Operations Management: Concepts and Applications

The assignment delves into the core principles of operations management, focusing on how businesses can enhance efficiency and profitability through optimal resource allocation, effective supply chain strategies, and informed decision-making processes. It emphasizes the importance of applying operational research techniques to solve real-world problems and achieve competitive advantage in the market.

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Roles of a leader and a manager and differences among their responsibilities.................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Application of actions of manager and leader in several scenario....................................3
P3 Totally different theories and concept to that of directors and leader...............................5
P4 Key approaches to operations management in firm..........................................................6
P5 Importance of operations management in achieving business goals.................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P6 Factors touching operational management and decision-making process by followed by the
executives and leaders of M&S..............................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management operations is that the necessary utilities for an business firm which contribute
in successfully accomplishment of targets and aims of the corporate. This particular functions of
business i.e. management of functions and operations includes managing,
forecasting, dominant all the action plan that square measure directly associated with the
assembly or producing unit of the corporate. The Marks and Spencer is that
the UK business addressing the ladies nightclothes, wine, food, different make-ups etc. This firm
is concerned in kind of the merchandise line and kind of tasks within
the establishment. Therefore efficiency of the actions and functions square measure essential so
as to making sure the goals of firm should be accomplished effectively and timely. In order to
attain this involves thinning out the assorted price sustained in direction of business processes
(Talk, 2016). This report studies about the distinction within the role and duty of leader
and executive. They are sharing some of the matches too which also are mentioned during
this assignment.
TASK 1
P1 Roles of a leader and a manager and differences among their responsibilities.
Manager: Executives is that the one that person who is positioned at key positions within
the business firm hierarchy. The bosses totally different job in step with defining the goals of
firm by shaping performance values for the staff members. This largely contribute in attaining
the objectives as per the defined time constraints in the organisation. Director is that the policy
and strategy maker of the corporate.
Leaders: Leaders square measure the individual person that is having capability and skills
to influence one type to others. The frontrunners square measure are the persuaders and
influencer for the worker so as to influence them in a right direction to perform higher in their
working point. The leader is that the one that come into the goals, targets and idea of the
business ahead with that of effective functioning of workers.
The directors and leaders square measure totally different from one
another in several characteristics like for their encouraging vogue, character and duty within
the administration (Ergum, and et.al., 2010). The variations between the manager and leader of
the M&S square measure are as follows:
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MANAGER LEADERS
Manger devise the target and objectives for
business firm.
Leaders follow up that are defined plans in
actions and implement to attain the
objectives such that formulated by mangers.
Directors build new policies and strategies for
the entity.
Leaders affects the worker behaviour and
actions to a large.
Managers offers a directing line of action to
indicate and guide work force.
Leaders offer a right direction to a team
members in order to act as per firm targets.
Managers grows a varied ways for the gain and
profits of company.
Leaders square measure targeted on work
force.
Manager duties square measure coming up
with opportunities to grow firm operations.
Leaders tasks square measure to
encourage workers.
The responsibilities of leaders and directors of M&S square measure are as follows:
Planning: The managers operative working is coming up with plans for the future
growth of business and its expansion growth plans and shaping goals of organisation.
Organizing: The manager duty lies within the company is optimise the use of available
resources and assets of the corporate as per the different requirements of organisational
operations and to that of staff members carrying out various tasks in M&S (Slack, Brandon-
Jones and J. E. Johnston, 2011).
Directing: The director provides a right action plan to direct the summary of all the task
that square measure to accomplished by the groups of business firm. Whereas the leaders is
having responsibilities for guiding staff and team groups for actual attainment of objectives by
developing ability within the teams.
Staffing: The role of boss is to rent right candidate with appropriate competence and
skills to act profitably in a specific job expeditiously. Whereas the leaders function is
to apportion the tasks and provide training to jobs to worker in step with their abilities and helps
in operative resolving problems relate with that of disciplines and grievances.
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TASK 2
P2 Applying role of manager and leader in several scenario.
