Leadership and Management: TESCO Operations Analysis Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management within TESCO's operations. It begins with an introduction to the importance of management and its role in an organization like TESCO, followed by a comparison between leadership and management, exploring their distinct characteristics, focuses, and strategies. The report then delves into various leadership and management theories, including contingency theory and situational leadership, and examines their application in different scenarios, such as conflict resolution and decision-making. Furthermore, it discusses key operational functions like finance, operations, and strategies, along with the role of managers in these areas. The report also explores different approaches to operations management, such as Just-in-Time and Value, and analyzes the impact of external factors on decision-making and strategies for improving operational efficiencies. The report concludes by highlighting how TESCO can further optimize its hierarchical structure for more effective decision-making and efficient operations.

Management
and
Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 ....................................................................................................................................................3
M1 ...................................................................................................................................................4
P2 ....................................................................................................................................................4
P3 ....................................................................................................................................................5
M2 ...................................................................................................................................................5
D1 ....................................................................................................................................................6
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................6
P4 ....................................................................................................................................................6
P5 ....................................................................................................................................................7
M3....................................................................................................................................................9
P6 ....................................................................................................................................................9
M4 .................................................................................................................................................10
D2 ..................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Management is a very important process for an organisation, as it help them in managing
and making proper functioning of each and every operation. This help organisation in managing
their resources, so that the functions get performed in effective manner. Manager is a person for
organisation, who work to design all the plans and strategies for performing these activities. They
also use to monitor the work, that it is going according to plans or not. TESCO is a multi national
company of Europe, which deals with retailing of groceries and general merchandises. In this
report, a study will take place on theories and approaches of management and leadership along
with their roles. Impact of leadership and management will get discussed by knowing the strengths
and weaknesses of them ( Baboli, 2014). The key operational functions with roles and
responsibilities of a manager will also come in discussion, along with the approaches of key
operational to operations management. Also a discussion will take place on the impacts of external
factors on their decision making along with how operational efficiencies can be improved to meet
successful objectives.
TASK 1
P1
Leader is a person in organisation, who work to set future goals and objectives which
organisation has to achieve in a certain time period. It is very important for TESCO to have a leader
who can determine the opportunities and can study the conditions, so that they can make their future
goal according to it ( Binz, 2014).
Manager is a person, who work to make plans and strategies for achieving the goals and
objectives decided by leader. They also work to manage and supervise the work, so that the aims get
achieved in a certain time period. Beneath is the chart showing comparison between leadership and
management :-
Basis Leadership Management
Meaning Leadership is a skill which
help an individual by leading an
organisation or group of people.
Management is a process which
is used by organisations for
making systematic functioning
of different elements.

Emphasis on Leadership in TESCO use to
focus on inspiring individual
for achieving their goals.
Management in TESCO use to
manage and monitor the work
performed by individuals.
Power Leadership has power to make
changes in working of TESCO
(Johnstone, 2016).
Management has power to make
changes in rules of TESCO.
Focus on The main focus of Leadership
in TESCO is on introducing
changes.
Where as, management in
TESCO has main focus on
managing the resources and
responsibilities.
Strategies Leadership in TESCO use to
make strategies which are
proactive.
Management in TESCO, make
strategies which are reactive
( Kato, 2014).
Formulation of In TESCO, leadership use to
design principles and guidelines
for organisation.
Where as, management in
TESCO is a collection of
different policies and
procedures.
Example Leadership in TESCO, decided
to make different organisation
structure for stores and board
members.
Management of them, make a
structure, which help them in
gaining that.
M1
Contingency theory : This theory can used by both manager and leader of TESCO, under
this leader have to play different roles where as manager of them have to play different functions.
For example, if TESCO are deciding some technological change in their organisation, then the main
role of leader is to adopt a style which can give them best results, were has manager have to make
plans and organising their staff in proper manner, so that the change can get attained.
P2
Leadership and management are very crucial part for an organisation. A combination of
effective leadership and efficient management can help an organisation in achieving their goals in
efficient manner. But in some situations, leadership and management of an organisation have to

