Management and Leadership Impact on Operations Management

This report explores the intricate relationship between management and leadership in the context of operations management. It delves into the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, analyzing their impact on organizational efficiency and effectiveness. The report examines various leadership theories, including situational leadership, contingency leadership, and systems leadership, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses in different situational contexts. It further explores key approaches to operations management, such as Total Quality Management (TQM), Kaizen, Just-in-Time (JIT), and Lean Production, highlighting their importance in achieving business objectives. The report also analyzes the factors within the business environment that influence operational management and decision-making by leaders and managers, including economic, political, legal, and technological factors. It concludes by critically evaluating the application of operations management and its impact on the wider business environment.

Management and Leadership Impact on
Operations Management
1

Table of Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................3
LO1- Report.......................................................................................................................4
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a
manager.........................................................................................................................4
M1 Analyse and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager
by effectively applying a range of theories and concepts..............................................7
LO2....................................................................................................................................8
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply
in different situational contexts.......................................................................................8
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership,
systems leadership, and contingency..........................................................................10
M2 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within
the work environment...................................................................................................12
D1 Critically analyse and evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership
in given contexts...........................................................................................................14
LO3..................................................................................................................................16
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders
and managers play.......................................................................................................16
P5 Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving
business objectives......................................................................................................18
M3 Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational
management to successfully meet business objectives..............................................20
LO4..................................................................................................................................21
P6 Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by leaders and managers....................................21
M4 Analyse how these different factors affect the business environment and wider
community....................................................................................................................24
D2 Critically evaluate the application of operations management and factors that
impact on the wider business environment..................................................................25
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................26
References.......................................................................................................................27
2

Introduction
In this unit of management & operations definitions, roles & characteristics of a manager
and leader have been discussed well. Difference between the manager and leader has
also included herein. The functions of a manager have will also take place in. Various
approaches of operations management and the actual value of different operations
management in accomplishing the business goals & objectives will also discuss herein
to understand well. The evaluation of how the leaders or managers can improve the
efficiencies and effectiveness of operations management for meeting the requirement of
the business will get discussed herein. Different factors that impact upon the
environment of wider business & community will include herein an appropriate manner.
In this unit of management and operations various models and approaches to the
situational leadership, system leadership, and contingency theory will get explained to
understand well an appropriate manner.
(Figure: Leader & Manager)
(Source: FRATERNITYMAN.com., 2018)
3

LO1- Report
Introduction
In this report, the roles and characteristics of a manager & leader have been compared
very well. The strengths & weaknesses of various approaches will also get discussed
herein.
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a
manager.
Definition of a Leader
A leader is a personality who tries to get his or her work completed by the workers in
relation to the objectives and goals of the association. The leaders are the one who
plays an important role in helping and encouraging the workers by their communication
and leadership abilities & inherent them in the mission of the association. They try to
make the workers perfect for achieving the objectives and goals of the business. The
main aim of the leaders is to inspire and influence the employee’s towards their
performance. It also helps in maximising the productivity & efficiency of the results in the
Toyota Plc.
Definition of a Manager
A manager is a personality who tries to manage all the activities and designs the work
of the association in the perfect direction of pre-determined objectives and goals. In
order to accomplish the objectives of the business successfully, the main task &
responsibility of a manager is to establish and develop various relevant strategies or
policies. They also require planning the job role of the employees or staff with the
objective that they perform all their important tasks according to the objectives (Nadine,
2017).
Roles & Characteristics of a leader & Manager
4

