Leadership and Management Concepts

This document discusses the roles of managers and leaders in different organizational situations, the differences between management and leadership, and the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to leadership and management. It also provides recommendations for future improvements in leadership and management.

ID
Unit Number and Title Unit 2 – Marketing Essentials
Title Leadership and Management Concepts (Part 1)
Leaders and Operations Management (Part 2)
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Table of Content
Assessment Part 1
1. An introduction to the college/ chosen organisation
management structure p
2. Definition and roles of both managers and leaders,
highlighting the differences between management and
leadership p
3. An analysis of the different roles of management and
leadership in application to different organisational
situations, supported by theories and concepts
p
4. An evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of different
approaches to leadership and management to draw
conclusions that support theories of leadership
p
5. Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an
impact on the organisation and recommendations for
future improvements p
References p
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1.0 An introduction to the college/ chosen organisation
management structure
For this report Tesco Company is taking into consideration. It is a British
multination retailer company. Which is a public limited company founded by Jack
Cohen in 1919. It’s headquarter is in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England,
UK. It deals in supermarket, hypermarkets, superstore and convenience shop and so
on. It has almost 7005 shops located at different countries and almost 423,092
numbers of employees are successfully working with it. Selected company expand
their business globally in 1990 with operations in 11 other countries in the world. It
diversified its business area in retailing of books, clothing, electronics, furniture, toys,
petrol, software, financial service, telecoms and internet service are also provided by
Tesco. Selected organisation management structure is based on hierarchical
structure. In which all important decision are taken by higher authorities and various
positions and obligations are divided into many parts for effectively doing work and
achieving organisation goal.
2.0 Definition and roles of both managers and leaders,
highlighting the differences between management and
leadership
Managers- It refers to a person who manage all work of an organisation. It will
show direction to its subordinates and helps in achieving the goal of organisation
(Alhefiti, Ameen and Bhaumik, 2019). It is responsible for supervising and motivating
employees for enhancing the overall performance of organisation. It was an
responsible part of an organisation. Main objective of a manager is to set the role in
the organisation. Manager of an organisation is emphasis on the things and activity
and it allocate work to every employee.
Leaders- It refers to a person who guide and motivate a group of people towards
the achievement of common goal. Main objective of a leader is to guide other
employees of organisation. It’s the responsibility of leader to effectively communicate
the policies set by higher authority of organisation. It emphasis on the entire
employees. It helps an organisation by motivating employees and increasing their
efficiency towards a particular task.
Roles of manager and Leaders
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Role Manager Leader
Strategy Main role of a manger is to
effectively analysis the
situation of organisation and
formulate a effective strategy
which helps in achievement of
organisation goal.
Main role of a leader is to
effectively implement the
policies or strategy
formulated by manger of
organisation with the help
of staff, employees and
subordinates.
Communication Manager of a company needs
to effectively communicate
with their subordinates and
clearly define the objective of
organisation (Bush, 2018).
Main role of a leader in
organisation is use
effective communication
with their employees which
motivates them and make
them successfully achieve
organisation goal.
Differentiate between leadership and management.
Basis Leadership Management
Meaning It refers to a skill which is used
by a leader for lead other
people for to motive of
achieving effective outcome.
It refers to an art of
organising and controlling
various activities of an
organisation in an effective
and efficient manner so
that goal of organisation is
successfully achieve.
Emphasis on It is emphasis on inspiring and
guiding people of organisation.
It is emphasis on managing
different activity of an
organisation.
Formulation on Leadership is formulated on
the bases of various
guidelines and principles.
Management is formulated
on the basis of procedures
and policies of
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organisation.
Orientation style People- oriented
It include participative,
consultative and
transformational leadership.
And main objective is to
involve every employee in
decision making process
because total team work is
very important for every
activity.
Task-oriented
It could be dictatorial,
authoritative, transactional,
autocratic, consultative or
democratic and its main
role is to effectively plan,
control and direct (Bush,
Bell and Middlewood,
2019).