play different roles, so that the problem get solved easily. Different roles of management and
leadership in different situations are as follow :-
Situation 1 – Conflict : In modern business, conflicts are mentioned as common problem for
an organisation, but making solutions for these conflicts are very important for organisation.
Solving these problem will help them in gaining their goals and objectives. In these situations,
management have to study the conditions for making an effective solution, while on other hand,
leadership has to play an inspiring role. For example, if any one in organisation or a group of people
have any problem or conflict related to working of operations, then management have to supervise
the situation, and need to make appropriate changes in their plans and strategies for solving that
problem. While, leader have to motivate them, which will help them in achieving the goals and
objectives ( Liu, 2015). In such situations, both leadership and management can adopt the conflict
management theory. According to this, conflict is a natural process in an organisation, which has to
be solved by manager and leader.
Situation 2 – Decision Making : Taking decision are very important for an organisation.
This lead an organisation to make plans and strategies, that can help them in attaining gaols and
objectives. Leader is a person, who take decisions which can affect the working of their
organisation, where as manager make plans and strategies that help in gaining that aims. For
example, leadership of TESCO will take decision on their expansion, where as management will
make plans and strategies which can help them in achieving expansion. For this, they all can adopt
contingency theory of decision making. This will help them in taking decisions which will good for
their organisation.
P3
1. Situational leadership approach : This is a type of leadership approach where leader of
organisation like TESCO have to adopt different styles of leadership in different situations,
so that they can handle and deliver the situation in effective manner.
2. System leadership : This is an approach where leader of TESCO have to make conditions
for employees, so that they can work at their best and can perform with their potential. This
increase the working efficiency of their employees and also improve the use of their skills.
3. Contingency leadership : This is leadership approach where, leader of TESCO do not have
a fix style of leadership and there is no style which is declared as best for them. According
to this, the style of leadership which can give them result are best in that condition.

M2
1. Trait leadership : According to trait approach of leadership, great leaders can not build, they
are born ( Mendis, 2014). According to this, the leader of TESCO must have some qualities
like, intelligent, honest, creative, confident, driven, courage. Strengths and weaknesses of
Trait approach is :-
Strengths Weaknesses
 A provide points which make it easier to
identify the leader.
 It is builds on premises that leaders are
distinctive.
 It is not appropriate for training and
development purpose
 the focus of this is on leaders not on their
followers.
D1
TESCO is one the largest organisation in the world. They provide their products and services
in retailing of groceries and general merchandises. In the early period of 21st century, they use to
monitor their stores presented in all over the world, form only England. But after 2014, they decide
to make a hierarchy in their management, which will help them in making faster decisions and in
proper working. In this, leader of TESCO has proposed a strategy where, they use to divide the
system into two different hierarchies ( Palizban, 2014). One is of Executive Committee and another
will be for independent metro stores. The hierarchy of Executive Committee have 11 members
which will take decisions regarding to functionality and conflicts. Where as, TESCO organisation
hierarchy of stores will help them in solving small problems related to store. Here, manager of
organisation has make plans and strategies by which they can make this hierarchies effectively, so
that working do not get disturbed and the best outcome can be gained. This help them in making
their system divided, that results in faster and effective working of system. Management and
leadership have to play different roles in different situations, for this there are several theories and
approaches are there that can be used by them. For future, they can further divide their hierarchies
into small parts, which can help them in making decisions easier and effective.
TASK 2
P4
Organisation have to perform many operational functions, which help them in achieving
their goals and objectives. Manager of an organisation plays a vital role in the functioning of these

