prodn
variable 12000 300000 10000 250000
2000
Less: Cl. Stock @
25 2000 50000 300000
250000
Cost of Prodn 5 10000 50000 5 12000 60000
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variable
300000 300000 240000 2400000
Contributio
n 200000 360000
Less: Cost of Prodn
Fixed 200000 240000
Production Cost 99000 99000
Selling
Cost 14000 14000
Administration Cost 26000 139000 26000 139000
Net Profit 61000 101000
Profit as per Marginal Costing of
Nov. and Dec.
November 61000
December 101000
162000
Calculations:
Marginal Costing
Particulars GBP GBP
per unit
Selling
Price 50
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Direct Raw Material 18
Direct Labour 4
Producion Overhead
Variable 3
Total 25 25
Contributio
n 25
Working Note 1
Calculations of Variable Costing
Particulars GBP
Direct Raw Material 18
Direct Labour 4
Producion Overhead
Variable 3
Total Variable cost 25
Working Note 2
Particulars GBP GBP
Selling
Price 50
Production cost variable 25
Selling overhead variable 5
30 30
Contribution p.u. 20
Working Note 3
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Selling overhead variable 10% of sales value
50*10%
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Interpretations
Using the approach of marginal costing net profits of company for November is 61000
where for December is 101000. Company is having difference because of using marginal
costing. It does not give accurate results as all costs are not considered in this approach.
B )Absorption Costing
Income Statement using absorption costing of Oshodi Plc for the month of November and
December
Absorption Costing
Profit or Loss statement of Oshodi For November and December
November December
Particular
s Unit GBP GBP Units GBP GBP
Selling
Price 10000 500000 12000 600000
Less: Cost of goods
sold
Op. Stock @ 34 2000 68000
Absorbed Prodn Cost 12000 408000 10000 340000
2000 68000
340000 340000 408000 408000
Gross
Profit 160000 192000
Adj. for Under/Over
Absorption 9000 -9000
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16900 183000
Less: Overhead Cost
Selling Overhead
variable 50000 60000
Selling Overhead fixed 14000 14000
Admin overhead Fixed 26000 90000 26000 100000
Net profits 79000 83000
Calculation for Under/ Over Absorption for Oshodi PLC for November and
December
Month
Units of
Prodn.
O/H
absorbed
p.u.
Total
Absorptio
n
Actual
O/H
Under/ Over
Absorption
November 12000 9 108000 99000 9000
December 10000 9 90000 99000 -9000
Calculations
Working Note 1
Normal Production
Level 11000 units
Overhead cost Fixed 99000
Fixed O/H absorbed
99000/1100
0
GBP 9
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Total
Prodn
Cost Variable Cost + Fixed O/H absorbed
Variable Cost 25
Fixed O/H absorbed 9
Total Prodn Cost 34 per unit
Interpretations
From the above it is identified that company is having profits of company using
absorption costing is 79000 for the month of November and 83000 for the month of December.
In the month of November Company had over absorption of 9000 and under absorption of 9000
in the month of December. Company should adopt absorption costing as it is more accurately
tracking the profits of business when compared to marginal costing.
LO 3
P4 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different types of planning tools which are used
for budgetary control
Budgeting is a technique used for formulating plans for future in numerical terms. Budgets can
be prepared by organisation for different units, divisions and departments for whole organisation.
Budgets are generally prepared for one financial year and to express financial terms. Budgets are
the base of most financial control system that help organisation to control its expenses. Reasons
of preparing budgets is to help managers to coordinate resources. They define standards which
are required for control systems. Mainly they provide clear guidelines to achieve organisational
goals with the available resources also it will help to evaluate the performance of company.
Budgets provide input which can be used for doing comparison between actual performance and
predetermined standards (Lasyoud, Haslam and Roslender, 2018). This in turn helps in
identifying loopholes take place in financial performance and gives indication for performance
improvement.
