Management and Leadership: Roles, Behaviors, and Motivational Theories

This document explores the roles of management and leadership in an organization, evaluates the effectiveness of different leadership and management behaviors, and discusses motivational theories for effective teamwork. It also examines how management styles and behaviors can impact organizational performance.

Management & Leadership
Objectives

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Role of management and leadership............................................................................................3
Motivational theories for effective teamwork and management styles-......................................4
Effectiveness of leadership and management behaviours-..........................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Organizational activities for improving their working efficiency is called as management
of organization. Activities done by leader for improving working efficiency of employees is
called as leadership. JD sports is chosen for the analysis of this report. It is multinational
organization which provides designer sportswear and accessories to their customers. The report
will analyse the roles of leadership and management in an organization. In addition to that report
will also evaluate the effectiveness of different leadership as well as management behaviours.
With that impact of motivational theories on teamwork will also be evaluated in this report.
MAIN BODY
Role of management and leadership
Operations done by organization in order to improve their goal achieving capabilities is
called as management of organization. Management in an JD sport is responsible for managing
operations in organization such that the overall operational capabilities of organization can be
improved (Armstrong, 2016). For this they develop organizational structure, by using
organizations resources, like employees and make strategies through which they can improvise
organizations out puts. Following are roles of management in organization.
Planning, management of JD sport has to make sure that they effectively utilize the
organizational resources such that they are able to meet future organizational requirements.
While making future planning for organization, management has to make sure that employees
are able to keep up as per organizational requirements.
Organizing, management develop departments in JD sport and place employees in those
departments based their working quality (Shaikh, Bisschoff and Botha, 2018). Management
distribute work load equally among all the departments such that no single department is forced
to do all the working. With that management also has to make sure that employee's placement in
departments is based on their skills and talents.
Monitoring, monitoring is one of the most important roles played by management, in
this process they continuously evaluate the work process done by organization and check their
progress towards achieving their goals. While monitoring, management also make sure that the
product being developed by JD sport is high quality product.
Controlling, management has to make sure that organization is able to achieve their
goals and for that they have to control the organizational working and have to make certain

creative changes. For example, changing departments of employees on the basis of their interest
this is done so employee's performance can be improved.
Leadership- On the other hand motivate their employees to work hard and acquire other
skill, so they can improve their performance. This will enhance organizational working because
their employees are performing well to the best of their capabilities. Leadership in organization
is responsible for motivating employees for setting higher goals to be achieved, this will enable
them to keep pushing their limits (De Waal¹, Outvorst and Ravesteyn¹, 2016). Leadership
empowers employees to make creative changes which can improve organizational working and
to achieve that they provide clear vision of better future to their employees, so they can work
collaboratively for achieving organizational goals.
Provide vision, leadership of JD sport must provide a clear organizational vision to their
employees so their employees can clearly understand the organizational requirement and can
concentrate their working so company can achieve its goals. This action done by leader will also
help employees to understand their capabilities and will also motivate them to improve their
working capabilities.
Empower employees, leadership must empower their employees, so they can take
creative decisions which can improve organizational working this is important because
employees are well aware of situations which are affecting their performance. So employees will
motivate them to take instantaneous decisions, so they can effectively overcome ana given
situation.
Listening feedbacks, listening to feedbacks of employees will give leader a clear idea of
issues which employees are facing and then leadership can take actions to overcome those issues
(Ayeleke and et.al, 2019). This action by leadership will give a satisfactory feeling to employees
and will create a positive impact on employees that their issues are being listen.
Inspire changes, it is important for the leadership of JD sports that they motivate
changes in their work environment, such that they are able to improvise their work process.
Leadership must understand that not accepting changes will make company's product outdated
and will have a negative impact on organizational sales.