Leaders & managers get considered as interchangeable. Managers are the one who
performs their tasks for meeting the mission & vision of the business. They inspire the
workers in a perfect manner to achieve the mission of the business. The managers are
the one who follows the steps provided by the leaders. Leaders and managers both
work in different directions with the same vision and mission to achieve the
organisational goals and objectives. A big difference in their working is, a leader gives
an order to other employees or workers to perform and the manager is the one who
completes their duty or responsibilities by working themselves or as a team (Lee, 2017).
A manager focuses on achieving all the objectives of the business by working hard &
efficiently. On the other hand, the leaders greatly focus on completing all the needs and
requirements of the business by motivating and influencing the workers in an attractive
manner.
Leader Manager
Leaders mostly persuade all those
objectives which have been developed by
the managers.
Managers are the one who sets the
various objectives, mission, vision or goals
of the association.
Leaders who motivate the employees to
perform with excellence.
Managers are the one who directs the
activities to the employees.
A leader basically focuses on people. A manager focuses on things.
Leaders are the one who plays an
imperative role in implementing the various
ideas in the reality.
Managers are the one who creates the
different ideas for the betterment of the
association (Kumar, et. al., 2017).
Leaders are the one who influences and
communicates the workers to work
Managers are the one who communicates
5

according to the policies, rules, and
regulations.
all the policies to the leaders.
The main role of the leader is to inspire the
workers to perform well.
The major role of the manager is to make
plans in the association.
6

M1 Analyse and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a
manager by effectively applying a range of theories and concepts.
It is well known that the functions of manager and role of leaders play an imperative
role in the enlargement of the Toyota Plc. Differentiation between the job of a manager
and role of the leader by applying the range of concepts and theories efficiently has
been discussed well herein-
Situational Leadership theory Contingency Leadership theory
Situational leadership style basically
includes the skills and capabilities of the
people or employees. This leadership
theory generally encourages the leaders in
accomplishing their duties or
responsibilities in the limited time frame.
Situational leadership theory tries to meet
the organisational goals and objectives in
an efficient manner. On the other hand, it
also helps in the proper maintenance of
the prices of higher production or fuel as
well (Khan, 2017).
The contingency theory of leadership gets
used in the situation of implementing some
required changes so that all the objectives
and goals of the business can get fulfilled
in an appropriate manner. There are
various activities which get changed so
that the extra cost or prices of products &
services can get reduced. It helps in
increasing the efficiency of the association
in such a great manner (Imes, et. al.,
2017).
7

LO2
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager
apply in different situational contexts.
The role of the manager gets differentiates in an effective way with that of the role of the
leaders in the association. The management of the association works so effectively in
preparing the strategies which focuses on increasing the efficiency of productivity. The
managers of the business try to establish the various standards for the performance of
the work. The leaders and employees in the association with their effective inter-
personal skills try to get their work completed from the workers bearing in mind all the
standards which have been recognized by the association. All of these below steps help
in maintaining the efficiency of the business in an appropriate manner. The functions of
the managers and the roles of the leaders in Toyota Plc are discussed below-
Planning
It gets considers as the most important activity or step of a
manger in an association. Their main role is to planning and
setting the goals of the association which actually complies for
increasing the sales and revenues of the business. Planning
by the managers in an efficient manner includes various
strategies which greatly help in contributing the regular
development in the process of production of products and
services. Wherein the leaders are the one who effectively
communicates the set roles to the employees. They also focus
on all the efforts of the workers for accomplishing the
objectives and goals of the business in an appropriate manner
(Harrison, et. al., 2017).
Organising The managers are the one who takes proper care in the best
utlisation of all the resources in the association so that the
goals of the association can get fulfilled properly. The leader’s
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role is to allocate all the required material and resources to the
employees for completing their task efficiently.
Directing
The managers are the one who directs the employees to
complete the tasks wherein leaders are the ones who create a
team and direct them to work attractively.
Staffing
A manager tries to get the best employees in their association
by the process of recruiting and selection. They recruit the
people as per their capabilities or skills to complete the job
role. The leaders mainly motivate the employees & allocate
them the tasks to complete them efficiently (Grant, et. al.,
2017).
Coordinating
The managers try to coordinate the activities of the association
in order to get better results. Coordination of various
departments such as finance, production helps in serving the
best services by working altogether. On the other hand, the
actual role of the leader is to coordinate the activities with the
implementation of best practices and services both.
Controlling
The managers are the one who controls and monitors the
various strategies which have been implemented in the
association. On the other hand, the leaders are the one who
verifies the results of the performance of the workers.
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P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational
leadership, systems leadership, and contingency.
The situational leadership, contingency leadership, and system leadership theory have
been discussed below in an appropriate manner.
Situational Theory
The theory of situational leadership basically influences the leaders for completing their
tasks and responsibilities in a perfect period of time. As same, it greatly contributes to
the management of operations in maintaining the effectiveness of the association in an
attractive manner. This theory refers to the situation where the leadership style
completely relies upon the skills & abilities of the workers. The situational leadership
style basically includes the direction, coaching, support & delegating as well. This
leadership style mostly refers to the situation when manager or leader of the Toyota Plc.
should adjust their style to get fit in the growth, development & expansion level of the
followers to influence.
Contingency theory
This theory mainly focuses on implementing the required changes in the Toyota Plc.
The manager of the association mostly considers the appropriate reason in order to
increase the cost of manufacturing. The manager applies this theory for changing the
various activities in the operations department. Leaders get considers as the person
who always encourages the workers in implementing some required changes so that
the market challenges can get meet. The contingency theory helps in reducing the
prices of all the material and equipment which gets taken from the suppliers. It helps in
both the situation of induction of a new team & performing on a new project (Gopee, et.
al., 2017).
System Leadership
This theory applies to the leaders for controlling all the workings of the workers & to
converse the various situations of the association. This style of leadership mostly
10