3.0 An analysis of the different roles of management and
leadership in application to different organisational situations,
supported by theories and concepts
Role of a leader is totally different from the role of manager. Leaders of an
organisation assist in taking effective decision and motivating employees. These
decisions are taken by manager of an organisation by effectively analysing the
market condition and trends. For this an organisation will go through various situation
such as low, stable and fast. In context of selected firm role of its leaders and
mangers are different in each situation, which are discuss below:
 Slow- This situation is related to when the growth and development of
organisation are slow. This situation will cause delay in completion of project
which result in reduction in profit of organisation. Any change in the internal
organisation structure is due to force of external organisation structure. In
context of selected company, this situation will not more affect the
organisation because it is the reason of slow market growth (Hallinger, 2019).
 Stable- It refers to the situation where the development of organisation is
moderate and stable. In this the market is stable and does not change and
any change in market will not affect Tesco because in this situation no high
changes are done and managers and leaders will take quick decision related
to it.
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 Fast- It refers to a stage which has a great impact. In context of selected
company rapid change in organisation will bring new innovation and market
trends for company. This rapid change effect the wrong decision and change
predicting the business environment easily (Hallinger, 2020).
There are various changes which are occur because of inner and outer business
environment. Inner change is related to change in organisation structure, process,
machinery, policies, planning, hiring, communication and so on. Leaders and
manager of selected company effectively control these factors which helps in earning
higher profit and position in market. While there are some change which are arises
because of external business environment such as political change, social change,
technological change, legal change and so on. In context of selected firm, leaders
and manager have a role of analysing these factors and take decisions so that
company will take benefit of available opportunities.
In context of Tesco, various leadership theory are help organisation in effectively
managing these changing situation such as behavioural theory, transformational
theory, supportive leadership theory. From above discussion it is evaluated that
supportive leadership theory is being used by Tesco for making the work in an
effective way.
4.0 An evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of different
approaches to leadership and management to draw
conclusions that support theories of leadership
Leaders of an organisation play an important role in motivating the employees
of an organisation by effectively analysing their needs and desires. In context of
Tesco, leadership and management approach helps company in effectively
managing their employees at workplace. In context of selected company various
approach of leadership and management are discuss below:
Situational leadership approach- It refers to a leadership approach in which the
leader of an organisation will assigned the work to their employees according to the
skill and talent they have (Matthews and et. al. 2018). Leaders effectively analysis
the market condition and take decisions according to it. This approach helps leaders
and mangers to find out the best solution related to various challenges arise in
market.
Strength Weakness
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 It is a creative approach
 It effectively analysis the
challenging situation
 It helps an organisation in proper
allocation of resources.
 It include effective
communication between
employees and leaders.
 It assist leaders and mangers in
effectively analysing skills and
talent of employees.
 Main weakness of this leadership
approach faced by company is
lack of available funds.
 Lack of available resources for
proper evaluation of market.
 Unqualified staff members
System leadership- It refers to a leadership quality whose main focus is on result
rather than on the process. For this approach company plan a desired result and
then compare it with the actual result. In context of selected company there are
different department in company and for each department a clear goal is set for
better result (Place and Vardeman, 2018).
Strength Weakness
 Provide better results
 Proper control reduce wastage of
resources.
 Any defect in process will
damage the whole result.
Contingent leadership approach- It refers to a leadership style which focus on the
different situations arises in the organisation. In this leadership style leaders of
selected company will pick a random challenge and try to find out best solution for it.
This will increase their knowledge and efficiency. This strategy is used by selected
company leaders and managers for finding out various paths for achieving
organisational goal.
Strength Weakness
 It is an innovative approach
 It will helps leaders in enhancing
 Delay in aching result
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their skills and knowledge.
 It provide a variety of solution
related to challenges faced by
company.
 Effective market research
 Unskilled employees
 In include a high cost of research
 Less trained employees
From above analysis it is evaluated that selected company can adopt
situational leadership theory which provide better solutions for different challenges
situation and make leaders and mangers to effectively take benefit of available
changing situation (Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2019).
5.0 Conclusions on how managers and leaders have made an
impact on the organisation and recommendations for future
improvements
From above discussion on this report it is concluded that leaders and mangers
play an essential role in successfully manging workforce and different operations of
business. Manager and leaders helps in motivating and provide direction to
employees towards a particular task which helps in effective achievement of goal.