operations. Some of the key operations of TESCO are as follow :-
1. Finance : Finance is one of the most important operational function of an organisation.
TESCO has a large amount of financial support, but then also it is very essential for their
manager to make sure that the provided amount has used properly or not. For doing this,
manager of TESCO have to make plans and strategies for providing funds to different
department, which will depend on proposals and requirements of specific department.
2. Operations : This is a function of making plans and strategies, which can help organisation
in producing quality products and services ( Pingili, 2014). Here, manager of organisation
make plans and strategies for using the resources, raw material, and man power. This work
has to done by manger, in such a manner that the resources get used in best way with least
waste and the product get produced with quality. Manager also work to monitor all the
performance of these, which help them in knowing the status of work.
3. Strategies : TESCO is a huge organisation, but then also it is very important for their
manager to make plans and strategies so that their resources get utilised in best way. This
will help them in gaining some competitive advantages and also help them in optimising
their resource, which lead to reduce the costing of organisation. Along with this manger
have to take responsibilities to check that resources used in proper manner or not.
P5
Management of operations are very much needed for big organisation like TESCO. But it is
never being easy for any one to manage the operations. For this, TESCO can use different
approaches that can help them in managing their operations, some of them are described below :-
1. Just in Time : This is one of the most used approach of managing operations. According to
this, the raw materials are ordered by production house only, according to their requirements
( Shaheen, 2014). This can be very effective for them, as this will help them in reducing
their cost of inventory.
The main focus on which provided as per this technique is on the correction of obstacles that
present in production process. It helps Tesco in the process of identification of the hidden problem
in inventory and made their logistic operations more reliable. Application of this system in actual
provides the opportunity to the management of Tesco to analyse the different requirement of
materials in their supermarkets. This analysis as per JIT system help to secure the cost of
transportation of the unnecessary materials and the products which is already is stock. It also help to
reduce the cost of logistics and prevent the material from unnecessary damages. This will help to

ascertain appropriate synchronisation between demanded and delivering cycle.
Value : This can help organisation in reducing their cost of inventory. The actual value of
this system is ascertained from the point that it adds to the quality to their working which results
into the safest deliverance of the final products to the supermarket with optimum quality.
Application of this system also help in in fulfilling the commitment of the customers by providing
their demanded product on time with adequate quality. This will help finally in creation of trust of
customers on the services and working of organisation. The major impact of this is seen over their
future profit figures.
2. Six Sigma : It is a methodology which is adopt by many organisations, as this help them in
reducing the errors and defects from their operations. This can help organisations like
TESCO by reducing their cost and saving their time. This help them in making their
working and functionality more efficient. This can be achieve by high end if engineering and
manufacturing.
Value : This approach is very much useful for organisations, as this can help them in saving
their time and cost of functionality. TESCO is a big organisation and they have many errors and
defects in their functionality. This can help them in cutting down the defects and errors from their
system, which can reduce their costing, and also help in managing their functionalities easily.
3. Lean Production : This is the most used approach of managing operations. This help
organisations like, TESCO in reducing their waste from the activities performed by them,
which directly help them in cutting down their cost.
Value : This approach used by organisations for cutting their waste form their functionalities,
this help them in reducing their cost. TESCO can adopt this, which can help them in saving a huge
amount form their cost, which do not get used due to waste of resources.
4.TQM: It is the elaborative approach in which all participants within an organisation
contributes in the process of improving procedures, products and services. This will have different
principles which help in overall improvement of the organisational quality. Tesco become the
customer focused after identification of the current trends. This techniques can help Tesco in
detecting, eliminating, reducing waste and errors during process of manufacturing. This involves all
production process accountable for quality of goods and service provided by them. It is very
important for Tesco to follow such techniques in their business in order to achieve goals and
important in better and effective manner.
The importance of operation management are as follows:
Control and Distribution- The operation manager can assist Tesco in controlling and

