Management Accounting Systems and Reporting

This document provides an introduction to management accounting and different types of management accounting systems. It also describes various methods of management accounting reporting used by organizations. The document further explains cost analysis techniques and demonstrates how to prepare an income statement using marginal or absorption costing method. The content is based on the case of Creams Ltd, a UK-based company in the food industry.

Management
Accounting
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Explain management accounting and different types of management accounting systems
along with its essential requirement............................................................................................1
P2. Describe different method of management accounting reporting which are used by
organizations................................................................................................................................3
M1. Benefits of management accounting systems......................................................................4
D1. Critically evaluate that how management accounting systems and management
accounting reporting are integrated within organisational processes..........................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P3. Calculate cost by using appreciate cost analysis techniques and prepare income statement
by using marginal or absorption costing method.........................................................................5
M2. Apply range of management accounting techniques and generate financial reporting
statements....................................................................................................................................9
D2.Produce financial reports that accurately apply and interpret data for a range of business
activities.......................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10

P4. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different types of planning tools used
for budgetary control...............................................................................................................10
M3. Analyze the use of different planning tools and their application for preparing
budgets and forecasts..............................................................................................................12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P5. Compare how organizations are adapting management accounting systems to
respond to financial problems................................................................................................12
M4.Analyze how, in responding to financial problems, management accounting can lead
organizations to sustainable success......................................................................................14
D3.Evaluate how planning tools for accounting respond appropriately to solving financial
problems to lead organizations to sustainable success..............................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
Management accounting is defined as an accounting method that helps an organization to
function better(Weetman, 2019) (Muller, 2019). This can be described as implementing
management approaches and knowledge required to assist all department heads in managing and
controlling the business. It focuses on accounting aspects. The primary role in accounting units is
the compilation and analysis of data. Managers have used the gathered information to routinely
decide. Management accounting required information for managers to fulfil strategic
requirements. In financial reports various management decisions are presented.This report is
based on Grant Thornton which is UK based company and provides professional network
services.They offer financial services to their clients and Creams Limited is one of them. It is UK
based medium size organization which offersice creams, doughnuts, waffles etc.
This assessment covers several topics such as management accounting systems, range of
different accounting techniques which are used to evaluate operational performance. In addition,
it involves planning tools that are used for budgetary control and further evaluate the ways which
helps firms to resolve their financial issues through implementing range of management
accounting techniques.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1. Explain management accounting and different types of management accounting systems
along with its essential requirement
Managerial accounting is an accounting division that deals with the identification,
calculation, review, and evaluation of accounting data so that it can be always had to help
managers make the required decisions to handle the activities of a organization
effectively(Singhand Verma, 2018). In order to perform accounting activities, there are several
management accounting systems which are used by the Creams Limited to improve their
operational efficiency as well as effectiveness. Some of them are as follow:
Cost accounting system: It is known to be the type of accounting management approach
encompassing a variety of activities as well as monetary factors(Cristea, 2018). For businesses it
is necessary to keep costs under estimated. In the Cream Ltd context, this accounting is used to
keep the costs of sales below the estimated costs. The main purpose of this system is to
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concentrate as much as feasible on keeping the costs of various activities lower. Cost accounting
system essentially required by the Creams Ltd to estimate their product cost and make sure that,
production cost will not going to exceed. Otherwise, it minimise the profit margin which is not
good for the company to run their production so long in this situations.
Inventory management system: The inventory management system is an instrument for
improved stock control across the distribution chain of the company(Welsh, 2018). In Creams
limited the entire delivery process from placing an order to vendors is controlled by this
approach and makes the entire route of one business towards the customer. Through
using inventory management system, sales companies, suppliers, producers, and vendors may
make their businesses successful through making appropriate stock buying decisions. The
program contains critical methodologies such as LIFO, FIFO and Average Costs. Corrective
steps are important for businesses to take to control stored inventories. Company follow FIFO
inventory method in order to avoid wastage or damage due to store stock for longer period. Due
to this reason, this system essentially required by the organization to keep tracks their inventory
position and make further buying decisions accordingly.
Job order costing: The method of job order tracks the cost of each function within the
company. The management will closely monitor the costs of each job and assess if the real costs
produced are fairly similar and the costs estimated are higher (Hashorva and et.al., 2018). Large
cost shortfalls would compel managers to evaluate and enforce proactive measures to fix the
cause of cost increases. This method gathers and absorbs costs for individual jobs, tasks or work
orders. The cost of each function is correctly measured and each job is individually defined.
