Leadership vs. Management Styles

This assignment delves into the crucial differences between leadership and management, examining various leadership theories and their practical applications. It analyzes how different leadership styles influence employee motivation, organizational performance, and overall success. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding both concepts for effective organizational development.

Management and Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Different roles and characteristics of managers and leaders..................................................3
M1 Analyse and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager..............5
D1Critically examine the scope, development and growth of entrepreneurial ventures............5
P2 How the roles of leaders and managers are applied in different situation.............................5
P3 Different theories and models of leadership..........................................................................6
M2 Strength and weaknesses of different approaches................................................................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
Covered in PPT...........................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Operation and management is that subject which is dealing in the managing and
conceiving the business operation at the time of production of goods and services. Operation and
management is mainly obsessed with supervising the production process in organisation (Best
and Holmes, 2010). It deals with to provide and distribute the goods and services with the
objective of creating new products and development. The operation manager is responsible who
strategizes, analyse the risk and solve the day to day problems which are arising in different
departments as well as overall organisation. The present report is based on Booker group plc,
who operates the largest food whole sale in London. It provides the these services in stores, pubs,
restaurants etc. In this assignment the difference between managers has leaders has been
explained and there importance also. Along with this different theories and approaches of
leadership has been discussed for the evaluation of strategic planning. However, this report has
given importance to management and operations to educational institution to improve their
efficiency so that they can provide quality of services.
TASK 1
P1 Different roles and characteristics of managers and leaders
Booker group plc is largest food wholesaler in UK. It provides so many services to
around 40000 customers in pubs, restaurants. In order to provide quality of services and food
then the managers and leaders have to coordinate with each other to attract the large number of
customers (Bolden, 2011). In business the managers and leaders are playing crucial role because
they have to set the targets for their employees for the achievement of organisational goals. The
managers are those person who give the task to employees and tell that how much time period
this task has to be achieve. But on other side, leaders encourage their team members and other
employees to perform task in appropriate manner. However, both managers leaders and
managers motivates the employees and maintain the coordination to get the qualitative service of
output. Here, are some different roles of leaders and managers are as follows which help the
organisation to provide the quality of services and to attract the large number of consumers.

 Managers manage the risk at hand, where as leaders lead towards future – In Booker
group plc, the managers are focused on to perform their job properly (Cummings and et.
al., 2010). But on other side, leaders are looking for the big picture that how to achieve
the goals with in time period by improving the skills and knowledge of employees.
 Managers supervise the people or task. Leaders can be individual contributors – There are
different managers in organisation and each of them has a defined set of responsibilities.
Where as, leaders are those person who looks to give guidance and direction to
individual. These type of person are to watch out for and to promote the management.
 Managers tell the people what to do but leaders guide the employees towards success – In
Booker group plc, the managers tell the roles and responsibilities of employees but
leaders guide them, encourage towards to perform their task in appropriate manner. A
leader inspires and support the team members to get succeed in performing their task.
 Managers set the direction for everything and leaders are willing to give up control – In
this organisation managers set the direction for everything that how much resources will
be available to employees and to give best results. On other side, leaders rejoice and
recognize those person who is ready for taking more responsibilities and may get a
promotion also (Derue and et. al., 2011). Leaders recognise when in organisation
someone ready to take new responsibilities.
 Leaders care about people and managers care about number – For managers the numbers
are important. A managers might bark on employees or worker at slow moving to pick up
the pace. But leaders are always there to solve the problems of employees and offer them
appropriate solutions to provide the quality of food to consumers.
The manager have more responsibilities rather than leaders because they have to manage
whole organisation in order to provide the quality of services. The managers has to make the
coordination with other departments for accomplishing with the goals of organisation and leaders
have to follow them. Both managers and leaders have authority to take decisions in dynamic
situation for resolving all the issues which are facing by the different departments (Dinh and et.
al., 2014). Leaders have to focus on short as well as long term vision of the company to motivate
the employees and to achieve the targets in appropriate manner.

