Management and Operation: Roles of Leaders and Managers in Arcadia Group

This report discusses the roles and functions of leaders and managers in Arcadia Group, a multinational retailing company in the UK. It explores the definition and comparison of leaders and managers, as well as different leadership theories and models. The report also evaluates key approaches to operations management and their impact on the company's growth.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION

TABLE OF CONTENT
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
PART 2............................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

PART 1
INTRODUCTION
Management and operation is referred as a planning and organizing a production or
services in the organization. It plays an important role in organization to create a road map or
proper planning for successes in the market. This report will contain different management and
operation roles of Arcadia group (Miki, and Natsumeda, 2020).This company is multinational
retailing company which operates in UK. It is second largest clothing retailer in the UK. It sells
variety of cloths for different generation. This report will define and compare different roles of
leaders and manger and it also applies different theories and models on leadership and
management functions.
Definition and comparison of leaders and managers
Definition:
Leaders:
It is defined as a person who is capable to influence and motivate a group of people or
individual towards their goals and targets. They also try to inspire employees to get the work
done. Leaders play vital role in motivating and influencing their employees with the help of
effective communication and convincing skills. Their main motive is to inspire and motivate the
employees to get the best work and performance from them which help in growth of the
company (Afshari, and et.al., 2017). They lead whole organization and try to encourage
employees for better performance. They also assist organization in making strategies to achieve
goals and long term targets.
Managers:
It is explained as a person in a company which design and manage the organization work
and also try to fulfil company objectives and goals. They also distributed work among different
employees and also monitor their work and performance for betterment of the organization.
Manager are also responsible for planning, direction, coordination and control in the company. In
the firm there are different types of managers are present such as project manager, general
manager, human resource manager and more. Different mangers have different roles and these
roles are depending on their work of nature.

Comparison between leaders and managers:
Basis Leaders Managers
Vision and goals
Goal
Objectives
Risks
Planning
 They create a vision
for the company. By
creating vision, they try
to engage their
employees and inspire
them to accomplish
them.
 They change their
agents, for leader’s
innovation and
creativity are main
tools for working.
That's the reason they
focus in changes.
 Leaders focus on
uniqueness; they work
actively to build their
unique work
environment.
 They take risks and try
new things and also
they take failures as a
path of success
(Clarke, 2019).
 They create a plan for
long term, they also
try to motivate their
employees for long
 They create different
goals for the
organization. By setting
goals they try to control
different situations and
complete their
objectives.
 Mangers try to
maintain the status,
they always try to
manage their system
and structure for better
work performance.
 They follow hierarchy
system in which they
copy rules and
structure.
 They control risks,
manger try to minimize
risk so that they can
effectively do their
work and achieve their
goals on time.
 Manager set goals for
short term, because
they want regular
rewards and

Skills
Relationship
term plan.
 Leader grow their
skills personally and
something by their
own, and they also
teach their employees.
Their curious nature
helps them to always
ready to learn.
 They build
relationship, they
always try to maintain
their relationship with
their stakeholders,
customer and with their
employees because
these peoples directly
or indirectly provide
benefits to their
business.
motivation.
 They develop their
skills based on
existing and proven
skills. They just try
adopt skills from others
which make their work
easy.
 Managers build system
and process in the
organization. They
focus on building
necessary structure in
the organization which
provide them desire
results.
Roles and functions of leader and manger in different situation context:
There are different roles and functions of leaders and managers in different situational
context. In company in different situations leaders and managers reach in different ways for
example Arcadia group is facing situations of product material cost increasing, in this leader and
managers play different roles. Leaders try talking to suppliers and find the reason of increased
cost as well as they also try to find different and unique solutions which help company to
overcome this situation. Simultaneously mangers try to find proven methods so that this situation
does not affect company, and they earn their constant profit. Manager also try to encourage
employees and increase their work performance so that they complete their target. Leaders and