They apply such accounting method in the dimension of the above business, in order to
efficiently control the cost of each job. By using this accounting system, managers of Cream Ltd
can formulate effective strategies which are essentially required evaluating each order cost and
taking necessary actions accordingly.
Price optimising system: This is a type of management system which involves a detailed
pricing system and customer satisfaction requirements (Bottomleyand Bosman, 2018). This
method of accounting lets companies obtain valuable business trends and information on
customer demands. Basically this accounting method is essential for businesses to change the
market level of products and services. In the case of chosen business their marketing department
adjusts pricing strategies according to the desires of the customer. By using this system,
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managers set the product price which satisfy consumers as well as meet business objectives. It is
essentially required for the organizations to set suitable price which increase consumers’
willingness to buy goods and services.
Above discussed management accounting systems are very useful for organization to
perform their operational activities and make sure that it will maximise their efficiency as well as
effectiveness. By using these systems, managers of Creams Ltd build effective strategies to
maximise their production, profitability, performance and minimise overall cost of
manufacturing to meet their business goals & objectives.
P2. Describe different method of management accounting reporting which are used by
organizations
Job costing report: Job costing reports are administrative mechanisms used to assess the
performance of a project or output against a defined or expected norm(Quilty, Cosentinoand
Bagby, 2018). They have been used in areas of the market and their associated industries. The
primary objective of reporting on job costing is to recognize differences or favourable results,
typically as financial values. These can be used for recording results in both monetary and
statistical growth. This report assesses the amount of production as against time. When volume
falls within a given time limit, the primary reason must be resolved by management. Many
sources describe the quantity and waste of the raw materials such as chocolate, sugar and nuts.
The final average production cost per unit is measured to the norm when the reports are
merged.Creams Ltd uses this reporting technique to record particular job cost and further
strategic decisions take accordingly.
Inventory management report:This report provides information on the stock of goods in
warehouse. This report is designed with the aid of the inventory management program (Hicks
and et.al., 2019). Main objective of this report is to support the department of production in
taking the necessary actions regarding how many units are required. Above mentioned company
such as Creams Ltd in compliance with the details of this study, manufactures various types of
food items.This report used by the organizations to keep track inventory level for the
manufacturing purpose and makes sure to avoid the situations like shortage of raw material as
well as wastage due to order bulk material at one time. This report helps the managers to
estimate accurate volume of raw material for manufacturing of goods.
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Operating budget report:It shows the company's estimated profits and related costs for the
current year, usually the following year and is also displayed in the style of an income statement
(Fleischmanand McLean, 2020). Management usually goes through the process of preparing the
plan before the next year begins and then conducts continuing updates every month. An
operating budget report may consist of a high-level overview plan, accompanied by information
in the budget to substantiate each line item. Managers of Creams Ltd follow this report and
prepare all it, which include the estimated revenue or cost of production that further helps to take
managerial decisions or build strategies.
Accounts receivable aging report: This contains information on both the volume of
debtors who are responsible to businesses without the appropriate selling date. The report's
purpose is to assist the division of finance to formulate clear policies and tactics. The financial
department in the Creams Ltd produce this report by using vital information to recover payments
from debtors on deadline.The report is arranged by customer name, with those invoices
expressed immediately below client name of each consumer, generally sorted by either payment
number or date of invoice.
Performance reports: A performance report deals with a person's result of an action or function.
The report will equate real results with a estimate or norm and the discrepancy between both the
two figures(Feldmanand Paul, 2019). If there is an adverse difference, the receiver of a results
assessment is supposed to take action. This report is not only to measure employee’s
performance, but also evaluate the overall performance of the organization.On the basis of
performance report, management provide rewards to their employees and plays as motivation
factor which improve their overall performance and productivity.
Above mention reports are used by the managers of Creams Ltd to measure the
performance of organization. Using above discussed reports managers able to formulate
strategies which required to enhance employees as well as business efficiency.