Motivational theories for effective teamwork and management styles-
Motivational theories are used to understand the main reasons which drive employees
towards achieving their goals. There are several types of motivational theories which can be used
by JD sport to improve their performance (Belrhiti and et.al, 2016). Motivational theories are
generalized in two main categories which are Content Theory and Process Theory. Content
theory deals with the what's for motivation, which means the psychological needs of employees
and process theory works on how to motivate, this includes processes through which employees
can be motivated. Following are different motivational theories.
Content theory of Motivational for effective teamwork
Maslow's Need Theory- Maslow's need hierarchy is one of the main content motivational theory
which is used to identify the changing needs of employees, which is used by organization like JD
sport for making their organizational strategies. This will motivate employees for improving
their performance.
Physiological Needs- It contains the basic requirements of employees, like food, water
and shelter. ThereforeTherefore, JD sports must fulfil these requirements of employees, this will
motivate them for achieving their goals. Employee's motivation toward achieving their goal will
also have a positive impact on efficiency of team.
Safety Needs- Employees will not be able to concentrate on their work if the workplace
is not safe. It will also have a considerable negative impact on team efficiency. So JD sport must
make sure that their employees are not in continuous threat of getting hurt.
Belonging Needs- It is related to relationship which an employee establishes in their
workplace this is achieved by good communication between employees. Good communication
among employees enhances the overall working efficiency of team because its members are
efficiently sharing their ideas (Shaked, 2018).
Esteem Needs- It is related to pride feeling which employee achieves when they gain
complete mastery in their respective field. So in effective team it is important that team members
are able to understand these esteem needs of their fellow team member.
Self Actuation- It is final stage in need hierarchy in which employee tries to achieve the
highest level that one can reach. This type of motivation increases the team efficiency as its
members are highly motivated for acquiring something new.
Process Theory of Motivation

Skinner Reinforcement Theory- This theory is According to this theory performance of
employees is affected by the consequences of their actions. For exampleexample, if employee is
appreciated on the basis of its performance then in that condition there are high probabilities that
they are going to put more efforts such that they can get the same appreciation again. Therefore
the theory uses two different reinforcement techniques which are as following.
Positive Reinforcement- Employee's motivation can be done giving positive
reinforcement like increment in salary, rewarding with prize, appreciating their efforts and many
other methods. These efforts done organizations like JD sport will create a positive impact on
employee's performance and employee can be motivated for repeating the high level of
performance (Uzohue, Yaya and Akintayo, 2016). This positive reinforcement should also be
used within team, so they can motivate team members to improve their performance.
Negative Reinforcement- Negative reinforcement punishment which have to given to
employees if they are not able to perform well. This will create bad experience for employees
and therefore chances of repeating such actions decreases. These punishments can be given by
certain ways like, reducing the salary and removing all other benefits given to them. JD sports
can use negative reinforcement techniques to motivate their employees to perform well in their
respective fields and this will also stop them from repeating mistakes.
Management theories with management styles
Management styles are the ways in which management of organization works to achieve
their goals. These are ways in which management makes strategies and organize organizational
resources. Management styles are of following types.
Autocratic Management- This management style takes all the decisions in organizational
structure. They mainly focus on Skinner reinforcement motivational, so they can appreciate
employees on the basis of their performance.
Democratic Management- This management style, motivates employees to participate in
decision-making, but still the final decision is taken by management only (Isada and Isada,
2017). They focus on Skinner reinforcement, so they can make sure that employees are
performing well for achieving organizational goals.