focuses on workers to perform as per the needs and requirements of the business. It
also focuses on making some modifications in the operations department of the
business and implementing various strategies for the fulfilment of the business. The
leadership of system also helps in clarifying the various thoughts on the dynamism
&complexity of the environment which helps in providing a perfect framework for
building the effective ideas for the growth and expansion of the business. It also helps in
the induction of a new team and to working on a specific project (Eacott, 2017).
The contemporary theory of management
This theory of management greatly helps in the various situations of the increased cost
of the production and purchase. The managers greatly help in planning the various
strategies like the selection of the providers that which supplier can supply the raw
material at fewer cost. The leaders from association greatly focus on using the various
traits which help in motivating the employees for adopting the advanced technologies in
Toyota Plc. All those technologies greatly help in minimising the manufacturing cost. As
same it also helps in eliminating all the resistance to modify among the workers by
creating an atmosphere of faith with the efficient and strong skills of communication.
The theory of contingency generally claims that there is no accurate way of organising a
corporation for maintains the efficiency of the business or for making any kind of
effective decisions. This theory basically depends upon the various situations with
numerous important factors as discussed above. The contingency theory greatly
contributes to taking the required and efficient decision for the betterment of the
business in any manner.
11

M2 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations
within the work environment.
The strengths & weaknesses of various approaches to situations within the working
environment are well discussed below-
Situational leadership
Strengths Weaknesses
This theory of leadership helps in
increasing the personal power & as same
as positional power in the business
environment. It mostly helps the leaders in
their training sessions. This leadership
theory also helps in recognising the
requirements for flexibility on the leader’s
part (Dugan, 2017).
The situational leadership theory includes
various struggles for remaining flexible and
getting fixed into the various situations that
can help the Toyota Plc in a different
manner.
Contingency Leadership
Strengths Weaknesses
This theory has been proved as predictive
powers in the determination of various
types of leadership which are most likely to
be efficient in some specific contexts. It
supplies the required data which can be
useful in the association in developing the
effective profiles of leadership.
This theory mainly suffers from the
inadequately of the literature and includes
various kind of actions which can get taken
under the different conditions. The
contingency theory also seems to be very
difficult in empirical examination or testing.
12

System Leadership
Strengths Weaknesses
System leadership theory helps in
increasing the adaptability of all the
changes related to the environment in the
association. As same it also helps in
accomplishing the business or individual
goals in the association.
It fails to take the decision on time mostly
as does not seem to be practical always. It
also includes the nature of undefined
interdependence.
Contemporary theory of management
Strengths Weaknesses
This theory helps in valuing the ethical
behaviours and empowering the
employees for the better performance. As
same it also helps in creating a vision.
The contingency theory does not explain
that why actually people are efferent
leaders in only some specific situations but
not in all (Dalkir, et. al., 2017).
13