M1. Benefits of management accounting systems
Cost accounting system is the measurement of the actual degree of volatility is related to
the control of overall expenditure for particular activities. This accounting approach is used in
the field of Creams Ltd to track actual production costs and to manage over-estimated
operations. Job order costing is beneficial for businesses in quantifying the cost of each produced
output number (An, Wang, Emrouznejad, 2020). Such accounting is done by calculating and
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evaluating the costs of workers in the above organization for an examination of the costs of each
produced goods. Price optimization system is enables companies to assess the price of the
product in line with the recent trend in the industry. Their logistics team sets prices of products
according to customer needs in Creams limited and as per their competitors 'actions in the area
above. The value of the inventory reserved is essentially calculated by this accounting
(Maggardand Barlow, 2018). This method of accounting is intended to reduce the processing
costs. This accounting scheme is implemented at the Creams limited to lower their cost of
production.
D1. Critically evaluate that how management accounting systems and management accounting
reporting are integrated within organisational processes
Management accounting includes a number of accounting systems and reports which are
compatible with administrative processes and companies. According to Creams Ltd, specific
departments are related to accounting systems. The market optimisation program is integrated
into the sales department as a way of growing selling revenues. Accounting Statements are often
aligned with the sales cycle, near the accounting systems. Inventory report is in relation to the
unit of development. In the latter organization, for example their managers use various reports
for corrective steps in the retail sector.In order to run business process properly, managers of
Creams Ltd need to implement various systems such as inventory management to keep track
their stock level and then prepare inventory report to review level or make decisions accordingly.
TASK 2
P3. Calculate cost by using appreciate cost analysis techniques and prepare income statement by
using marginal or absorption costing method
There are various types of cost which has different nature and these are discussed below:
Fixed cost:Fixed costs are costs which will not alter with each increasing or decreasing in the
quantity of products or services manufactured or sold. Leasing, insurance premiums, or mortgage
payments are fixed costs(Modell, 2014). Fixed costs will build economy of scale that is
decreases in per-unit costs by increasing the amount of production. This concept is often called
marginal cost decrease. At the end, all prices are ultimately variable.
Variable cost:Variable costs are company's expenses which change in relation to the
performance of the output. Depending on the level of output of a business variable costs increase
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or decrease. They rise as output rises and decline as production decreases. Examples of variable
costs included the raw material and shipping costs.
Real cost:The cumulative real cost involved in producing a perishable product or service
to customers. For Creams Ltd, the overall cost of production usually involves the cost of all
measurable resources such as labour and raw materials used in the manufacturing process.
Prime cost:Prime costs are the expenditures of a business which are directly linked to the
products and resources used in manufacturing. The prime cost estimates the direct costs of the
raw materials and labour involved in manufacturing an item. Direct costs such as advertisement
and operating costs and do not include indirect expenses.
Total cost:The overall cost of a product portfolio contains not only the variable cost of the
items sold as well as the cost of marketing and operating the manufacturing line on which goods
are produced. View of the overall cost for the project.
Average cost:The average cost is the cost of production per unit which is calculated by
multiplying overall cost (TC) by total production (Q). By the cost of manufacturing per unit,
company say that both the fixed and variable costs are taken into account when measuring the
overall cost(Nielsen, Mitchell and Nørreklit, 2015).
Marginal cost: It is the value of one added unit of products or services being generated.
When one extra unit is added for manufacturing that is the shift in the cost of the product. It is
evaluated to assess the stage at which an organisation's economies of scale can be achieved.
Income statement by using marginal costing method:
Particulars Januar
y
February
Sales 250,000 125,000
Less: Cost of Goods Sold
Direct Material 50,000 50,000
Direct Labour 30,000 30,000
Variable Manufacturing Overhead 20,000 20,000
Variable Selling Overhead 30,000 30,000
Closing Stock - -65000
Cost of sales 130000 65000
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Contribution 120.000 60.000
Less: Fixed Costs
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead 40,000 40,000
Fixed Selling and Administrative Overhead 30,000 30,000
Net Profits 50,000 -10,000.
