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Literature review
According to Canivet, et. al, (2014) cited that The World Health Organisation conducted a
series Mental Health Surveys only a little is known about the severity of the untreated mental
diseases especially in underdeveloped countries. To get an idea of the prevalence, treatment
of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a fourth edition running in 14
countries by WHO survey initiative. The face to face surveys of 60463 community of adults.
The new Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental disorders and its new edition by the researchers
to classify the mental disorders, It is the result of 10 years of efforts by hundreds of national
and international sellers in all areas of mental disorders. Their hard work had resulted in an
authoritative way which defined mental disorders to better the treatment and research. The
criteria were concise and explicit and focused on the objective assessment of the presentation
of the symptoms in many clinical settings like inpatient, outpatient, and primary care. The
new features and improvements made it easier to use. The article covers the lifespan
approach which the typical approach in the diagnosis of the children and at the beginning of
the manual and with more typical adults. There were many age-related factors as well related
to the diagnosis. The latest findings in this research in genetics and neuroimaging were
clubbed into each disorder with the gender and the cultural considerations. The new
organizational structure which looks for the symptoms with the multiple diagnostic
categories, which provide for clinical insight. Certain criteria have been streamlined and
clarified for clinical practice like bipolar disorders. The information available was valuable
doctors, nurses, legal clients.
In the views of Kessler and Üstün, (2014) new life-changing work which changed the way,
people thought about how to treat the traumatic events and its victims. When it was first
published in 1992, it was termed as life-changing work. In between the years, it had become
the basic knowledge for knowing the trauma survivors. By putting personal experiences to a
broader political picture, Judith Herman said that the psychological trauma can be known in a
social context. Drawing on her own research, the author argues on incest and a vast form of
literature of veterans and survivors of political terrors, which showed parallels which
surprised people between private horrors like war and child abuse. A new idea seeks what has
changed and what has not. Recovery from the trauma is very much needed for anyone who
wants to understand how people heal and heal others. A wide range of similar studies show
that any psychological changes of stress disorder which can be enduring and extensive.
Patients go through generalized symptoms of anxiety and certain fears. They don’t feel alert
or relaxed. Instead, they are always aroused (Beck, Steer and Carbin, 2012). They have an
intense reaction to certain specific stimuli and might find them annoying. Thus traumatic
things appear to re-function the entire human nervous system. After this danger passed away,
the traumatized people go through the incident recurring in the present.
In an article, the (Anderson, Steen and Stavropoulos, 2017) talks about cognitive therapy and
the emotional disorders that come along with it. If an emotionally disturbed person is beyond
the control of himself, it is one belief on which neuropsychiatry or psychoanalysis and
behavior is based on the therapy. The author said these can be based on his own erroneous
assumptions of the world. Such a person can be assisted to recognize and improve the
distortions for thinking which caused the emotional disturbance. The founder of this
cognitive therapy had told clearly in his article highlighting the important concepts like
learning hidden meaning of messages, listening to the thoughts which are automatic and the

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role of sadness anxiety and anger. Understanding how to overcome depression and phobias
and how to apply these to our knowledge, paradoxically, the popularization of these
emotional disorders and the efforts it takes to mass produce the services to have had occurred
in relation to sharp disagreements between authorities in relation to nature and appropriate
treatment of the disorders. Moreover, many devoted schools contribute to the study and the
cure for emotional disturbances to get their differences with the practical framework and
clinical and experimental approaches (Men, 2014).
In this article Tangney, boone and baumeister, (2018) describe reliability which invokes a
sense of loyalty and trust on something. The author takes up four conditions under which he
studied the data and on which the data can be relied upon which a population is analyzed. It
defines the agreement coefficient which is capable of getting the reliability and that can be
categorized or valued on sketched which are predefined and several extensions of the
reliability data giving us three standards for the subsequent analyses. It compared common
agreement steps relating with each other and the conditions which they would serve. It ended
on a precautionary point in four different ways which reported and called in for questions
later.
In this article, the Van, (2017) talks about the cognitive therapy of depression. The value of
developing psychotherapy for depression for determining for contradictions and establishing
the role in an overall management of the patient could be self – evident. Conventional
wisdom suggests that a good psychotherapy could be more beneficial than any cancer
treatment like chemotherapy for a long term because we can learn it from the experience. The
suicide rate is increasing despite so much awareness is because of the use of antidepressants
even though chemo can cure it temporarily. Research indicates that there is a central core in a
suicidal patient likely hopelessness. This suggests that cognitive therapy might be good in the
long run. It is active, time-limited and structured approach used to treat anxiety, phobias, and
mental problems. It is based on theoretical rationale.

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References
Anderson, E.L., Steen, E. and Stavropoulos, V. (2017). Internet use and Problematic Internet
Use: A systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent
adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(4), pp.430-454.
Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A. and Carbin, M.G, (2012) Psychometric properties of the Beck
Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical psychology review, 8(1),
pp.77-100.
Canivet, D., Delvaux, N., Gibon, A.S., Brancart, C., Slachmuylder, J.L. and Razavi, D.
(2014). Improving communication in cancer pain management nursing: a randomized
controlled study assessing the efficacy of a communication skills training
program. Supportive care in cancer, 22(12), pp.3311-3320.
Kessler, R.C. and Üstün, T.B. (2014). The world mental health (WMH) survey initiative
version of the world health organization (WHO) composite international diagnostic interview
(CIDI). International journal of methods in psychiatric research, 13(2), pp.93-121.
Men, L.R. (2014). Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership,
communication channels, and employee satisfaction. Management Communication
Quarterly, 28(2), pp.264-284.
Tangney, J.P., BOONE, A.L. and BAUMEISTER, R.F. (2018). High self-control predicts
good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. In Self-Regulation
and Self-Control (pp. 181-220). Routledge.
Van der Kolk, B.A. (2017). Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for
children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric annals, 35(5), pp.401-408.
Wang, P.S., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M.C., Borges, G., Bromet, E.J.,
Bruffaerts, R., De Girolamo, G., De Graaf, R., Gureje, O. and Haro, J.M. (2017). Use of
mental health services for anxiety, mood, and substance disorders in 17 countries in the WHO
world mental health surveys. The Lancet, 370(9590), pp.841-850.