Leadership, Management, and Operations at Marks & Spencer: A Report

This report provides a detailed examination of leadership and management roles within the operational context of Marks & Spencer (M&S). The introduction highlights the importance of management in organizational growth, emphasizing planning, execution, and the roles of leaders and managers. The main body delves into the distinct characteristics of leaders (communication, motivation, learning) and managers (conflict resolution, analysis, objective setting, monitoring) and how these roles apply in various situational contexts, such as new product launches and employee engagement. The report explores leadership theories including System, Situational, and Contingency theories, assessing their strengths and weaknesses in the work environment. It also covers key approaches to operations management and their significance in relation to business objectives, evaluating how leaders and managers can enhance operational efficiency. The report further elaborates on business environmental factors influencing operational management and decision-making. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the key findings and their implications for M&S's operational success.

Management and
Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
P1 Define and compare all different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager..........3
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts.......................................................................................................5
P3 Theories and models of approach. ........................................................................................6
M2 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the work
environment.................................................................................................................................7
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management with all there roles that leaders and
managers play..............................................................................................................................8
P5 Explain important Significance & value of operations management in context of business
objectives.....................................................................................................................................9
M3 Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management
to successfully meet business objectives...................................................................................10
P6 Elaborate Business Environmental Factors that affect the operational Management &
decision making of the Leader & Managers ............................................................................10
M4 Analyse how these different factors affect the business environment and wider
community.................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Management plays an important role in the organisation with its key effect and the nature
that can be framed and is being carried for the growth. All the operational functions is being
framed by the company as it helps out to make the organisation to implement and set out varies
goals and managing skills. The development of the company is being done by the managing
skills of the ,leaders and the managers(Ballon and et. al., 2020). There are various proper
planning and the execution that implies the methods through which the company can tend to
make proper staffing, organising, planning for the companies growth and benefits. The
organisation that is been selected for this report is Marks & Spencer as this is established in
1884, and is dealing in all mover the world. M&S usually deals with all the food products,
clothing and all the home essentials . Its headquarter is in London, UK. This report will there by
cover all the management and the operational skills of the organisation.
MAIN BODY
P1 Define and compare all different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
As in any organisation all the leaders there by makes and frame the different role in the
company and that helps to abide and frame all the important skills that are been taken into
consideration. As M&S is leading brand it covers various characteristics of leaders and managers
they are as follows:
Role of Leaders: Communication- The leaders tends to make there employee to get and effective
communication from there side as this is being framed as all the leaders try to maintain a
healthy and a proper communication with there employees in order to get the work done. Motivation- The team leaders will have to maintain all the motivation to there employees
by keeping them clear about there goals and to make them motivated so as to frame out
all the essentials and to get them excited about there current growth and the working
areas(Banerjee, and Mishra, 2017). The leaders there by can also motivate there
employees by the help of rewards and bonus and other various targeting achievements.
 Learning- As the leaders will have to guide there teams with the proper functioning they
just have to maintain the variable areas and the nature through which they are themselves

ready to learn various things and with that can attain the nature and make the employees
to learn better.
Characteristics of Leaders: Strategic Thinking ability- The leaders are always prepared in order to maintain the
proper strategies in there thinking ability and also in there production to increase the
growth. Self Awareness- The leaders tries to improve there working area by attaining more
knowledge and keeping themselves ready for all the learning and making them better as a
person(Bateman, and Radnor, 2017).
 Focused- All the leaders tends to be more focused as that will help them out to gain
much advancement to achieve there target goals and make there employees to work in a
better way.
Role of Managers: Resolving conflicts- The managers works to maintain then peace in the working areas
and for that they try to maintain the friendly relation with all and if there arise any dispute
they there by tends to resolve that. Analyse Alternatives- As for the organisation it is important that the managers will have
to be ready with all the alternatives in the company in order fro the growth there is a
need for the other plan too. Set objectives- Managers tends to set the objectives of the company and make there
employees well aware about that as to maintain the company environment and clear
about there goals and the targets.
 Monitoring- The managers monitors all the employees working carefully and guide them
whenever it is required and seen in order to keep check that the target is achieving.
Characteristics of Managers: Time management- The managers have to manage the time according to the projects and
the work that is been made so as to achieve the goals(Boer and et. al., 2017). Appreciation- They will have to appreciate there employees timely as to keep them
motivated by various rewards and other sessions.