Income statement by using absorption costing method:
Particulars Januar
y
February
Sales 250,000 125,000
Less: Costs of goods sold
Direct Material 50,000 50,000
Direct Labour 30,000 30,000
Variable Manufacturing Overhead 20,000 20,000
Fixed Manufacturing Overhead 40,000 40,000
Closing Stock - -14,000
Total 140,000 126,000
Gross Profit 110,000 -1,000
Add: Underabsortion of overheads 51,000
Less:
Variable Selling Overhead 30,000 30,000
Fixed Selling and Administrative Overhead 30,000 30,000
Net Profits 50,000 -10,000
Budgeted Actual
Production 1,000 1,100
Labour Hours 3,000 3,400
Labour Cost 15,000 17,680
Labour rate per unit 15 16.0727272
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Direct labour price variance = (SR – AR) x AH (15 - 16.07) * 3400 -3,638
Direct labour quantity variance = SR x (SH – AH) 16.07*(3000-3400) -6,428
Total direct labour variance = (SR x SH) – (AR x
AH)
(15 * 3000) - (16.07 *
3400) -9638
Flour for Waffles and Pancakes
Budgeted material cost per unit of the product 2kg at £10 per kg
Actual Output 1000 units
Actual material purchased and used 2200kg
Actual material cost £20,900
Actual Material Cost per units of product 2.2 kg at 10 per kg
20000
Material cost variance = (AQ X AP) – (SQ X SP) 20900 - 20000 = 900
Materials quantity variance = (AQ – SQ) x SP (2200 – 2000) * 10 = 2000
Notes:
Marginal Cost Jan Feb
Direct Material 50000 50000
Direct Labour 30000 30000
Variable Manufacturing
Overhead 20000 20000
Variable Selling Overhead 30000 30000
130000 130000
Units 10000.00 10000.00
Cost per unit 13 13
Closing Stock units - 5000
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Value of Closing Stock - 65000
Aborption Cost Jan Feb
Direct Material 50000 50000
Direct Labour 30000 30000
Variable Manufacturing
Overhead 20000 20000
Fixed Manufacturing
Overhead 40000 40000
140000 140000
Units 50000.00 50000.00
Cost per unit 2.8 2.8
Closing Stock units - 5000
Value of Closing Stock - 14000
M2. Apply range of management accounting techniques and generate financial reporting
statements
In context of organization, there are several management accounting techniques which are
used to Through different accounting methods, managers generate financial reports with the aid
of available financial data, they provide the companies 'financial status by calculating net income
or loss for the reporting period. With this knowledge, managers may formulate possible
investment decisions and plans required to carry out business operations. Gaining popularity and
significant growth in the industry is further advantageous.By using marginal or absorption
costing method, managers of Creams Ltd prepare income statement which indicates the profit or
loss for the period of January or February.
D2.Produce financial reports that accurately apply and interpret data for a range of business
activities
It has been critically evaluated that financial report are necessary to prepare, because with
the help of it managers evaluate the organization performance and future strategies
accordingly.In context of Creams Ltd, net income for the month of January and February by
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using marginal or absorption coasting methods are 50,000 and (10,000).Overall performance of
the Company reduces and it is measured with the help of income statement. After evaluating
profit or loss of the month, manager identify the reason which general loss for the company.
They need to done something to improve their operational performance otherwise ot affect the
company’s reputation or investors decision making process.
TASK 3
P4. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of different types of planning tools used for
budgetary control
Creams Ltd. makes use of these planning tools- Budgets, Cost-volume-profit analysis and
Pricing strategies. These tools have been explained in detail as follows-
Budgets-
Budget refers to an estimate of revenues and expenditures over a particular period of time
(Nørreklit, 2017). It is prepared in order to forecast the revenues and mark a limit for the
expenses so that there is a surplus not a deficit. Creams Ltd. can make use of this tool for
achieving higher efficiency and effectiveness in its operations. The types of budgets are as
follows-
Cash budget- A cash budget is used by firms in order to forecast their cash receipts and
make a limit for their cash expenditures over a certain period of time. Creams Ltd. can use it for
better forecasting of its cash and other liquid resources.
Operating budget- An operating budget can be used by organizations for estimation of
their operating incomes and expenses over a particular period of time . Creams Ltd. can use it in
order to determine the operating profit.
Master budget- A master budget is the one which is a compilation of all the budgets
prepared within an organization (Renz, 2016). It determines the overall surplus or deficit.
Creams Ltd. can use it so that it can determine the efficiency of its operations.
Advantages-
 Facilitates achievement of goals- Preparation of budget facilitates the achievement of
goals in the organization. This ensures that the goals and objectives remain within the
limit of budget in the company and proper funds are available for achieving them.
 Solving problems- Preparing a budget also helps in solving the various financial
problems which a firm may face. It ensures that that the problems can be effectively
solved related to financial matters.