There are different types of budgets which can be used by Oshodi Plc for the purpose of
budgetary control such as:
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.Financial budgets
Financial budgets are prepared for organisation's cash related factors. It generally
accounts for cash inflows over the coming period and the budgets are made for deciding the
proper spending's of cash. The sources of cash budget include revenues, sale of assets, stock
issues and loans. They are prepared so that expenses that are to be made by company do not go
out of the control. Financial budgets are divided into sub parts
Cash Budget
Cash budgets are prepared as forecast of future cash receipts that will flow to company
and the budgets than make appropriate disbursements of cash over the required expenses. This
budgets are prepared for breaking the inflows and outflows of cash in daily, weekly and monthly
for enabling organisation to meet its current obligations (Hiebl, 2018).
Advantages
The advantage of cash budget is that it helps company to recognise the cash availability,
surpluses helps company to plan for investment plans.
Cash budgets help company to have effective control over its cash.
Disadvantage
Disadvantage of cash budget is that sudden economic changes may lead to failure of
budget and because of it the prepared budgets may lead to overspending in company.
Cash budgets are too rigidly followed by company which times affect the process quality
(Kaur and Lodhia, 2019).
Capital Expenditure Budget.
The focus of capital budget of financial budget is on capital assets of company like plant
and machinery, new equipment’s, land and buildings and other related assets. Organisation
acquire such capital assets through outside borrowings like banks and financial institutions, by
issuing bonds or stocks. These budgets helps organisation to prepare the proper plans and
sources through which they are going to fulfil their demand. Budgets show the amount to be
spend by company on purchasing different capital assets for company (Sands, Lee. and Fonseka,
2016).
Advantages
The advantage of cash budget is that they provide structured plan of their large
investments that are related to capital expenditure.
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That help organisation to move in right direction with prepared plan. It helps into understand the various type risks involved in the investment opportunities
and effects of those risk on the business.
Disadvantages
Disadvantage of capital budgets is that are time consuming and slight change in budget
will affect the whole structure of business.
Capital budgeting decisions are generally in long term nature and majorly this are
irreversible.
A wrong decision can affect the long term decision of the company.
Activity Based Budgeting
Activity based budgeting are prepared prior to financial plans for creating budgets that
are operationally feasible. The budget is prepared upon activity based models followed by
Oshodi plc. The approach lays importance on different activities of company and make budgets
for each activity to fulfil operational requirement of company. Budgets are to be prepared for
operational activities as they will manage the business operation in cost effective manner (Kaur
and Lodhia, 2019).
Advantages
This budget helps company to provide better products, processes and activity costing.
It help company to make better allocation of its resources so that company can gain
maximum out of which is available. Activity based costing helps to reduce the cost by providing important information on the
opportunities available for the reducing cost.
Disadvantages
The budget avoids the financial effect on business operation of company.
The budget requires significant time resources to be successful.
This method cannot be used in the preparation of the monthly budget.
Zero Based Budgeting
Zero Based budgeting the lays emphasis on managers to take knowledge about every
spending of company. The concept of zero based budgeting is to start from zero base. In this
budgeting system manager of Oshodi Plc need to make justification of each and every expense
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that is added in budget (Zero Based Budgeting, 2019). The budgets are prepared for making new
targets every time so that previous company can make out where changes are to be made and
where to achieve effectiveness.
Advantages
The budgets have to justify for each and every expense of company that are to be
included in company. It helps in the legacy expenses are checked.
Disadvantages
It focuses on short term thinking therefore resources are shifted towards areas that are
going to generate revenues over next year.
Expenses have an increasing trend that can lead to misallocation of company resources.
Sales Budget
Sales budget helps company to plan allocation of resources so that it can achieve the
forecasted sales. Main motive behind preparing sales budget by Oshodi is to take most efficient
use of available resources for achieving the targeted sales.
Advantages
It helps in building the core strategies that will help in earning profitable returns for
company. It helps company to control the cash flows and invest more for increasing the sales level.
Disadvantages
Modifying sales budget every is time consuming process for Oshodi Plc.
Sales budget requires very accurate implementation as whole resources are allocated
according to sales forecast.