managers, also try to make strategy and plan together to solve this problem so that their work
environment and performance does not get affected. This situation also helps to create effective
work environment in the workplace and give competitive advantages.
Other example, in Arcadia group conflicts occurs at that time leaders and managers
perform different roles and function to resolve the conflicts (Dimitrova, 2019). In this situation
also leaders try to identify the reason behind the conflicts why this occurred in the company and
after finding the reason, leaders try to provide the best solution according to their perspective.
They also try to get help from managers for resolving the situation and to make effective
strategies and plan so that conflicts never affect organization growth and performance. Manager
try to overcome the affects of conflicts from the company to maintain their organization work
environment and performance.
There are different leadership approaches and theories which assists Arcadia group in different
situational context some are as follows.
Transformational theory:
This is also called relationship theory in which leaders try to maintain effective
relationship with their employees. Transformational leaders try to motivate and encourage their
team members (Reiche, and et.al., 2017). This theory help leader and their employees in
different situations, for instance help them to set clear goals, provide encouragements, inspire
them to achieve goals and more. By the help of this theory leader try raise their position as well
as their employee position. With the help of transformational theory Arcadia group can easily
handle the above discussed situation because this theory help leaders and manager in effective
communication with employees and staff members.
Transactional theory:
In this theory leaders focus on results, and they measure success in terms of rewards and
punishment. They try to maintain routine and structure of the company so that in different
situations' organization constant profit is not affect. In this theory leader set goals based on
previous requirements. They try to motivate and influence employees by reward and penalty
system. Transactional theory provide the best solutions for conflict situation and help leaders and
managers to maintain the workplace environment.
Different theories and models

There are various theories and model which help Arcadia group in their operations and
management. Different theories and approaches are as follows,
Situational leadership theory:
According to this theory leader and manager adopts different styles such as autocratic,
authoritative and democratic and more according to situation. It also suggests that no single
leadership style are best for every situation. Leadership styles are also varied according to the
situations. According to this theory or model best leader are whose which are able to adapt
different style according to change. In Arcadia group also leader and manger follow situation
theory in which they try to use different leadership and management style. These styles help
company in problem solving as well as to achieve their objective and goals.
It also refers to leader and managers when they try to develop different change in
organization and also when they try to influence employees for better work performance. To
achieve targets and goals styles are continuously changed.
Strengths:
In situational leadership there is no single leadership style follow in organization leadership style
are varied according to situation and this is main strength of this theory.
Weakness:
Lack of understanding and possibility of creating confusions when different situation are
interconnected.
Systems leadership theory:
It is important theory for management, this theory provides basic understanding and
analysation about the company. This theory helps Arcadia group to improve their system and
production performance. It is also beneficial for the company to develop their performance and
to growth in market. This theory assists leaders and manager to develop effective system in the
work place for better performance and profit rate (Andriani, Kesumawati, and Kristiawan, 2018).
By the help of this theory leaders and managers try to influence their employees to get the best
work from them and to raise sales and profit for organization overall growth. System theory also
helps company in effective communication and effective planning for fulfil target and objectives
for the company.
Strengths:
System theory provide framework and clarification in complex work environment.

Weakness:
It is time-consuming and lengthy process.
Contingency Approach:
It is management based approach in which it suggests the best management style to the
company for long term situation. This approach is beneficial for Arcadia group for specific
situation and to influence whole management for same situation. It also helps company in
effective planning and making strategy which assists leader and management to handle
particular circumstances. It is similar to situational theory but in situational theory management
focus on leader’s behaviours but in contingency theory it includes leader’s capability according
to the situation variables. In Arcadia group there are different factors which influence
contingency theory such as size of the company, technologies used, strategic, differences among
operational activities and more.
Chaos theory:
It helps company to understand that change is constant and it can't be controlled. By this
theory manager and leader understand that they must adapt change quickly so that the changing
situation does not affect the organization growth and their current market. This theory also
assists company leaders to influence and encourage the employees to adapt changes according to
situation and increase their workability.
Strengths:
This theory helps company in exchanging information and provide adaptable environment in the
company.
Weakness:
In this theory proper management is not established and it is also time-consuming.
CONCLUSION
This part of the report concludes that manager and leaders are playing important role in
the organization. Their roles and responsibility affect the whole organization work place. It is
recommended to the leader and mangers in the Arcadia group that they must use effective
leadership and management style to fulfil objectives and goals of the company.
PART 2
INTRODUCTION