This report includes various leadership and management approaches which helps in
the better utilisation of resources. After analysing these approach it is recommended
to selected company that they needs to adopt situational leadership approach in their
organisation which helps management in better understanding different situation and
successfully manging business operations. Another recommendation for company is
they can adopt participative leadership style in their business and includes all
employees in decision making process which helps in increasing efficiency of
employees and success of organisation.
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References
Books and journals
Alhefiti, S., Ameen, A. and Bhaumik, A., 2019. The impact of the leadership and
strategy management on organizational excellence: moderating role of
organizational culture. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control
Systems, (06-Special Issue). pp.748-759.
Bush, T., 2018. Research on educational leadership and management: Broadening
the base.
Bush, T., Bell, L. and Middlewood, D. eds., 2019. Principles of educational
leadership & management. Sage.
Hallinger, P., 2019. A systematic review of research on educational leadership and
management in South Africa: mapping knowledge production in a developing
society. International Journal of Leadership in Education. 22(3). pp.315-333.
Hallinger, P., 2020. Science mapping the knowledge base on educational leadership
and management from the emerging regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America,
1965–2018. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. 48(2). pp.209-
230.
Matthews, J.H., and et. al. 2018. Teaching leadership: the medical student society
model. The clinical teacher. 15(2). pp.145-150.
Place, K.R. and Vardeman-Winter, J., 2018. Where are the women? An examination
of research on women and leadership in public relations. Public Relations
Review. 44(1). pp.165-173.
Podsakoff, P.M. and Podsakoff, N.P., 2019. Experimental designs in management
and leadership research: Strengths, limitations, and recommendations for improving
publishability. The Leadership Quarterly. 30(1). pp.11-33.
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Table of Content
Assessment Part 2
1. An introduction to the key operations of the organisation
p
2. Details of each of the key operational functions, identifying the roles
and responsibilities of managers in the key operational functions
p
3. Explanation of the key operational approaches to operations
management and their value p
4. An evaluation of the impact of external business environment factors
that affect decision-making by leaders and managers
p
5. How operational efficiencies can be improved to successfully meet
business objectives using appropriate management and leadership
approaches p
6. Conclusions and supported recommendations for future
improvements to be taken by the organisation p
References p
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1. An introduction to the key operations of the organisation
Operational management helps an organisation in effectively utilization of
resources and produce a good quality output or product and services.
Operational management reduce wastage of resources of company and help
company in achieving competitive advantage and achieve cost leadership
benefit. Operations in organisation is related to the day to day activity which
create a unique value and helps organisation in achievement of organisation
goal. Operations of an organisation play an distinctive role which contribute
towards the overall success of an organisation. There are various important key
operations of the organisation such as optimizing quality control, managing
delivery to customers in a timely manner, effectively managing inventory through
the supply chain, other than these operations the most important operation of
organisation is to design and develop products and services which provide higher
customer satisfaction.
2. Details of each of the key operational functions, identifying the
roles and responsibilities of managers in the key operational
functions
Operations of an organisation is related to effectively converting the material and
labour into goods and services as efficient as possible. Operational management
helps an organisation in reduction of wastage and better utilization of resources
which helps in increasing the efficiency and productivity of company. In context of
selected firm, its effective business operations helps company in achieving higher
customer satisfaction. Various operational functions in context of selected company
are discuss below:
Financial function- This is an important operational function of an organisation. As
finance is the most important resource which is required by an organisation for
successfully achieving organisation goal. This function require a proper planning of
budget and require effective control so that company will reduce their wastage of
money (Assis and et. al. 2019).
Production function- Another important function of operations of an organisation is
production function. Which require a proper planning, organising, directing and
controlling of available resources so that company will reduce wastage of resources
and provide a good quality products to customers.
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Marketing function- This operational function helps in effectively managing the
needs and demand of customers and by effectively managing marketing function
company is able to create awareness and effectively sell their products in market.
This function helps company in achieving higher revenue by making effective
marketing strategy (Eltoukhy and et. al. 2018).
Roles of managers in key operational functions-
 In context of selected firm, the most important role of their manager in
operational functions is recruit the best skilled and talented candidates for the
vacant job in organisation. Role of manager is to provide best employees to
company so that all operation function are run smoothly.
 Another role of manger is divide and manage the resources according to their
skill and potential.
 Most important role of manager is to effectively check all activities and timely
compared it with the desire goal so that they will achieve goal on time.