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Disadvantages-
 Only considers financial outcomes- Budgets only consider the financial outcomes of a
business enterprise and completely ignore the qualitative aspects it may have. Non-
financial outcomes are not considered by the budget which is a disadvantage.
 Strategic rigidity- Preparation of budget leads to a strategic rigidity thus limiting the
flexibility of the business. Strategic rigidity can lead to a delay in decision-making which
is not good for the organization.
CVP analysis-
CVP analysis refers to estimation of break-even point after considering various factors. It
can be used by Creams Ltd. to find out its break-even point at which it neither earns
profit nor incurs a loss.
Advantages-
 Evaluation of investment proposals- CVP analysis is of immense help to the
organizations in evaluating their various investment proposals. It can evaluate the
projects which are potentially useful for the firm.
 Base for planning- CVP analysis sets up a base for planning in the enterprise by
allowing the organizations to take various decisions considering the future. It can be
useful for setting the required base for planning.
Disadvantages-
 Unrealistic assumptions- CVP analysis leads to unrealistic assumptions for calculations
which can be harmful for the prospects of firm. This can lead towards inaccuracy in the
results which are obtained.
 Difficult to do segregation- It is quite difficult to do segregation of costs according to
the assumptions of CVP analysis. Segregation of costs is extremely necessary and thus
this creates a disadvantage.
Pricing strategies-
Pricing strategies refer to tactics adopted by businesses for setting price in such a manner
so that it results in increase in profits. Creams Ltd. can use it for setting appropriate price
for its products to earn and maximize its level of profits.
Advantages-
 Increase in profits- Using an aggressive pricing strategy can increase the level of profits
in the long-run. Thus the firm can easily get ahead of its various competitors quite easily.
 Flexibility- Pricing strategies offer the flexibility to the organizations to set price
according to their choice considering the factors in the market. Being flexible helps a lot
as it can help in acting according to the situation in the market.
Disadvantages-
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 Wrong decisions- Selection of a wrong pricing strategy can result in reduction in profits
of the firm. This can impact the firm’s operations in the short-run as well as the long-run.
 Can set a high or low price- Use of pricing strategies can result in setting of high price for a
particular product and low price for another. This can create problems and issues for the firm.
M3. Analyze the use of different planning tools and their application for preparing budgets and
forecasts
There are different types of budgets which organizations use to make sensible financial
decisions. Both of these predictions allow them to track their revenue streams and to accurately
predict particular ventures and activities. In the context Creams limited, their accountants prepare
crucial figures such as the operating budget, flexible budget etc. All of these budgets are
essential to precise revenue and expense estimates. It is likely because the preceding company's
management is reviewing data from multiple years for predicting future activities. It can be
argued that methods for estimating budget are too relevant if different types of financial activities
are explicitly to be forecast.
TASK 4
P5. Compare how organizations are adapting management accounting systems to respond to
financial problems
Cost accounting system- Morrison’s makes use of cost accounting system which helps it
in identifying the issues and problems with the excessive overheads.
Inventory management system- Sainsbury’s makes use of inventory management
system which can help it in identifying the issues it has been facing regarding stock handling and
maintenance.
A financial problem refers to a condition where a firm is facing crunch in its financial position
and thus issues and problems are being created for it (Schaltegger and Burritt, 2017). Creams
Ltd. is facing the following financial problems-
Excessive overheads- Creams Ltd.’s overheads have been constantly increasing over the
years which create issues and problems for it. This is increasing the troubles of the firm. Creams
Ltd. can use cost accounting system to identify this financial problem because this system allows
to find out the various costs associated with the enterprise.
Reductions in profits- Creams Ltd.’s profits are having a steady decline over the years.
This is happening due to high price being charged by the company than its competitors present in
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the market due to adoption of wrong pricing strategy. Creams Ltd. can use the job costing system
to identify this financial problem. It is so because this system helps in finding out the profit
associated with various orders.
Techniques for solving financial problems-
 KPIs- KPIs refer to Key Performance Indicators. They are generally used by the
companies to measure their quantitative as well as qualitative performance. Creams Ltd.
can make use of KPIs to solve it problem of reduction in profits as ratios like G.P. Ratio
and N.P. Ratio will help it in determining the trends of its profits over the years.