Laissez-faire Management- This management style allow employees to take decisions as per the
situation they are up against. They mainly focus on Maslow's Need Theory which motivates
employee's to improve their working based on the situation.
Effectiveness of management and leadership behaviours-
Leadership can be defined as the ways in which leader motivates employee's to work
together for achieving organizational goals. It is the behaviour of leader which derives their
actions to be taken in order to improve organizational working and goals achieving capabilities.
Leadership makes sure that employees are able to understand the organizational goals and with
that leadership also makes sure that employees are able to perform well for achieving
organizational goals.
In case of JD sport Participative Leadership is effective because, leaders involve
employees in decision-making and preparing future organizational working. This behaviour of
leadership increases employeesemployee’s involvement with the organization and also increases
their loyalty toward organization (Car, Kyaw and Atun, 2018). Leadership behave in such a way
that employees are able to understand the organizational goal and also make sure that employees
are giving their involvement for achieving that goal. These activities done by leadership will
make a positive impact on organizational working and will help organization like JD sport for
achieving their targets.
Management of company is defined as the process done by organization to improve
organizational goal achieving capabilities is known as management of organization.
Management of organization must behave in such a way that they are able to understand the
working capabilities of their employees. With that management also has to make sure that they
place employees in such a way that employees are able to contribute their efforts toward
organizational goals. Management's good behaviour with employee motivate employees to
effectively discuss the issues which they are facing at their work place and will also motivate
them to give creatively new ideas for improving organizational working.
Management behaviour should be such that they are able to improve the working
capabilities of organizational departments such that it will not make a negative impact on
employee's performance. With that management also take cares that organization is able to

achieve their goals. Through this behaviour management of organization make sure that
organizational capabilities are increased.
Leadership and management both are responsible for properly managing employees such
that employees are able to perform well, and they also have to make sure that employee is
making considerable involvement in JD sports working (Pihlainen, Kivinen and Lammintakanen,
2016). Effective behaviour of management and leadership is important for JD sport because all
the departments and employees are working to achieve common goal and if one of them is not
able to perform well then it well put a negative impact on overall organizational working.
It is important for JD sports that they their management and leadership are able to
motivate their employees such that they are able to improve their organization's goal achieving
capabilities. Effective Leadership will motivate employees to work hard and acquire new skills
whereas Good management will make certain changes in organization such that the work load is
equally distributed among all the employees. With this collaborative team work between
management and leadership JD sport can easily achieve their organizational goal and this will
also enable them to improve the working capabilities of their employees.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Armstrong, M., 2016. Armstrong's handbook of management and leadership for HR: Developing
effective people skills for better leadership and management. Kogan Page Publishers.
Ayeleke, R.O. and et.al, 2019. Impact of training and professional development on health
management and leadership competence. Journal of health organization and
management.
Belrhiti, Z., and et.al, 2016. To what extent do site-based training, mentoring, and operational
research improve district health system management and leadership in low-and middle-
income countries: a systematic review protocol. Systematic reviews. 5(1). p.70.
Car, L.T., Kyaw, B.M. and Atun, R., 2018. The role of eLearning in health management and
leadership capacity building in health system: a systematic review. Human resources for
health, 16(1). pp.1-9.
De Waal¹, B., van Outvorst, F. and Ravesteyn¹, P., 2016. Digital leadership: The objective-
subjective dichotomy of technology revisited. In 12 th European Conference on
Management, Leadership and Governance ECMLG 2016(p. 52).
Isada, F. and Isada, Y., 2017. An empirical study regarding radical innovation, research and
development management, and leadership. Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy. 63(2).
pp.22-31.
Pihlainen, V., Kivinen, T. and Lammintakanen, J., 2016. Management and leadership
competence in hospitals: a systematic literature review. Leadership in Health Services.
Shaikh, A., Bisschoff, C.A. and Botha, C.J., 2018. Measuring management and leadership
competencies of business school educated managers in South Africa. Journal of
Business and Retail Management Research. 13(2).
Shaked, H., 2018. Why principals sidestep instructional leadership: The disregarded question of
schools' primary objective. Journal of School Leadership. 28(4). pp.517-538.
Uzohue, C.E., Yaya, J.A. and Akintayo, O.A., 2016. A review of leadership theories, principles,
styles and their relevance to management of health science libraries in Nigeria. Journal
of Educational Leadership and Policy. 1(1). pp.17-26.
1

2