D1 Critically analyse and evaluate the different theories and approaches to
leadership in given contexts.
According to Bolander Laksov., et. al. (2017), it has been observed that the contingency
leadership theory is a great combination of a particular situation & manager’s
behaviours or traits. It greatly helps in explaining that why the leaders work very
efficiently and effectively in only some specific situation & why not in all. At the other
hand, situational leadership theory is so useful and helpful in showing that how the
leaders should actually act for achieving the effectiveness of leadership and better
result in the growth of the business (Bolander Laksov, et. al., 2017).
According to Antonakis., et. al. (2017), contingency theory helps in proposing that
leaders are the one who can encourage the subordinates by the perfect identification of
their desired results. It includes various ways that what & how the managers can
actually perform or take action in different terms or conditions. Contingency theory
includes so many factors because of which testing become so much difficult. Situational
leadership basically emphasizes the flexibility to leadership in various conditions. It also
helps in applying the various varieties of settings (Antonakis, et. al., 2017).
(Image: Operations Manager)
(Source: Operations Manager., 2015)
Conclusion
14

This report helps in explaining and understanding the various approaches and models
of leadership and management. The pros & cons of all those theories and approaches
have also discussed herein in an appropriate manner.
15

LO3
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that
leaders and managers play.
The operations management is the most important part of the association which helps
the business in meeting its objective and associational goals in an appropriate manner.
The operations department & management also help in the administration of various
activities of the business. As same it also focuses on improving the results or
performance of the Toyota Plc. The operations department includes various perfect
ways of utilising all the required resources in the business for its development & growth.
It also includes the most appropriate ways to change the raw material into the useful
products and services. Increasing the efficiency of the business & profitability is the
main objective of operations management. There are various key approaches to
operations management which get played by the managers and leaders. Some of those
key approaches are well discussed below-
Total Quality Management
This approach focuses on the management of long-
term success by customer’s happiness. In the various
effort of TQM, all the members of the association
greatly participate in developing the products,
processes, & culture of performance. It basically
consists of association’s wider efforts for making a
permanent and accurate climate. Total quality
management gets considers as one of the perfect
process and procedure of bringing efficiency in the
production process (Wolke, 2017).
KAIZEN
It is known as one of the continuous improvement. It
is also known as the long-term method or approach
for performing systematically. It seeks in achieving
16

the incremental or small changes in the so many
procedures and processes for improving the quality
and efficiency of the business in an appropriate
manner. This word is a Japanese word which
basically means to change for betterment with the
inherent sense of philosophy and continuous. It helps
in maximising the effectiveness and efficiency of the
company in such a great manner.
JIT (Just in Time)
It is well known as a methodology aimed primarily for
minimising the flow times in the production structure
as same as reaction times from the providers to the
customers. The organisations employ this strategy of
inventory for increasing the efficiency or decreasing
the waste by the received services and goods. JIT
also helps in the process of production and in
reducing the cost of inventory (Sayles, 2017).
Lean Production
It is a most useful approach of management which
focuses on cutting the wastage and ensures to the
quality. This approach has been applied to all the
aspects of the business from the start of designing to
till production. This approach greatly helps in
increasing the effectiveness of the business and
maintaining the efficiency of the productivity in an
attractive manner. A satisfied customer also helps in
running the business very smoothly and efficiently in
Toyota Plc.
17