The management and leaders together add on with varied scenario that operational to
manage the chance and risks related to them. This helps in changing the chance linked in a
very fruitful outcomes which adds on in the productivity of firm. the assorted functions of
manager within their action point to act with or deal with totally different issues square
measure as discussed below.
• Interpersonal role: The management deals varied scenario with the various actions and role of
direction and develops an strong relationship with that of organisation the staff. The boss act as
face or working head in firm to manage all tasks and worker in order to power them in
appropriate direction.
• Decision role: the choice operations of director allows someone to create necessary policies
and strategies ways and call associated with operational management within the organisation
culture and working. The boss act as reserve surveyor, handgrip supply with their entrepreneurial
methods and actions in order to that increase the values of gain and productivity of the
corporate M&S.
The marks and Spencer is fronting with large drawback in operational attributable like
to higher taxation rate, increased fuel costs, material and instrumentation costs. this is
often associate scenario that got to resolute by effecient application of the efficient ways within
the organisation by managers and expeditiously which followed up by leaders of the
corporate (O'Fallon and Rutherford, 2011). The manager is having functions square measure and
accompanying with his responsibility to create firm operating within limits of desired sets of
values and standards. Attributable to higher rate instrumentation and
material needed operational there could also be enhanced overall price of operations and
functions. That got to cut back by the tactic planning and creating call by managers so as to cuts
down the price involved in production line. The many theories and approaches that
may be accustomed handle this example defined by mangers and leaders square measure are
below.
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Management by objectives theory describes about that director and influencer and also
the work force of the corporate M&S which working together to achieve objectives business in
effectient manner and expeditiously at intervals of defined quality and time constraints.
The manager appraise the worker performance by creating varied policies in respect
to performance appraisal. Leaders encourgaes and apportion add in team effectiveness to
extend profitability and thinning out price through production approach.
Classical theory states the policy which associated with the expansion in production line. This
adds on in defining standards and objectives associated with the requirement of carrying
out by the staff. The management and work force is ceaselessly promised in increasing the output
and its quality so as to reduction varied prices and growing trades figure and income of the
corporate (David, 2011).
Behavioural theory approach is submission of varied policies and methods so as to
enhance new skills sets, competence level and abilities within the work force of marks
and Spencer to scale back the assorted price attributable to effectiveness
in operating of worker within the organisation. The leaders following
up motivational vogue leadership to encourage and transformation in the worker in step
with the amendment and enhance work force flexibility and adaptableness to giant extent.
The methods of manager that emphasis on the developing sensible client relationship
and facilitate in directive the worker in applicable line of action to extend income for the marks
and Spencer Company. This largely contributes in efficient reserve distribution and alloting
among workers and keeps sensible communication system within the organisation. however this
endures amendment in surroundings results in quicker dynamical policies and methods by the
directors and bosses of M&S that will be one of the major faintness for the organisation working
system. this can results in creating call while not contribution of worker and ends up
in autocratic kind of leadership vogue that affects destructively within the presentation
of worker. The administration will follows up an sensible relations with worker through applying
transformational methods in business that may come up with an effective strength and
competitiveness of organisation.
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P3 Various theories of management and leadership.
The different theories of administration contribute in increasing the effectiveness of
management within the firm. This largely adds on in enhancement and gaining of
varied competencies and abilities within the workers in order that of the performance values are
often attained effectively. this can contribute in developing varied reasonably expansion and
development chance to worker of company too in contingent situations. the assorted kind
of philosophies which describes administration designs square measure as follows:
Situational leadership: This method acts with increasing the worker abilities in step
with dynamical scenario within the company surroundings. this may be attained through devising
policies and strategically growth achieved by the managers. So as to deal
with specific scenario and which is following up obtain the director to creating flexibility within
the operating surroundings of the marks and Spencer (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013).
The leadership vogue encourages the work force in finishing their work with higher level of
effectiveness. The leaders follows up totally different leadership vogue in step with
situational amendment and also the skills demand within the worker nature and actions. This
theory defines the assorted ways growth by administration to resolute the problems within
the operational management associated with higher price of manufacturing.