 Work culture- All the employees should get a better environment and the work culture as
this helps them out to maintain the strong and the proper working environment by setting
the goals and the targets.
So as to maintain the growth of the company M&S leaders and the managers should
implement all these characteristics and roles.
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts.
As in all the organisation there seems to be important that all the work and the
organisation tends to create a effective image in the working areas and environment. There has
been analysed that to maintain the growth the leaders and the manager plays a vital role in the
development and for that as they deals in a proper manner like in M&S the role of the leaders
and the managers are being mentioned below:
Introduction of new products- In every organisation there tends to be made wide range of
changes as according to the needs and the growth of the company there has been analysed that in
that face as M&S when tries to launch the new products within the change in the advancement
and also the customers requirements then certain roles and functions are being followed(de
Sousa Jabbour and et. al., 2018).
Roles of Leaders- All the leaders will as in the introduction of the new product will tell
there employees about the changes and the product and motivate them in order to make that in a
better way. All the employees will be communicated about the changes and the work that is
going to be started.
Functions of Managers- The manager will there by m,make certain plans and will
implement that out in order to achieve the target growth bin the company and that also being
framed in a proper manner by explaining the role of the leaders in that work.
Engagement of Employees- As M&S is a leading brand and they bare also dependent on the
employees over there working, soi there by it will be analysed that employee engagement is
severable much more important then all other things and for that certain functions and roles are
being taken.
Role of Leaders- The leaders in order to make the employees engaged tries to create a
friendly environment and and give them proper directions about the way they will have to work
for the company.

Functions of the managers- The managers tries to make effective policies in order to
take the work and the engagement of the employees in a proper way. The managers also tend to
keep them motivated by applying the rewards, bonus and other means to keep the employee
engaged(Harmon, 2019). As the manger regularly guide there employees by there work so as to
make them aware about the target that are to be raised,
P3 Theories and models of approach.
As all the organisation tends to create the more growth and production there has been
seen that various approaches can be framed so as to maintain the development of the company.
Marks and Spencer use various methods through which they can maintain there growth in the
market.
System theory of Leadership
This theory has been effectively been made as in order to maintain the collaborative
leadership and with that the innovation in there products and to maintain and build the coalition
in the organisation. By this theory all the leaders try to explain there employees about there
working and the training through which they can there by grow as it implies that all the
employees are being trained and guided by there working method and through that with all the
new techniques which are being implemented. Marks and Spencer trains there employees for the
working and also maintain the image by making proper launching of the products. They tries to
give them proper training about there products and the areas through which they can work.
Situational theory Of Leadership
This theory is also known as Hersey Paul Blanchard situational leadership theory as it is
being given by Paul Hersey and it contains the 4 important leadership style that has been given to
the Marks and Spencer as being mentioned below: Telling- In this method the leaders use to tell there employees about the task or the
project that is been assigned by the organisation. With the proper details of that product
and there work(Kanokworapan and et. al., 2017). The Marks and Spencer leaders use to
give there employees a proper information about there working and implementing the
new task. Selling- The leaders implies the ways through which the employees tends to make the
organisation work and there products being sold in the market in a proper way. For that
they emphasis to make the product being sold and the further growth of the company can

