Management Accounting for Cost and Control

This article discusses the theory of Panopticism and its relation to management accounting, functions of management accounting, checklist and its importance, manufacturing statement and income statement, perpetual inventory system, and more.

Running head: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Management Accounting for Cost and Control
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1MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Table of Contents
Answer to question 1:.................................................................................................................2
Answer to question 2:.................................................................................................................2
Answer to question 3:.................................................................................................................3
Answer to question 4:.................................................................................................................4
Answer to question 5:.................................................................................................................7
Answer to 5 A:...........................................................................................................................7
Answer to 5 B:...........................................................................................................................8
Answer to question 6:.................................................................................................................8
Answer to question 7:.................................................................................................................8
Answer to question 8:.................................................................................................................8
Part A.........................................................................................................................................8
Part B:.........................................................................................................................................9
Part C:.........................................................................................................................................9
Answer to question 9:...............................................................................................................10
Answer to question 10:.............................................................................................................12
Reference List:.........................................................................................................................14

2MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Answer to question 1:
Panopticism that was originally developed by the French philosopher named Michel
Foucault is referred as the social theory. Michel Foucault developed the theory of
Panopticism in his book named Discipline and Punish (Munro, 2015). The theory Panopticon
refers to the experimental laboratory of power where according to Michel Foucault the
behaviour an individual can be modified. Michel Foucault considered the theory of
Panopticon as the mark of disciplinary culture of investigation.
The theory of Panopticism under the concept of management accounting demands
attention in the specific areas of management and bookkeeping fundamentals of anti-
corruption. The theory of Panopticism helps in providing a detailed description of
impressions of inspecting and book-keeping to detect and avoid any corruption activity
(Romele et al., 2017). Panopticism is viewed as the instrument of enforcing control on the
bookkeeping records and serving as the element of reformation by reducing the stress on
financial accounting and avoiding corruption activities. The particular objective of this theory
is to eliminate the conflict of interest among the management and executives and
implementing control through strong auditing programs. Panoticism also helps in promoting
transparency of data with durable application of control on the activities of the firm.
Answer to question 2:
The functions of management accounting plays a vital role in the managerial
functions that are performed by the managers. The functions are as follows.
a. Planning: The functions of management accounting is closely related to planning as
it offers the managers with the decision making functions (Weygandt et al., 2015).
Since the entire process of budgeting is associated with the accounting related reports,
the management accounting helps in providing the managers with the estimated

3MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
impact of alternative course of actions. Therefore, planning facilitates both long and
short run business actions.
b. Organizing: Organizing demands clarity of approach regarding each of the
manager’s accountability and lines of authority. In an organization there are numerous
departments are interested as hierarchy and requires formal communication structure
to pass down the information from lower level to higher level and vice versa.
Therefore, organizing creates organizational functions and assigns the responsibility
to the people in an organization.
c. Decision making: A manager would not be able to plan without taking any decision
and is under obligation of selecting from the competing objectives (Warren & Jones,
2018). Decision making as the management functions helps in selecting from the
competing alternatives and it is an inherent functions of planning and organizing.
Answer to question 3:
A checklist is defined as the form of job that is put into the use to eliminate the
possibilities of failure by compensating for the potential limits of the human memory and
attention (Wiffen, 2016). Checklist helps in making sure that consistency is maintained and
completeness in executing the task. For the rock band Van Helen checklist assisted in
eliminating the probabilities of failure or missing out something very important. The rock
band of Van Helen asserted that checklist helped in assuring that steadiness is maintained in
completing the particular activity. Additionally, Van Helen regarded checklist as the element
of implementing control and making sure that each person that are engaged in the work able
to understand their goals and objectives.
Van Helen bought forward that checklist helped in assuring the consistency of rock
band supply of inventory and often termed that checklist was very time saving as it helped
them in keeping accounting of the required records amid the other list of objects. Van Helen

4MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
stated that using the checklist also enabled to ensure that they do not forget any form of
important steps.
Answer to question 4:
Normal View:
Particulars Amount (in $) Amount (in $)
Raw Materials Purchased 8,42,000
Add: Opening Stock of Raw Materials 11,000
Less: Closing Stock of Raw Materials 26,000 8,27,000
Labour 4,56,780
Inward Charges on Raw Materials 25,340
Prime Cost 13,09,120
Manufacturing Overhead:
Manufacturing Expense 3,70,000
Depreciation on Machinery 12,900
Factory Salaries 3,67,800
Add: Accrued Salaries 12,600 3,80,400
Insurance 12,000
Add: Prepaid Insurance 3,700 15,700
Rates 9,425
Factory Cost 20,97,545
Add: Opening Work-in-Process
Material 23,000
Labour 17,000
Overhead Expenses 26,000 66,000
21,63,545
Less: Closing Work-in-Process
Material 15,000
Labour 11,000
Overhead Expenses 8,000 34,000
Cost of Goods Manufactured 21,29,545
Add: Opening Stock of Finished Goods 50,000
Less: Closing Stock of Finished Goods 11,000
Cost of Goods Sold 21,68,545
In the Books of Tendulkar Manufacturing Co.
Manufacturing Statement
for the period ended 30 September 3017

5MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Particulars Amount (in $) Amount (in $)
Sales of Finished Goods 38,56,000
Cost of Goods Sold 21,68,545
Gross Profit 16,87,455
Operating Expenses:
Advertising 24,000
Audit Fee 12,000
Discount Expense 3,450
Discount Revenue (5,320)
Freight Outwards 6,543
Insurance 4,000
Less: Prepaid Insurance 925 3,075
Light and Power 23,000
General Expenses 54,320
Rates 3,142
Office Salaries 35,000
Add: Accrued Office Salaries 2,340 37,340
Sales Commission 47,600
Total Operating Expenses 2,09,150
Operating Income 14,78,305
Tax Expense 56,740
Net Profit 14,21,565
In the Books of Tendulkar Manufacturing Co.
Income Statement
for the period ended 30 September 3017

6MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Formula View:
Particulars Amount (in $) Amount (in $)
Raw Materials Purchased 842000
Add: Opening Stock of Raw Materials 11000
Less: Closing Stock of Raw Materials 26000 =D7+D8-D9
Labour 456780
Inward Charges on Raw Materials 25340
Prime Cost =SUM(E9:E11)
Manufacturing Overhead:
Manufacturing Expense 370000
Depreciation on Machinery 12900
Factory Salaries 367800
Add: Accrued Salaries 12600 =D16+D17
Insurance =(16000*3/4)
Add: Prepaid Insurance 3700 =D18+D19
Rates =(12567*3/4)
Factory Cost =SUM(E12:E20)
Add: Opening Work-in-Process
Material 23000
Labour 17000
Overhead Expenses 26000 =SUM(D23:D25)
=E21+E25
Less: Closing Work-in-Process
Material 15000
Labour 11000
Overhead Expenses 8000 =SUM(D28:D30)
Cost of Goods Manufactured =E26-E30
Add: Opening Stock of Finished Goods 50000
Less: Closing Stock of Finished Goods 11000
Cost of Goods Sold =E31+E32-E33
In the Books of Tendulkar Manufacturing Co.
Manufacturing Statement
for the period ended 30 September 3017

7MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Particulars Amount (in $) Amount (in $)
Sales of Finished Goods 3856000
Cost of Goods Sold ='Q4(1)- Normal View'!D6
Gross Profit =E6-E7
Operating Expenses:
Advertising 24000
Audit Fee 12000
Discount Expense 3450
Discount Revenue -5320
Freight Outwards 6543
Insurance =16000*25%
Less: Prepaid Insurance =(3700*25%) =D15-D16
Light and Power 23000
General Expenses 54320
Rates =(12567*25%)
Office Salaries 35000
Add: Accrued Office Salaries 2340 =D20+D21
Sales Commission 47600
Total Operating Expenses =SUM(E10:E22)
Operating Income =E8-E23
Tax Expense 56740
Net Profit =E24-E25
In the Books of Tendulkar Manufacturing Co.
Income Statement
for the period ended 30 September 3017
Answer to question 5:
Answer to 5 A:
Perpetual inventory system is known as the process of accounting for inventory which
records the purchase and sale of inventory on a continuous basis in order to maintain the
current balance of inventory in the real time (Feng et al., 2014). In the perpetual inventory
system an organization is required to constantly update the inventory records to keep track of
the physical count of stock for addition made and subtraction from inventory. The procedure
of physical stock intake would serve as the helpful element in determining the differences
between the records of inventory and reasons for improper quantities.

8MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Answer to 5 B:
Overtime represents the amount of time a person works beyond the standard working
hours. Overtime payment is calculated based on the additional number of hours worked by
worker multiplied by the overtime wage rate (Wild, 2017). In respect to current question
overtime payment the overtime payment made to the worker is accounted in to the direct
labour.
Answer to question 6:
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
1st April To Balance b/d 60,000 30th April By Work-in-Process Account 60,000
30th April To Accounts Payable Account 80,000 30th April By Accounts Payable A/c 50,000
30th April By Balance c/d 30,000
1,40,000 90,000
Material Control Account
Cr.Dr.
Particulars Amount ($) Amount ($)
Manufacturing Overhead A/c……….Dr 30,000$
To Material Control …………A/c 30,000$
Journal Entry:
Answer to question 7:
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
1st July To Bank A/c 40,000 1st July By Balance b/d 18,000
31st July To Balance c/d 50,000 By Work-in-Process A/c 50,000
By Overhead Control A/c 22,000
90,000 90,000
Accrued Payroll Account
Dr. Cr.

9MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Answer to question 8:
Part A
Period Total Number of Days Gross Payroll Per Day Accrued Payroll
1-09 to 3-09 3 8000 24000
4-09 to 10-9 5 8000 40000
11-09 to 17-09 5 8000 40000
18-09 to 2-09 5 8000 40000
25-09 to 30-09 4 8000 32000
Total amount credited to accrued payroll 22 176000
Part B:
Period Accrued Payroll Payment Balance
1-09 to 3-09 24000 24000 0
4-09 to 10-9 40000 40000 0
11-09 to 17-09 40000 40000 0
18-09 to 2-09 40000 40000 0
25-09 to 30-09 32000 0 32000
Total amount credited to accrued payroll

10MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Part C:
Date Particulars Amount ($) Amount ($)
3rd September Payroll A/c…………………………..Dr 24000
To Accrued Payroll ……………A/c 24000
5th September Accrued Payroll A/c…………….Dr 40000
To PAYG Witholding ……………. A/c 12000
To Bank ………………………………A/c 28000
10th September Payroll A/c…………………………Dr 40000
To Accrued Payroll………….A/c 40000
12th September Accrued Payroll A/c…………..Dr 40000
To PAYG Witholding ……………. A/c 12000
To Bank ………………………………A/c 28000
17th July Payroll A/c…………………………Dr 40000
To Accrued Payroll………….A/c 40000
19th September Accrued Payroll A/c…………..Dr 40000
To PAYG Witholding ……………. A/c 12000
To Bank ………………………………A/c 28000
24th September Payroll A/c…………………………Dr 40000
To Accrued Payroll………….A/c 40000
26th September Accrued Payroll A/c…………..Dr 40000
To PAYG Witholding ……………. A/c 12000
To Bank ………………………………A/c 28000
30th September Payroll A/c…………………………Dr 40000
To Accrued Payroll………….A/c 40000
Direct Labour A/c…………………Dr 105600
Indirect Labour A/c………………Dr 35200
Selling Expenses A/c……………Dr 24640
General and Administrative Expenses A/………Dr 10560
To Payroll………………………A/c 176000
PAYG Witholding A/c……………Dr 48000
To Bank ………………………………A/c 48000
Journal Entries
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
03-Sep To Accrued Payroll A/c 24000 30-Sep By Direct Labour A/c 105600
10-Sep To Accrued Payroll A/c 40000 By Indirect Labour A/c 35200
17-Sep To Accrued Payroll A/c 40000 By Selling Expenses A/c 24640
24-Sep To Accrued Payroll A/c 40000 By General and Administrative Expenses 10560
30-Sep To Accrued Payroll A/c 32,000
1,76,000 1,76,000
Payroll Account
Dr. Cr.

11MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
30-Sep To Payroll A/c 105600 30-Sep By W-I-P A/c 14400
10-Sep By W-I-P A/c 24000
17-Sep By W-I-P A/c 24000
05-Aug By W-I-P A/c 24000
30-Sep By W-I-P A/c 19,200
1,05,600 1,05,600
Direct Labour Cost Account
Dr. Cr.
Date Particulars Amount Date Particulars Amount
30-Sep To Payroll A/c 35200 30-Sep By Factory overhead A/c 4800
10-Sep By Factory overhead A/c 8000
17-Sep By Factory overhead A/c 8000
05-Aug By Factory overhead A/c 8000
30-Sep By Factory overhead A/c 6,400
35,200 35,200
InDirect Labour Cost Account
Dr. Cr.
Answer to question 9:
The activity based costing and the traditional method of costing in the accounting
field is regarded as the two of the most different method of allocating direct and indirect
overhead to the products. The traditional costing is more simplistic in nature but less accurate
than the ABC costing method (Wild, 2015). The Traditional costing method typically
allocates the overhead cost of products based on the illogical average rate. While the ABC
system of costing is more complex but highly accurate than the traditional costing method.
The ABC method of costing at first assigns the indirect costs to the activities and then assigns
the costs to the products depending upon the product usage of activities.
The traditional costing method on the other hand implement the indirect method of
costing based upon the predetermined overhead rate. Unlike the ABC method, the traditional
method of costing treats the overhead cost as the single pool of indirect costs (Kamala et al.,
2015). Traditional costing is optimal on situations when the indirect labour cost are lower in
comparison to the direct costs.
The activity based costing is considered as the highly accurate mode than the
traditional costing. The reason for this is that under the ABC costing system there is a more

12MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
precise breakdown of indirect costs. The traditional costing system is easier to apply and
simple to understand than the ABC costing but the traditional system of costing is not correct
as the ABC costing system (Lanen, 2016). The traditional system of costing can result in
significant amount of overhead and costing of overhead. The activity based costing is
considered as the more accurate method since it takes account of important factors prior to
allocating costing to the product. Nevertheless, for this same reason, the ABC system is
considered more complicated and time taking affair. ABC costing system is more accurate
and thorough as this process accounts non-manufacturing expenditure such as administrative
and managerial costs.
In spite of the benefits of ABC costing, this costing faces criticism as well. ABC
method of costing is very complex and involves high cost to implement. Making a leap from
traditional costing system to activity costing system is regarded difficult. Both forms costing
has its own set of benefits and drawbacks (Kamala et al., 2015). It is recommended that
Activity based costing should be used as in the modern world accuracy forms the crucial
element. Although ABC costing system is more costly but it provides more accurate results.
The ABC costing would the managers in facilitating decision-making as they would be able
to observe all the pertinent expenses and can keep record of all the necessary document of the
indirect costs correctly. Furthermore, the managers under this method would be able to find
areas where wasteful spending is made and can corrective steps to reduce such spending.

13MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING FOR COST AND CONTROL
Answer to question 10:
Particulars P1 P2 S1 S2
Allocation of S1 (%) 60% 20% 20%
Allocation of S2 (%) 35% 50% 15%
Indirect Cost 60000 45000 20000 25000
Total Departmental Cost 60000 45000 20000 25000
Overhead Allocation of S1 15000 5000 -20000
Overhead Allocation of S2 10294 14706 -25000
Total Manufacturing Cost 85294 64706 0 0
Particulars P1 P2 S1 S2
Allocation of S1 (%) 60% 20% 20%
Allocation of S2 (%) 35% 50% 15%
Indirect Cost 60000 45000 20000 25000
Total Departmental Cost 60000 45000 20000 25000
Overhead Allocation of S1 12000 4000 -15000 4000
72000 49000 5000 29000
Overhead Allocation of S2 11941 17059 0 -14500
Total Manufacturing Cost 83941 66059 5000 14500
Particulars P1 P2 S1 S2
Allocation of S1 (%) 60% 20% 20%
Allocation of S2 (%) 35% 50% 15%
Indirect Cost 60000 45000 20000 25000
Total Departmental Cost 60000 45000 20000 25000
Overhead Allocation of S1 15464 5155 -25773 5155
75464 50155 -5773 30155
Overhead Allocation of S2 10103 14433 4330 -28866
Total Manufacturing Cost 85567 64588 -1443 1289
Overhead Allocation Under Direct Method
Overhead Allocation Under StepMethod
Overhead Allocation UnderReciprocal Method

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Reference List:
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financial reporting affect a firm's operations? Evidence from firms' inventory
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Kamala, P., Struwig, J., Bornman, M., Boersman, R., Vermaak, M., McGill, M., ... & Taylor,
P. (2015). Principles of Cost Accounting. OUP Catalogue.
Lanen, W. (2016). Fundamentals of cost accounting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Munro, D. (2015). On Corporate Surveillance Data Doubles, and Post-Panopticism. Trans.
Alan Sheridan (New York: Vintage, 1977), 200, 02.
Romele, A., Emmenegger, C., Gallino, F., & Gorgone, D. (2017). Panopticism is not Enough:
Social Media as Technologies of Voluntary Servitude. Surveillance & Society, 15(2),
204.
Warren, C. S., & Jones, J. (2018). Corporate financial accounting. Cengage Learning.
Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2015). Financial & managerial accounting.
John Wiley & Sons.
Wiffen, P. (2016). Reporting guidelines: checklists for specific study designs.
Wild, J. (2015). Financial accounting fundamentals. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Wild, T. (2017). Best practice in inventory management. Routledge.