M1 Analyse and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager
There are different roles and responsibilities of managers and leaders in organisation.
They have to follow some theories such as Maslow's Hierarchy theory in which the managers
have to go through with five stages in order to satisfy the needs of employees so that they can
provide quality of services to customers. In Booker group plc, it is responsibility of both
managers and leaders to provide proper training and development programme to new and
existing employees so that the organisation can beat their competitors and sustain in market for a
long period of time. The training should be provided time to time in order to enhance with the
skills and knowledge of employees.
D1Critically examine the scope, development and growth of entrepreneurial ventures
In modern era, entrepreneurial venture literally generates new wealth for the organisation.
The scope of entrepreneurial venture are wider through this entrepreneur provides the new and
innovative services to people to improve the economic conditions of country (English, 2011).
For remaining the existing business remain confined to the scope of existing markets then
entrepreneur may hit the glass ceiling in terms of income. To provide new and improved
products and services to customers or new technologies which are provided by the entrepreneurs
to develop in the new markets and new wealth can be created. Entrepreneurial ventures can also
change the life of society people by providing them basic needs such as food, cloths in retail
stores which will also improve their life style also.
P2 How the roles of leaders and managers are applied in different situation
The roles of leaders and managers can be applied in different situation when Booker
group plc is facing some obstacles to provide the quality of services to employees as well as
customers also. The leaders have to accomplish with new opportunities which are available in
market in order to improve the efficiency of new and existing employees. The cited company
have to open its outlets in different countries in order to satisfy the needs of various customers. It
is important for company to work in dynamic situation so that they can retain in global
competitive market for a longer period of time (Eyal and Roth, 2011). As there are many
competitors of this company who provide the services in restaurants, pubs; but they have to
trained their managers and leaders in such a way that they can maintain their sturdy position in
market. The following are some situations in which the roles of leaders and mangers can be
applied.

Conflicts resolutions – When conflicts are arises in business enterprises it the
responsibility of both managers and leaders to resolve the issues with in time period. The
manager of these has to use various tools and techniques so that they can provide better solution
to employees to perform their task in appropriate manner. Through this the targets of the firm
can be hit in efficient manner. But generally, managers avoids these disputes and they transfer
this responsibility to leaders to resolve the issues of employees.
Problem solving – When any employee faces and issues in regarding to there roles and
responsibilities then it the duty of managers to encourage them. But it is the first responsibility of
leaders to resolve the issue if he/she is enable to solve these problems then they can contact with
the managers (Huang and et. al., 2010). These issues should be resolve with in time period so
that the organisation can achieve objectives in appropriate manner. Through this it will also
increase skills and knowledge of employees and feel satisfy regarding their jobs.
Team building – In organisation managers are the one who manage all the business
activities and operations in order to accomplish with their goals and to satisfy the needs of
customers. Sometimes, they motivate their employees for the improvement of their performance
and provide the quality of services to consumers. Leaders, has to allocate the task accordance
with the capability of employees so that effective communication process can be maintained
between them. Through this, they can improve the relationship between the employees and
organisation.
The Booker group plc, has to make best strategies like offering the complementing
beverages with food, discount on various food items etc. These kind of strategies will work in
short period of time but give the long term benefits to organisation (Nakayama and Bucks,
2012). When the business entity are loosing their market share values in current year the this the
time where the leaders can go for the aggressive decision making and on other side, the
managers can make effective and efficient plan for resolving with these issues. But sometimes it
become difficult to put the roles of leaders and managers in different situation due to the
available of resources in organisation.
P3 Different theories and models of leadership
The early theme of theories and models of leadership are designed to understand and
make the different identification of traits and behaviours between all the leaders who are having
these common things. Contingency and situational theory examine that which leader are it in

different situations and can handle all the problems in appropriate manner. These theories
support the leaders and provide the guidelines to organisation to accomplish with their goals in
time period (Parris and Peachey, 2013). In Booker group plc, the managers and leaders can apply
different tools and techniques to provide quality of services to customers in pub, restaurants etc.
Through these theories they can open many outlets in different countries for attracting large
number of customers and retain in exiting competitive market. Here, some of leadership theories
are explained as below.
Situational leadership theory – This theory suggest that there is no single way to
achieve the organisation objectives. But is all depends on situation that which type of leadership
and strategies are to bes used. According to this theory, most of the leaders of Booker group plc,
adopt the style of working as per situations. In this leaders have four kind of behaviours which
are based on the levels of directive and supportive behaviour and these are telling, selling,
participating and delegating (Pellegrini, Scandura and Jayaraman, 2010). The leaders are
following different kind of approaches which is based on their attitudes, experiences etc. So
leaders have their own choice that which approach they will use to work in distinct situation for
the achievement of the task of organisation.
Systematic leadership theory – The leaders of Booker group plc have to arrange their
work in systematic way so that they can accomplish with their goal and targets in appropriate
manner. This leadership theory will give extra potential to leaders and organisation to perform
their business operation activities in efficient manner. As it is the responsibility of leaders to
understand over all structure of food firm and take decision s according to the requirements of
consumers. For this they have to maintain the proper coordination with other departments and
take any decisions for the growth of the company.
Contingency leadership theory – In this theory, the leaders argues that there is no single
to lead in competitive market. This type of leadership styles and approaches help the leaders to
identify the perfect matches between the situations. The success of leaders is functions of
various contingencies which are in the form of task which are performed by the employees. The
effectiveness of leaders behaviour will depends upon the demands which are imposed by the
distinct situations (Shondrick, Dinh and Lord, 2010). In Booker group plc, when the leaders are
working with in contingency theory then these leadership styles can either be relationship or task
motivated. As task leaders are primarily connected with the goals of organisation and motivates