P5 Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving
business objectives.
The operations management is one of the greatest parts of any of the association which
greatly contributes to meeting the business objectives inappropriate time. The
management of operations actually plays a very crucial in the association in preparing
the elegant managers and professional as well. This kind of managers helps in
achieving all the strategic goals in a perfect period of time (Sarkis, 2017).
The management of operations generally handles various issues such as designing,
maintenance, and operations in improving the systems which get used in producing so
many service and products in the business. As same management operations also help
in managing the various activities of the business. It includes a very good response in
fulfilling the needs and requirements of the finance and marketing as well. The
operations manager is also able to make the perfect use of the resources. On the other
hand, the operations management also helps the association in maximising the
production and profitability of the business. There are some more ways in which the
operations management helps the business in various terms such as cost, quality,
speed and etc. These are well described below-
Cost
The operations management is the one which focuses on meeting all the needs and
requirements of the business in a perfect manner. It includes all the activities of setting
up the prices of products and services in an appropriate manner. It generally includes
the manufacturing cost. It works on minimising the extra cost of manufacturing which is
hampering the business in a negative manner. Decreased cost helps in maximising the
demands and requirements of the products as customers get help in using the same. It
also empowers the employees in a different manner. The business of Toyota Plc gets
helps in expanding at the global level (Salary, et. al., 2017).
Quality
18

Quality management is also known as one of the best aspects of the operations
management. Each and every association is so concerned about the quality of the
products and services in an efficient manner. The quality of services and products
greatly contribute to satisfying the customers in an attractive manner. As same satisfied
customers also help the business is expanding at a greater level. In the continuous
improvement of products and services, operations department puts the highest efforts.
Speed
A good speed of producing the products and services is also required in maintaining the
efficiency of the business in a greater manner. The operations management is the one
which focuses on maintaining the speed of the business to grow faster and attractively.
This department focuses on all the activities of the business to run efficiently. It helps in
accomplishing the objectives of the business in an appropriate manner. At the other
hand, it also focuses on lifting up the prices of all the qualitative products and services
at the affordable prices so that all the customers can use the products and services
easily and without facing any challenges. It helps to grow the business faster and
efficiently. Just like this operations management also helps in various activities so that
the goodwill of the business can get increased and business can get expand at the
greater level. Meeting the customer’s needs and satisfaction is the most important
requirement of operations management. This department values its customers so that
all the basic needs and requirements of the business can get fulfilled and business can
reach on top.
19

M3 Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational
management to successfully meet business objectives.
According to Rhodes (2017), there are so many ways by using which all the objectives
or goals of the business can get fulfilled in an appropriate manner. Leaders and
managers are the most important aspects of the operations management which helps
this department in an attractive manner to meet the operational and associational goals.
The managers of operations department are responsible for overseeing the process of
production of goods and services. It is the responsibility of operations manager to look
upon that- is all the activities of the operations or association is running perfectly or not.
The operations managers are importantly required to focus on the customers’
expectations, needs and requirements as well so that business cannot get fail to meet
its objectives (Rhodes, 2017).
According to Prabhakar (2017), the leaders are required to focus on meeting all the
needs of the Toyota Plc in an appropriate manner. They are completely responsible for
influencing the employees and motivating them towards their performance. They are
required to encourage the employees or workers to work faster and with quality. This
kind of activities of leaders and managers helps the operations department in meeting
its requirement and expanding the business to a global level in an easy manner
(Prabhakar, 2017).
20

LO4
P6 Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon
operational management and decision-making by leaders and managers.
There are various factors which highly impacts upon the decision making of managers
and leaders and operations management as well. Some of those factors are well
discussed below-
Economic Factor
It is very well known that the financial situation greatly helps the
business to reach on top in various manners. The positive
situation of the economy in the business greatly contributes to
meeting the business objectives and goals as well. The economic
condition impacts in both manners negatively or positively in the
business environment. In the good economic condition,
operations department gets helps in various ways like in
maintaining the efficiency of the business and many more. The
leaders and managers get help in taking some effective decision
for the betterment of the business which leads the Toyota Plc to
reach on top. On the other hand in the condition of facing the
negative situation, no one can take any decisions for maintaining
the business properly. It leads to the lower performance of the
operations management which impacts on the success of the
business so badly (Holweg, et. al., 2018).
Political Factors
It has been observed that the political environment also affects
the operations management & decision making of managers and
leaders in the business environment. By experiencing the positive
political environment business leads to growth and development
in various efficient ways. At the other facing any kind of
challenges in the political environment affects the decision
21