Systems leadership : This particular leadership style can be followed upon practice by
leaders of the Marks and spencer in order to work in systemised manner. The leader work
systematically and allot the work and direct their followers in the needs of work and task.
Contingency leadership: This method is beneficial in enhancing to the
management ways so as to resolute the contingent drawback and backup needs to the corporate.
This comes up with new ways associated policy an instrument needed changes within
the organisation structure for effective working of the firm. The manager device
variations within the functional structure associate with M&S culture so as to manage tasks and
job of person within the performance values of firm.
The various leadership vogue like autocratic, transformational, democratic
leadership designs affects the worker performances to giant degree. The transformational
leadership vogue contribute in success for any of the contingent theory so as to adopt new
vicissitudes in worker performance and also the administration too (Karlsson, 2016). whereas the
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autocratic leadership vogue is efficient process and also quicker approach. The democratic
leadership vogue enhances ability, innovation and better assurance in work force with
participation of worker in methods of the corporate necessary operations. This kind of
leadership vogue in conjunction with administration philosophies square measure used to
reinforce the effective of the operational management within the Marks and Spencer company
and facilitates in reducing the price involved in several department. This additionally
increases the worker to figure expeditiously to achieve presentation values expeditiously by
optimal usage of capitals on the market to them in working point.
TASK 3
P4 Key approaches to operational management.
The key methods to the operational administration with higher effectiveness in the
organisation square measure simply like just in time method, total quality
management technique and also the six sigma approach. These methods accomplish the
operational goals of the firm with effectiveness and adds on in thinning out the
assorted additional price involved within the organisational effectiveness in its functioning.
Six sigma approaches is tracked by firm so as to attain higher performances in
administration scheme of the worker leads to the reduction of varied price expended within
the waste. this relies on minimising wastages (Zurich, 2017). this is often the optimal usage of
assets of the Marks and Spencer. The managers perform within the six sigma approach to
create world ways within the Marks and Spencer so as to attain effectively use of resource by
executing zero wastage methods in action. The leader’s duty during this method is to
reinforce the teamwork and harmonization for attaining higher performances outcomes. This is
an approach which is based on attaining maximum optimisation in process and reducing waste n
the functions to control over expenditures and increasing profit margin. This approach is based
upon getting efficiency up to 99.9% in operations.
Total quality management technique is targeted upon the management of the
overall quality of the operations of the M&S firm. This involves the
continual watching regulation the performance of worker, catalogue management and
effectiveness in resources distribution within the functions of firm. This increases the potency of
the profitability and operational functions of company. This performances of the manager
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engaged in request of total quality management is to regulate or instrument incessant
variations within the operational functions so as to boost functioning of
company ceaselessly. whereas the leaders square measure targeted on the enhancing
abilities within the worker so as to simply accept and adopt new deviations quicker in their
actions and nature to synchronize with the advance demand in operational management.
Just in time approach concentrations in the dominant feasibility of assets and resources
management from the dealers solely at the time of want or simply just beforehand the time
of wants. This results in economically administration of inventories and removes the extra
expenditure in catalogue maintainance. This develops an endless check system within the firm
(Hamilton, Holub and Blunt, 2011). The manager duty is in defining various ways within
the Marks and Spencer company so as to assimilate the assembly and operational subdivision
with the provider resulting in economical administration of catalogue at only the interval
of want. whereas the function of leader in just in time approach is to stay up with consistent
checks on the performances so as to investigate the call and provide of catalogue to apportion the
of resource to group expeditiously on required interval.
P5 Importance of operational management strategies in achieving business targets.
The suggestions or recommendations to attain the company objectives with effectiveness
by devising various tactics in relation with the operational management maintained by leaders
and managers. This contributes in controlling over wastage and applying ways and policy for
the property expansion of firm and attain the corporate targets with higer effectiveness. The
company will go for the democratic leadership vogue rather than autocratic leadership vogue.
This increases the level innovations and creativity as well to the ability of worker. It additionally
adds on in decreasing the communication hole and results in the enhancing involvement
of worker within the methods firm (Barratt, Choi and Li, 2011). The leaders ought
to expeditiously provide training and encourage the person in step with the talents and
abilities needed to attain the performances values and morals of Marks and Spencer with
efficiency.