there by be retained. This specify that all such elements can help M&S leaders to make
the clear role for selling and making the growth of the products. Participating- Through this leadership style all the employees were made to be
participative as in order to gain the production the leaders make there employees to
participate in certain matters through which they will generate the revenue and growth.
The leaders in M&S also takes the idea from the employees about the innovation of
certain product(Lai, Sun, and Ren, 2018).
 Delegating- In this method the leaders tries to take and delegate the ideas which are
thereby being important for them as in order to make the growth in various areas and as
the employees helps in the keen advancement of the organisation.
Contingency Theory of Leadership
This theory is framed by Fiedldr's as in such type of theory the organisation just try to
focus on all the areas through which they can expand there growth in the company. There has
been analysed that all the company can there by be made as to maintain and are prepared for all
the problems and the practises that can there by arises. As the leaders there has been made that
all the situations can be covered under the growth of the company and they train there employees
for there working skills and for upcoming problems and the opportunities. As Marks and Spencer
make there employees ready for all the problems that can there by be arises in the organisation.
M2 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the work
environment.
M&S will cover all the various areas and approaches with there strength and weakness.
which is as mentioned below:
Approach Strengths Weakness
Situational It implement all the methods through
which they tend to make the working
easy and clear with the delegation
and participation(Mahmood, and
Tan, 2020).
They have to adopt every time a
new leadership which is difficult
for leaders.
Contingency They try to expand the company and
also its working through the
It is a costly and time consuming
process.

employees.
System It helps in the training of the
employees for the new innovation.
It has certain risk as it covers out
varies advancement and
innovation in all region.
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management with all there roles that leaders and
managers play.
The organisation tends to maintain all the approaches and the growth of the company as
there has been framed that all the approaches in the company can there by maintains and helps
out for various skill. The managers and the leader play a vital role in all the approaches and the
strategies that has been mentioned below: Lean Production- This is the important areas as it helps out to make the growth and the
production of the company in a better way there has been analysed that all such methods
are being used so as to allocate all the resources, there has been identified that all the
resources that are being covered in the organisation will not have to be wasted and as to
increase the production the proper resources should be maintained. Marks and Spencer
makes there employees to join them in order to maintain the resources and also helps for
the companies benefit by analysing and formulation all the strategies being accounted.
This is mainly being done systematically as by giving and setting all the products which
are important(Rendon, and Snider, 2019).
 Operational management- In this the organisation tends to make various methods and
the strategies through which the company will there by work as it implants that all the
organisation tends to create the specific work and also the records which will help in
generating the revenue of the company. All the team leaders and the employees work
together as to generate the effective strategy in the market and make there team with
various diligence. All the products of the company will be allocated by the employees in
proper way through operational management and this also make there teams to maintain
the areas and proper work. As Marks and Spencer gives effective strategies to there
employees in order to maintain the records of the work and the new launching that has to
be taken place.

 Just-in-Time- In this method all the work that is being made covers the inventory
method as with all the management and the approaches in the time that are being
covered . This process is also called as JIT in which all the raw material, manufacturing
products and services can be covered through the labour organisation and the main aim of
the company is to maintain all that work in the inventory time and approach(Paton and et.
al., 2020). The Marks and Spencer maintains all the resources and there usage of the
products kin a proper time interval and this has been analysed that in certain methods that
the company maintains the records of all the resources in the working areas.
Total Quality Management
In all such kind of approach there will be analysed that all the important areas and the
quality of the products has been considered there has been made the working ability through
which the companies tries to develop all the areas and the approaches. The employees were there
being made to participate in the company so as to gain the benefit and maintain the quality of the
products that are being made.
P5 Explain important Significance & value of operations management in context of business
objectives
The operational management implies with various objectives that are needed to be
analysed and with that there can be seen that all the business transactions and the companies
guide will help out in order to make the standard of the business and also to maintain the budget
of the organisational system. Marks and Spencer use the various ways through which they
maintain there business: Invention- The Marks and Spencer mangers tends to make various areas and the method
through which all the inventions are there by being made. As when framed there has been
seen that all the organisation tends to need the innovation with all the advancement in the
companies and in that this implies that M&S covers out the method through which they
comes out with new invention in order to increase the growth of the company. Quality of products- All the leaders and the managers tries to maintain the quality of the
product and with that they aims out to make all the development in the company and in
the strategies so as to increase the quality of the product the M&S maintains all the
qualities of the product in order to make the development and the customers satisfied.