the employees for achieving the task in time period only. Where as relationship are concerned
with the developing the close interpersonal relations with employees with in organisation only.
M2 Strength and weaknesses of different approaches
The strength and weakness of different approaches are as follows and this has to
considered by all leaders while working in different types of leadership theory. In situational
leadership theory the weakness is that when there are suddenly change in the organisation
objectives the leaders may not be ready to perform their functions properly (Smith, Rahn and
Wang, 2010). But the strength is that they have all kind of solutions to work in dynamic
environment.
The strength of systematic theory is that the organisation will achieve the task in
appropriate way buy it may take some time. The weakness is that leaders have to allocate the in
systematic way only to employees if this break down the chain then employees will get confused
that which task they have to perform (WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MANAGER
AND LEADER?, 2015). The weaknesses of contingency theory is that it waste the time of
leaders to make different approaches for different situations to accomplish with the goals of
Booker group plc. But the strength is that the leaders can face any type of obstacles and ready to
provide the quality of services to customers so that they can beat there competitors.
TASK 2
Covered in PPT
CONCLUSION
After summing up the report it has been concluded that in Booker group plc, the manager
has to mange all the operational activities which are performing by organisation in order to
provide quality of services to customers. Different approaches of leadership will help the
company of leaders to work in different situation. The managers and leaders has to perform their
roles and responsibilities properly in order to satisfy the needs of employees so that they can
provide the quality of services to customers. Through this the firm will able to achieve their
objectives in appropriate manner. Both managers and leaders have to coordinate with each other
and maintain the coordination with different departments for achieving the targets of company.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Best, A. and Holmes, B., 2010. Systems thinking, knowledge and action: towards better models
and methods. Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice. 6(2).
pp.145-159.
Bolden, R., 2011. Distributed leadership in organizations: A review of theory and research.
International Journal of Management Reviews. 13(3). pp.251-269
Cummings, G. G., and et. al., 2010. Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing
workforce and work environment: a systematic review. International journal of nursing
studies. 47(3). pp.363-385.
Derue, D. S., and et. al., 2011. Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and
meta‐analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel psychology. 64(1). pp.7-52.
Dinh, J. E., and et. al., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current
theoretical trends and changing perspectives. The Leadership Quarterly. 25(1). pp.36-
62.
English, F. W. ed., 2011. The Sage handbook of educational leadership: Advances in theory,
research, and practice. Sage.
Eyal, O. and Roth, G., 2011. Principals' leadership and teachers' motivation: Self-determination
theory analysis. Journal of Educational Administration. 49(3). pp.256-275.
Huang, X., and et. al., 2010. Does participative leadership enhance work performance by
inducing empowerment or trust? The differential effects on managerial and non‐
managerial subordinates. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 31(1). pp.122-143.
Nakayama, F. S. and Bucks, D. A. eds., 2012. Trickle irrigation for crop production: design,
operation and management (Vol. 9). Elsevier.
Parris, D.L. and Peachey, J.W., 2013. A systematic literature review of servant leadership theory
in organizational contexts. Journal of business ethics. 113(3). pp.377-393.
Pellegrini, E. K., Scandura, T. A. and Jayaraman, V., 2010. Cross-cultural generalizability of
paternalistic leadership: An expansion of leader-member exchange theory. Group &
Organization Management. 35(4). pp.391-420.
Shondrick, S. J., Dinh, J. E. and Lord, R. G., 2010. Developments in implicit leadership theory
and cognitive science: Applications to improving measurement and understanding
alternatives to hierarchical leadership. The Leadership Quarterly. 21(6). pp.959-978.
Smith, K. A., Rahn, C. D. and Wang, C. Y., 2010. Model-based electrochemical estimation and
constraint management for pulse operation of lithium ion batteries. IEEE Transactions
on Control Systems Technology. 18(3). pp.654-663.
Xu, Q., 2014, August. Research on the security problems existed in information managment of
libraries. In World Automation Congress (WAC), 2014 (pp. 867-869). IEEE.
Zhang, X. and Bartol, K. M., 2010. Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The
influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process
engagement. Academy of management journal,. 53(1). pp.107-128.
Online
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MANAGER AND LEADER?. 2015. [Online].
Available through: <https://www.cornerstoneondemand.com/rework/whats-difference-
between-manager-and-leader>. [Accessed on 2nd April 2017].