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TASK 4
P6 Attributes affecting operational management and decision-making in M&S.
The businesses square measure is following up with the
conception of property enhancement organisation in many folds. The profit growth can be
achieved through allocating the resources of the corporate in right course of action to deal with
the various kind of the requirements of client and making certain the moral business strategies as
per the the society norms and attitude. The ethical expansion of the commercial firm is equipped
within that of its Corporate responsibility in business environment. This includes evaluation of
various ways, quality of product, performs dispensed by business and also the ethical operation
of firm operation which adds on to the happiness of the society (Subramanian and Ramanathan,
2012). These developed norms and policy associated with the company social responsibility is
extremely affected by the management of operations in actions and also the duty of leaders in
Marks and Spencer. The corporate is busy in acting the business in ethical and sustainable
manner in order to the continual revenue generation and also adding in to the shaping social
responsibility of firm.
The assorted policy relates with of surroundings protection, worker satisfaction and with
that of establishing competitive advantage for the most part influences the executing plans
of company social responsibility in apply. the assorted ways helps in
creating associate moral and thriving business activities within the marketplace and adding
in within the CSR activities of M&S. The manager should be responsive in
developing effectively communication to inform staff members about these commenced
policies within the working culture of firm. Whereas the leaders apportion the different tasks so
as to attain property expansion of the corporate in ethical manner within the markets (Peng and
Lai, 2012).
The issues touching the commercial surroundings within the profit development and also
the efficient application of the various ways and polices introduction by the managers square
measure like worker relations, effective communications and interacting
system, economical distribution of resources and tasks among people , performance levels of
the work force to that of required. These attributes influences the choice creating method of
the manager and directors of M&S to the massive extent.
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CONCLUSION
From this report discussion it is often over that the effecient organisation adminsatratin and
management of the operational functions the businesses necessary for growth and success of
firm. This adds on in growth of the worker similarly with that of enhancement in management
skills and competence for executing varied ways so as to keep up the operations efficient and
profitable. From this report it are often ended with that there is square measure several factors
that influence the leadership vogue and also the managing vogue. These features ought to be
controlled through the practising of operation management effectively. this may be over from the
obliged and managed through the effective action plan for that the mark and Spencer
profitability. This firm is managing their working functions in efficient manner and economically
by optimum usage of resources an assets in the market to the corporate.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
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Barratt, M., Choi, T.Y. and Li, M., 2011. Qualitative case studies in operations management:
Trends, research outcomes, and future research implications. Journal of Operations
Management. 29(4). pp.329-342.
David, F.R., 2011. Strategic management: Concepts and cases. Peaeson/Prentice Hall.
Ergun, O., and et.al., 2010. Operations research to improve disaster supply chain
management. Wiley encyclopedia of operations research and management science.
Hamilton, J.M., Holub, C. and Blunt, J., 2011, January. Simulation of ice management fleet
operations using two decades of Beaufort Sea ice drift and thickness time histories. In The
Twenty-first International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. International Society
of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
Karlsson, C. ed., 2016. Research Methods for Operations Management. Routledge.
Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013. Operations management: Processes
and supply chains (Vol. 1). New York: Pearson.
O'Fallon, M.J. and Rutherford, D.G., 2011. Hotel management and operations. John Wiley &
Sons.
Peng, D.X. and Lai, F., 2012. Using partial least squares in operations management research: A
practical guideline and summary of past research. Journal of Operations Management. 30(6).
pp.467-480.
Slack, N., 2015. Operations strategy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A. and Johnston, R., 2011. Essentials of operations management.
Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Subramanian, N. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy
Process in operations management. International Journal of Production Economics. 138(2).
pp.215-241.
Talk, O.M., 2016. Operations management.
Ward, J., and et.al., 2010. HP transforms product portfolio management with operations
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Zurich, L.B., 2017. Service Operations and Management.
Online
Difference Between Leadership and Management. 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<http://keydifferences.com/difference-between-leadership-and-management.html>.
(Accessed on 27th may 2017).
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