Production Budget
Production budget is prepared by Oshodi for calculating the number of units to be
manufactured, analysing the sales forecasted and the amount of inventory that have to be
available in hand. It helps the company to make available the resources that will be required for
producing the budgeted output.
Advantages
Production budget help Oshodi to make maximum utilisation of its plant and machinery. Company is able to reduce its production expense by following uniform production.
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Disadvantages
Sometimes the budgeted figures are more than the actual demand which decreases the
profit of company.
Purchase Budget
Purchase budget is part of functional budget that is prepared by company for determining the
purchases of materials and inventory. Purchase is essential so that Oshodi can allocate the cash
flows for purchases accordingly.
Advantages
It allows Oshodi to determine the material and other resources for reaching the
production and forecasted sales level. With this company is able to determine the available inventory levels which can be used
in the production. It saves the cost of company, and prevent it from purchasing excess
raw materials.
Disadvantage
Inaccuracy of purchase increases the costs for company as less purchase will raise the
ordering cost and excessive purchase will increase the carrying cost of company.
Overhead Budget
Overhead costs are prepared for calculating the expected costs of all production costs
excluding direct labour and material. The information given in manufacturing overhead budgets
become part of cost of goods sold in master budget as line item. It helps Oshodi to determine the
per unit overhead cost of manufacturing the units.
Advantages
It helps Oshodi to bifurcate between variable and fixed overhead cost incurred in
manufacturing the product. Pricing of the product can be done effectively because company can make out the per
unit cost of product.
Disadvantages
Rising overhead expense will force prices of product to go up, even when materials &
labour do not rise.
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LO 4
P5 comparison between companies adopting management accounting systems for responding
financial problems.
Management accounting is a field that involves decision making, planning and related to
performance management systems. It deals with delivering expertise in financial reports that will
help in proper formulation and execution of strategy. Company is facing issues of cost
consideration it is not able to identify the issues which are affecting its cost of production.
Variance Analysis
Variance analysis deals with quantitative investigation of difference between budgeted
and planned behaviour. The use of analysis is to maintain control over business organisation. For
effective application variance analysis, amount of variance should be effectively reviewed on
trend line, it will help company to adopt the sudden changes monthly that are creating variance.
Variance analysis analysing the root causes of differences, and the extent of variance from
expectations (El-Shishini, 2017). Detailed variance analysis helps to understand the fluctuations
in business and the necessary steps that are to be taken by company for minimizing the
variances. There are various variances used by company but commonly used are purchase price
variance, sales variance and many more.
Purchase price variance – purchase price variance is used for calculating the actual prices that are
paid for purchasing materials so that company analyse the cost that it has occurred as compared
with budgeted figures of company. It calculates the difference between previous year’s budget
and budget of current year. It is helping company to identify whether purchases made by
company are within budget and of required quality of production.
Key Performance Indicator
Key performance indicator refer to results that are measurable and used for assessing the
business performance in areas of revenues profits, return over investments, customer satisfaction
and cost control. It enables company to know the effectiveness of company in achieving its
business objectives. KPI is used by organisation at various levels for evaluating the success of
organisation in reaching its targets. KPI are used at different levels the focus of high level KPI is
on overall performance of business where low level KPI focus on departmental processes like
marketing, sales, production and others. It helps company in managing its business by setting
targets and to track performance of company towards targets. It emphasizes on improving the
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lead indicators which will drive lagging benefits of over long term of business. This will help
organisation to identify where it is lacking and to pay attention towards their improvisation. This
help company to identify the lead factors that can help the company to enhance its performance
(Upping and Oliver, 2016).With the use of this KPI Company is assessing key factors that are
affecting company in its growth. It is used for assessing specific factors where it is lacking.