Operation management is the process in which company transform their good and
services according to customer requirement. There are different key operations which affect
Arcadia group growth and profit. This report will evaluate the different key approaches in
operation management and how this will affect the overall growth of the company.
Key approaches to operations management and the roles of leaders and managers
For effective growth in the business and to create proper plan and effective strategies
leader and manager adopt different approaches to manage workforce in the Arcadia group. They
use different approach to reduce the quantity of resources and to improve the different operation
in the company. Different key approaches are as follows,
Total Quality Management:
In organization for continuous development and growth it is important to check and
manage product and service quality regular. In Arcadia group to check products and services
quality leader take feedbacks from customers and consumers. Basically total quality management
help company in decision-making, established effective communication skills between
employees and it also provides different benefits to individual employees in the personal
development. With the help of this key approach company improve their product and services
continuously. It assists company to attract more and more customer and to increase sales and
profits for the company. Total quality management has different principles which help Arcadia
group in effective product and service quality. TQM principles are customer focus, employee
commitment and process approach etc. These principles help in organization overall growth.
Six sigma approach:
This approach is used to develop the quality programs in the managements. Basically six
sigma approach is defined as a quality program which contributes in the company. This theory
help in the company to reduce costs and increase sales (Adams, 2018). It also enhances leader
and manager experiences and assist them for influence and motivate to employees. It also have
different principles such as focus on customers, reduce waste and understand the working
process. Six sigma approach also contributes in the company by helping leader and management
of the company by creating different charts and calculation of profits and sales which assist
organization for improvement.
Lean Manufacturing:

In this approach organization focus on eliminating waste material in production process.
With the help of this approach company try to improve organization management and reduce
waste material. Arcadia group also try to focus on essential material and create the product with
good and eliminate the waste raw material and save the cost of the waste material. This approach
also help company to increase profitability with the elimination of waste material.
Just-in-time inventory:
This approach is important for the organization to manage the production process. It also
helps company to reduce the cost of wastage material same as lean manufacturer approach. This
is also assists company to generate profit and higher performance and decrease the cost of raw
material. In this approach leader role is to make list of tasks and managers verified the task list
and modified according to requirement.
Leaders and managers improve efficiency
By using the operation management approaches leaders and managers would be able to
guide the employees effectively which is a great factor for the overall development of the
company. Arcadia Group is improving on the way they are performing in order to be able to
work effectively. Competition in the market is increasing which needs to be identified and make
the right development for a longer run. Leaders and managers will have a plan and decisions are
going to be made according to the operation management which is going to get a better sense of
direction and objectives are going to be achieved faster.
Importance and values of operation management to achieve business objective
In Arcadia group operation management is based on different principles which help them
to achieve their business objectives. In Arcadia group lean manufacturing or lean thinking is
preferred because it helps company reduce the cost. This approach plays important role in the
company because it provides the effective services and products which affect the overall
probability in the Arcadia group. It creates positive impacts in the company and help them to
achieve business objective and long term target goals.
Key factors influencing the business
The working of organization is being influenced by external and internal factors which
has to be improved and developed. Internal elements of Arcadia Group are employees, CEO,
president, shareholders, etc. These elements have to be well-informed and considered when there
are better decisions which are being taken so that there is going to be higher sales and