 Benchmarking- Benchmarking refer to setting up of appropriate standards and metrics
on which performance of a company can be measured. These standards and metrics can
be either of the company itself or of the industry. Using benchmarking, Creams Ltd. can
solve its problem of excessive overheads as it will set the limits in which they should
occur.
 Balanced scorecard- Balanced scorecard is a technique which is used in order to analyze
the overall performance of departments within an enterprise. Also the performance of
employees working in these departments can be analyzed thoroughly, efficiently and
effectively. Therefore, this technique can be useful in solving both the problems of
excessive overheads and reduction in profits as clear accountability can be made in this
technique.
 Financial Governance- Financial governance is a way in which a company collects,
manages monitors and controls the financial facts, data and information (Suomala and
et.al., 2017). Creams Ltd. can use financial governance so that it can solve both its
problems of excessive overheads and reduction in profits. This technique has to be used
effectively and efficiently so that better results can be obtained by the organization in the
long-run so that it can achieve sustainable success and leave behind its competitors in the
market. This will help it in achieving its long-term objective of maximization of profits.
Comparison between organizations-
Basis Morrison’s Sainsbury’s
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Financial problem faced Morrison’s is facing the
problem of excessive
overheads which are
increasing the cost of the
organization thereby
reducing the profits.
Sainsbury’s is facing the
problem of lack of proper
tracking of its stock levels
which are creating
inventory problems in the
organization.
Management accounting
system used
It should use cost
accounting system.
It should use inventory
management system.
Application of the system This system can be applied
by Tesco to find out the
causes for excessive cost
and to reduce it.
It must apply this system to
properly manage its
inventory level.
Techniques used by these companies-
KPIs- Both these companies use KPIs to solve their financial problems. Morrison’s can
make use of financial KPIs to solve its problem of excessive cost because financial KPIs
will help it a lot in dealing with this problem as they can analyze the increase in costs.
Sainsbury’s can use KPIs like ratio analysis to solve problem of lack of proper tracking of
stock levels because it will help it in calculation of Inventory Turnover Ratio.
Balanced scorecard- It is a technique used for the analysis of overall performance within
an organization. It is used in order to track the performance of employees also. Both
Morrison’s and Sainsbury’s can make use of it to find out inefficiencies of employees and
remove them as soon as possible. It will also help them in solving problems as by
removing inefficiencies productivity will increase thereby solving problems.
Benchmarking- It is a process of setting standards and following them to optimize
performance. Morrison’s can make use of it to set standards for cost so that it does not
increases excessively and Sainsbury’s can make use of it to set standards for inventory
management.
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M4.Analyze how, in responding to financial problems, management accounting can lead
organizations to sustainable success
The best way to solve monetary issues is to take less time to enforce the management
accounting systems. Such as the Cream Ltd, the problems were successfully solved using the
method of benchmarking. With this accounting method, they measured their real results and
successfully solved the real issues. Every organization
D3.Evaluate how planning tools for accounting respond appropriately to solving financial
problems to lead organizations to sustainable success.
Budgets may be defined as financial strategies relevant to the tactical assessment process in
question. In the above Creams Ltd, they use a range of budgets such as operating budget, flexible
budget and many more. They all need these budgets in order to track the variances and enable
them to take constructive measures to address problems. Benchmarking and key performance
indicators are one of the effective techniques which are used by organizations to resolve their
financial issues and make sure that, in future it will not generated so they need to build strategies
accordingly. Managers of Creams Ltd use the above discussed tools and manage all the activities
accordingly and make sure that internal people follow the budget. Effective implementation of
budget helps in increasing operational efficiency as well as effectiveness.
CONCLUSION
From the above observation, it has been concluded that management accounting is the
mechanism that any company has to meet in order to coordinate its business operations and other
internal practices. With the help of management accounting, managers can made decisions which
are essential to improve their operational efficiency or effectiveness. There are numerous
accounting systems and reports that the company's administrators use to optimize both operating
performance and quality. These will also help management to develop strategic decision taking
to accomplish organizational objectives & targets. It helps to construct budget and execute
accordingly with the assistance of planning resources such as capital budget, zero-based budget,
and operating budget. An organization face several financial issues which is required to resolve
as soon as possible, otherwise it affect very deeply which become quite difficult to recover. With
the help of management accounting systems, managers are able to formulate strategies and
resolve the issues which they currently face or which can be affecting in future.
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