Benchmarking
Benchmarking deals with the process of comparing different products, policies and
procedures of businesses to other firms or standard measurements. It is also the process of
comparing the actual results of performance with standardized performance that is known as
benchmark. Benchmarking is used for setting financial performance and budgetary performance
goals. Benchmarking is used for comparing the actual result of company and to judge the
improvements in operations of company. Cost accountants uses internal benchmarking, they
review the past performances and accordingly set standards for future. External benchmarking is
used by companies for comparing themselves with other companies in industry. This technique
helping organisation to achieve its targeted objective within time. Companies are using this
techniques for setting standards based on past performances and making significant changes in
area of improvement by applying new strategies and procedures that are more effective than the
previous ones (Armitage, Webb and Glynn, 2016). It is applied for comparing results from the
set standards and to take steps which are necessary for key improvements for achieving the
standards.
Balance Scorecard
Balance scorecard refers to performance targets sets and results that shows organisational
performance for meeting objectives of business and its stakeholders. It refers to management tool
tool which recognises responsibility of organisation to stakeholder groups like employees
customers, business partners community and shareholders. There are different needs of
stakeholders which manager of the organisation are required to balance. Scorecards measures the
performance of organisation in comparison to concerns of competing stakeholders. The company
is able to identify its various internal functions of business so that they can improvise their
operations. Balance score cards helping it to identify qualitative aspects of company's cost issues.
This method helps to identify growth and performance of employees because of which company
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might be lacking. They give them idea about the needs and requirements of staff so that they do
not reduce their efficiency.
Financial governance: It implies for the technique which is undertaken by the managers
for collecting, managing, monitoring and controlling monetary information. This technique is
highly effectual which Oshodi Plc can employ for responding monetary problem. Moreover, in
this, specific guidelines, rules and procedures are followed for dealing with financial issues.
Comparison
Companies use different management accounting systems that are helping organisation to
grow and improvise their operations. It is helping them to deal with various financial problems
that are effecting the organisational operation of business.
Oshodi plc Real Fruit Juice
Oshodi plc is using variance analysis tool in
its management accounting as it help to
extract differences at various levels. But using
variance analysis Oshodi is able to investigate
the causes of variance. If company is able to
identify where the loopholes are than it only
have to improvise strategies related to that
issue. Oshodi have solved various financial
problems thorough variance analysis as it is
using this tool at every level to identify the
differences from its set standards.
Company like Real Fruit Juice are using
benchmarking and key performance
indicators tools to face their financial issues.
Benchmarking is effective but it only gives
targets to the company that are to be achieved
by them within given time frame. In
deviations new standards are set but they are
not able to identify the root causes of
deviations (Burney and Malina, 2019).
CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that management accounting is very important
for business. Companies for their success has to adopt different management tools in their
business. It is important for companies to know that management accounting tools and their
requirements. Management accounting tools are important for the organisation. This report
concludes that job costing an important accounting system which focus on the cost on the basis
of the production of the products or department wise. This report summarised the methods for
management accounting reporting in which budgetary control is important.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ahmad, K., 2017. The implementation of management accounting practices and its relationship
with performance in small and medium enterprises. International Review of Management
and Marketing. 7(1). pp.342-353.
Armitage, H.M., Webb, A. and Glynn, J., 2016. The use of management accounting techniques
by small and medium‐sized enterprises: a field study of Canadian and Australian
practice. Accounting Perspectives. 15(1). pp.31-69.
Bedford, D. S. and Speklé, R. F., 2018. Constructs in survey-based management accounting and
control research: An inventory from 1996 to 2015. Journal of Management Accounting
Research. 30(2). pp.269-322.
Burney, L. L. and Malina, M. A. eds., 2019. Advances in Management Accounting.
Durocher, S., Bujaki, M. and Brouard, F., 2016. Attracting millennials: Legitimacy management
and bottom-up socialization processes within accounting firms. Critical perspectives on
Accounting. 39. pp.1-24.
El-Shishini, H. M., 2017. The use of management accounting techniques at hotels in
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Hiebl, M. R., 2018. Management accounting as a political resource for enabling embedded
agency. Management Accounting Research. 38. pp.22-38.
Kaur, A. and Lodhia, S. K., 2019. Sustainability accounting, accountability and reporting in the
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