 Resources utilization- All the resources all there by be properly utilized by the company
as there has been seen that in all the companies and there production the main aim behind
the working is that the resources are being kept in record and there will not be made any
wastage by the employees. M&S tries to maintain all the areas and utilization in proper
manner. Customer Satisfaction- As customers are the most important person in the market and all
the development in themselves creates out to be the most important person. All the
companies tries to frame the innovation according to the requirements of the customers.
So all the companies tries to implement the ideas through which they tends to maintain
the customers goals and needs. Managers tries to implement all the areas through which
they develop the products and also attracts the customers for the company.
 Capacity management- In this all the managers aims to maintain all the capabilities and
the strategies through which they enhance the performance of there employees and try to
Martian the effective relation with them( Romano, 2017).All the various areas and the
way operational management covers out as it applies that all the employees have the
working areas and they always tends to develop the culture and nature.
M3 Evaluate how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies of operational management to
successfully meet business objectives.
As in order to maintain the effective approach in all the company there has been seen that
all the organisation tends to maintain the production and all the allocation of the resources an for
that there has been seen that the operational management implies to gain the adverse affect. The
leaders and the managers communicate with the employees and with that they can maintain all
the areas and the time management with keep noticing all the strategies that needed to be
implemented(Yildiz, Møller, and Bilberg, 2021). Thus all the leaders and the managers implies
to work on the innovation and the advancement of the company with there certain benefits.
P6 Elaborate Business Environmental Factors that affect the operational Management &
decision making of the Leader & Managers
There are various internal and the external factors in all the operational management for
the growth. In context to M&S it covers as follows:
Internal factors

 Finance- Through all the finance areas the company allocate there funds that are being
important for the projects, as M&S tends to maintain all there financial records and the
funds which are there by important for the organisation. Stakeholders-This covers the individuals who helps out in raising the funds and also in
decision making process. M&S takes the help of stakeholder in order to get the
betterment of the company. Marketing- M&S makes certain teams in order to maintain the company and there
promotion in the customers and the targeted markets. Through the various social media
platform and direct marketing.
External factors
As by the PESTLE all the macro factors like political, legal, social, technology, legal and
environmental and for the organisation is being covered as M&S in order to develop takes the
two important factors they are as follows: Social- As all the organisation there by depends the cultural social norms in which all the
age, race, preference are being covered etc. as in all the environmental factors the
companies tends to make there products according to the changes in the culture.
 Technological- The M&S implies all the advancements in the company with all the
betterment in order to increase the growth of the company and also the varies innovation
in there products so as to maintain the advancements.
Thus, all these factors helps out to gain all the advancements and there managers tries to
maintain all the important areas and nature of the company (Tarkhanova and et. al., 2018).
M4 Analyse how these different factors affect the business environment and wider community.
The external and internal areas of working in the organisation tends to maintain the varies
community. As all these factors implies to help the organisation in there working areas as the
finance imparts the growth and all the funding of the company with there varies benefits in the
organisation and there has been analysed that all the social and the technological factors implies
in the growth of the organisation and in that all the areas that has to be pertained.
CONCLUSION
From this above report it is concluded that operation management plays a vital role in all
the management and the companies and with that all the leaders and the managers tries to implies

all the effective strategies through which the company can there by frame out in certain areas.
The managers and the leaders are the important asset in all the organisation as they train the
employees and also maintain the just-in-time and capacity management with maintaining the
productivity and the efficiency. There are several leadership style that helps out in framing the
work min the company like situational, contingency and system creates and helps in the
innovations and the growth of the company.