distributing goods and services from one place to another. As they are overall responsible in
carrying out all activities of business in effective and efficient manner. Thus, with proper analysis,
operation manager can helps in control and distribution.
Transformation of Raw Materials into Finished Goods- The operation manager of Tesco
need to transform raw materials into finished goods. They are performing various roles and
responsibility in order to carry out task.
The value of operation management are as follows:
Quality of Goods- The main aim of business is to provide high quality goods and services to
their consumers in better and effective manner. This is possible if organisation possess effective
operation management team for carrying such work.
Customer Commitments- It is very important for Tesco to fulfils commitments of consumer
with help of operation manager who can help them to achieve goals and objectives of business.
Thus, it achieve goals as well as helps in earning high profits and growth in competitive market.
M3
For achieving goals and objectives, it is very important for organisation to make their
business operations effective. For do this, different approaches are required by managers and
leaders of TESCO. One of the best approach for this is inventory control, which TESCO can
implement in their organisation for achieving their goals and objectives. For this, TESCO has to
hire a leader according to Trait theory of leadership, which says that good leaders are born not
made. According to it, leader must have some qualities like, intelligence, honest, creative, confident,
driven, courage. This will help TESCO to find a person who can lead their team, make some
innovative ideas and also complete the work assigned to them. Inventory control is one of the
difficult task for every organisation, and leader can help them in achieving this by their innovative
approach (White, 2016). While on other hand, manager of TESCO can adopt Classical theory of
management. According to which, employees working with them, only have economical and
physical needs they do not have any social needs or needs related to job satisfaction. This will help
manager to take decisions and make strategies which can help them in achieving Inventory Control.
P6
Decision making of a manager and a leader can be affected by several factors. Such as :-
1. Competitors : Competitors are the biggest external factors that can affect the decision
making of a manager and leader in TESCO ( Strande, 2014). TESCO use to provide their

service at different part of world, therefore, it is very much important for them to study the
strategies and approaches used by their competitors. This can lead the manager in making
changes to their policies and strategies, which can help them in gaining some competitive
advantages. Where as, decisions of leader also may have to make changes in technology or
in future goals and objectives.
2. Customers : Demand of customers get change with time, and along with this, customers
from different regions have different requirements (External factors that affect decision
making, 2017). It is very necessary for manager of TESCO to study the needs of their
customers, so that they can make changes to their decisions and products. This will help
leader to make changes in strategies, that can attract customers to their products and services
which can fulfil their needs.
3. Suppliers : Suppliers are the most important external factor for decisions making by
managers and leaders. As TESCO is a huge organisation, they have ample number of
suppliers. It is very important for TESCO to maintain good relations with their suppliers.
This can help leader in avoiding the problems related to raw material, which lead them in
making cost effective products. For this leader may have to make changes in strategies
related to suppliers, where as, manager also have to make changes in strategies regarding
suppliers.
M4
There are many different factors that can affect the decision making of managers and leaders
of TESCO like, competitors, customers, suppliers, regulators, strategic partners. For future, TESCO
have to hire a leader who can make changes and can help them in gaining some difficult approach
by their innovation. Also can design policies which can help them in reducing the affect of external
factors on their decision making. This will lead them by getting some competitive advantage.
D2
TESCO is one the biggest organisation of the world in retail sector. They provide their
service in retailing of groceries and general merchandises. Several operations are performed by
them, but few of them are essential for them with relation to their performance. Every organisation
has different key operations, which depends on functionalities of that organisation. Some key
operations of TESCO are Finance, operation, strategy, design of product, forecasting, supply chain
configuration, managing the quality ( Webb, 2017). These all play an important role in the
performance of TESCO. For gaining this, they have to use different approaches, which can guide

them and can help them in gaining operational efficiency in their functionalities. Just in time, six
sigma, or lean production can be used by them by which they can make their operations more
productive and cost saving.
CONCLUSION
From the above study, it is concluded that, leader is a person who use to motivate, guide
employees for leading a team. They also design future goals and objectives that can help them
getting benefits in future. Where as, manager is an entity, who use to design plans and strategies
which can help organisation in attaining the goals and objectives proposed by leader. They also
work to monitor the performance of employees that the performed task is according to plans or not.
TESCO is one of the leading organisation of world, they are using different hierarchies for their
Executives and for stores. Manager and leaders in TESCO have to perform different tasks in
different situations. TESCO have to adopt some changes which can help them in making their key
operational functionalities more effective.

REFERENCES
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management in handover operation. U.S. Patent 8,817,741.
Strande, L. and Brdjanovic, D. eds., 2014. Faecal sludge management: Systems approach for
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Webb, S. P., 2017. Knowledge management: Linchpin of change. Routledge.
White, P. R., 2016. Public transport: its planning, management and operation. Routledge.