making of leaders and managers as they step backward in taking
any kind of decision for the success of the business. This
situation directly impacts upon the operations management and
business leads to the failure.
Legal Factors
In order to run the business appropriately, it is very important to
perform all the activities of the business as per the proper rules
and regulation which has been announced by law. Following the
rules and regulations helps in maintaining the efficiency of
business in an appropriate manner. As same it also leads to
fulfilling all the business requirements in a perfect manner. The
operations management gets helps in meeting its objectives and
goals of the business perfectly. Leaders and managers become
unable to take any negative decisions which can ever hamper the
success of the association in a negative manner. On the other
hand not following the rules and regulation appropriately
influences the decision making of the leaders and manager in
taking the wrong decisions which hamper the complete business
environment in most negative manner.
Technological
Factors
The technological factors also get considers as one of the most
important factors which influence the decision making of a leader
& manager and the operations management as well. Being
updated with the updated technologies by the managers and
leaders helps in increasing the efficiency of the business by
implementing some required changes in process and procedures
of operations management. It adds various effective and easier
ways to fulfill the business requirements. On the other hand not
getting updated with the same leads to the negative performance
of operation management because of which leaders and
22

managers become unable to take the useful decisions for the
enlargement of the business. It takes the company into the
situation of loss or negativity.
(Figure: Operations Management)
(Source: CLEVERISM., 2016)
23

M4 Analyse how these different factors affect the business environment and
wider community.
As it has been discussed above that the there are various factors that affect the
atmosphere of business and the wider community in a various manner. In order to run
the business efficiently, it is importantly required to follow all the legal rules and
regulations in an appropriate manner so that none of the illegal decision or scenarios
can take place in the business environment. Performing by following the various rules
and regulation includes various ways of increasing the efficiency of the business and
community as well. At the other hand, a good economic condition also contributes to the
success of the business so many attractive ways such as increasing the goodwill of the
business, attracting the potential and target customers, increasing the profitability and
productivity of the business and etc.
The political factors such as taxation policies, stability in the government, changes in the
legislation and etc. influences and affects the wider community and entire business
environment in various manners. The negative political situation affects the business
environment as by this business leads to the negativity and situation of loss. On the
other hand, positive political environment increases the various chances of taking the
business on top and including so many opportunities to achieve success (Jay, et. al.,
2017).
24

D2 Critically evaluate the application of operations management and factors that
impact on the wider business environment.
According to Krajewski., et. al. (2015), the application of management generally focuses
on the tactical management of manufacturing and operations in both international and
domestic associations. It includes the development & implementation of the coherent
strategy on the regular improvement of productivity, quality, products customer services,
processes and etc. All these activities impact so greatly on the business environment.
As same, there are various factors such as political and environmental factors which
impacts negatively or positively on the wider environment of business. The negative
political environment takes the business into the situation of loss or negativity and
positive situation helps the business to run forward with efficiency (Krajewski, et. al.,
2015).
According to Heizer (2016), it is very well known that all the legal rules and regulation
helps in avoiding the negativity from the business in such a great manner. It helps in
increasing the efficiency of the business & including various ways to make the
performance better and much more attractive. The regular improvements in the
applications or functions of operations management also help in taking the business on
top with reducing all the negativity and failure from the business (Heizer, 2016).
25

Conclusion
In this unit of Management & Operations, various factors in the business atmosphere
which impact upon the operation administration and also the decision taking by
managers or leaders have been assessed very well. It also includes the understanding
that how all those factors affect the surroundings of business and the wider community
as well. The various key approaches to the operations management and the roles which
managers and leader’s plays have been discussed in an efficient manner. It also
includes the various ways that how managers and leaders can actually improve the
effectiveness and efficiency of operations management in meeting the objectives of the
business successfully. All the factors which impact negatively and positively both on the
business environment have also included herein discussing well. On the other hand,
various theories & models of an approach like situational leadership, system leadership
& contingency leadership have been explained well in this unit in an appropriate
manner.
26

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