profitability which is present. Competitive advantage has to be present in the company which is
going to make the working of the company more effective.
 Morals
To be able to maintain the discipline in the organization there has to be a strong base
which has to be there which the managers and leaders create in Arcadia Group. There have to be
right planning and decision-making which must be there which is going to help the company to
find sustainability in the market for a long run (Ren and Huang, 2018). The efficiency and
performance of the workforce is also going to be higher so that the expectations and standards
are matched by the company. Leaders and managers of Arcadia Group are making sure that all
the employees are putting in their personal the best so that there are going to be more sales and
productivity which is present to be able to have a long run and functioning in market. Politics,
legislature and economic factors are also very different all the time which is going to make the
leaders and managers be very flexible in the working so that there are right actions which can be
taken from time to time making the standards of the company be higher and gain competitive
advantage.
 Culture
Arcadia Group is focused on the cultural aspect of the internal environment so that there
is going to be higher productivity and operations that are going to take place. It is due to the
experience which the firm has gained in the market they are being able to function effectively.
There are many objectives and aims which an organization has in the market, and they must be
matched so that when the workforce is asked to work overtime then there are not going to be
more conflicts and the working is going to be smooth. Leaders and managers have to make sure
that the firm is being able to implement all of them which would make the brand value of the
organization be higher. Decision making is going to make the theories and methods of working
of leaders and managers be different which has to be analysed and improved with time so that
there are higher outcomes which can be expected.
 Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR)
Stakeholders, accountability to itself and society has to be present in an organization
which is going to make the company have higher reputation and standards in the market. Leaders
and managers have to make sure that there is CSR factors which are present in the company that
is going to make the expectations and loyalty of the clients which would be present in

organization. Clients shift from one product to another very quickly and that has to be
maintained. Leaders and managers make sure that there is good communication within the
organization which is going to make the performance level of the employees be higher and the
satisfaction would be better. Objectives and aims of the company have to be achieved and
without having the right brand value in the market the organization will not be able to make a
place effectively within the competition which is present (Reid and Sanders, 2019). Quality of
the products and services of Arcadia Group is maintained so that the loyalty and trust of the
clients is the same which is going to make the organization be able to have a higher sales and
both, customers and employees are going to be satisfied with the services and products of
Arcadia Group.
Business environment
Social factor or impact on the clients of Arcadia Group is going to be higher since the
organization would be following their culture and morales which is going to be a great factor.
Economic factor for the company is also going to be higher since the organization is getting in
the right working and economic friendly working which would make the company have higher
operations. Politically the company is making a good contribution for CSR making the brand
value be higher. Environment working is going to be better and make the operations of the
company be better so that the company will be able to have a higher operations and working
which is going to be present.
CONCLUSION
This report concludes the role of operation and management in Arcadia group company.
It helps to understand the different roles and responsibilities of leader and manager and how their
roles affect company’s growth. Their different roles and importance assists organization to
achieve objectives and goals on time. Above discussed theories also help company to increase
their work performance and productivity and helps Arcadia group to raise their profitability.
After analysis this report it is recommended to Arcadia group that they must use effective key
approaches such as Six Sigma and Total quality management because these helps company to
improve their performance.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Adams, D., 2018. Mastering theories of educational leadership and management. University of
Malaya Press.
Afshari, J., and et.al., 2017. A comparison of leadership styles with respect to biographical
characteristics. SA Journal of Human Resource Management. 15. p.7.
Andriani, S., Kesumawati, N. and Kristiawan, M., 2018. The influence of the transformational
leadership and work motivation on teachers performance. International Journal of
Scientific & Technology Research. 7(7). pp.19-29.
Dimitrova, V.E., 2019, March. The Impact of Couching on the Emotional Intelligence of
Managers in the Organization. In 2019 International Conference on Creative Business
for Smart and Sustainable Growth (CREBUS) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Miki, K. and Natsumeda, M., NEC Corp, 2020. Operation management apparatus, operation
management method, and storage medium. U.S. Patent 10,719,380.
Northouse, P.G., 2021. Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage Publications.
Prasad, L.M., 2020. Principles and practice of management. Sultan Chand & Sons.
Reiche, B.S., and et.al., 2017. Contextualizing leadership: A typology of global leadership
roles. Journal of International Business Studies. 48(5). pp.552-572.
Reid, R.D. and Sanders, N.R., 2019. Operations management: an integrated approach. John
Wiley & Sons.
Ren, H. and Huang, T., 2018. Modeling customer bounded rationality in operations
management: A review and research opportunities. Computers & Operations
Research. 91. pp.48-58.
Vidgen, R., Shaw, S. and Grant, D.B., 2017. Management challenges in creating value from
business analytics. European Journal of Operational Research. 261(2). pp.626-639.
Online
Clarke, L., What are the key differences between mangers and leader?, 2019, [Online]. Available
through: <https://inside.6q.io/whats-the-difference-between-manager-and-leader/>