3. Explanation of the key operational approaches to operations
management and their value
Operational approach are used by an organisation for better understanding the
operational management. There are various approaches of operations in
organisation which helps in effectively analysing the situation and take corrective
action accordingly. In context of selected firm various operational approaches are
discuss below:
 Just in Time approach- It refers to an operational approach which helps an
organisation in focusing on the process of production. By adopting this
approach selected company is able to complete its production process on
time according to their set target. By reducing wastage of resources and full
utilization of resources helps an organisation in effectively completing the task
on time (Glende and et. al. 2018).
 TQM approach- TQM is stand for total quality time it refers to a process
which helps organisation in effective planning for a long period of time for
achieving higher level of success. In context of selected company longer
period of success helps company in earning higher revenue. This approach
helps selected company in maintain a good quality with reasonable price of
their products and services (Gupta and Sharma, 2018).
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 Lean production approach- This operational approach define the best
method to get the desire output. There are various factors which affect the
output of company. One of them is reduction of wastage by utilizing resources
according to its potential and capacity which helps in getting desired output. In
context of selected firm their mangers and leaders make aware their
employees related to the efficient utilization of resources and reduce wastage,
which will improve their productivity and skills.
Values related to operational approach-
In context of selected firm, it’s very important to understand the values of operational
management so that they will achieve their desired result. Various values and
importance of operational management approach are discuss below:
 Increase revenue- It will helps an organisation in achieving higher ratio of
profit which helps selected company in its further growth. Increase in profit
helps company to expand their business in different areas and serve a new
target market (Kasaei, 2018).
 Trends in the market- In context of selected firm it daily face new trends in
market. For success of company it’s important to analysis these trends and
effectively do work on it. Operational management approach helps
organisation in to effectively adopt these trends and provide good quality
products and services according to these trends and achieve higher
customer’s satisfaction.
 Long term retention of employees- In context of selected company
operational management approach helps in retain their employees because of
smooth functioning of business operations, which will reduce the chances of
conflicts and disputes at workplace.
 Increasing sales- Operational management helps an organisation by
increasing sales of its product and services with the help of conducting
effective research related to new technology and competitive advantage
(Rezaeian and et. al. 2019).
4. An evaluation of the impact of external business environment
factors that affect decision-making by leaders and managers
In context of selected firm there are numbers of factors which affect the decision
making of leaders and managers. These factors affect selected company in
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achieving their organisational goal. Various external factors which influence decision
making of selected company most are discuss below:
Market trends- With the increase in globalisation each day there is a new
market trend is developed in the market. These market trends will change the taste
and preferences of customer’s and it became difficult for company to satisfy their
need which will affect the decision making of leaders and mangers. In context of
selected company, they effectively analysed these trends in market and understand
the requirements of customers which provide various success options to company.
Stakeholders- It includes various parties which have an interest in business.
It includes employees, customers, suppliers, investors and so on. Any change in the
stakeholders will direct impact on the decision making of leaders and mangers. So
it’s important for company to make their decision after considering viewpoints of their
stakeholders (Richard, 2020).
Legal and political changes- It is the most important external factor which
affect the decisions of organisation leader and manager. It includes various rules and
regulation or policies govern by government and imposed in organisation. Any
change in these policies will affect the planning of Tesco. In context of selected firm,
its leader has a role to predict the future change and manger has a role of managing
all resources.
Technological changes- Another important external factor which affect the
decision of managers and leaders is related to change in technology. In context of
selected firm, it’s very important for manager and leader to predict the changes
before making the decision and make their decision for the future.
From above discussion on the external environmental factors it is evaluated
that legal and political factor will influence the decision making process most
because of any change in policies will affect the decision of leaders and managers.
For this company needs to conduct timely research and keep a regular check on
government policies. Selected company mangers needs to prepare decision which
are highly flexible in nature. Which will easily change according to situation.
5. How operational efficiencies can be improved to successfully
meet business objectives using appropriate management and
leadership approaches
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Operational efficiency means reduction in wastage of resources and efficient
utilization of resources which helps an organisation in producing good quality
products and achieve higher customer satisfaction. Efficient utilization of resource
will increase the level of productivity and efficiency of organisation which helps in
successfully achieving goal of organisation. In context of selected firm by using
appropriate management and leadership approach the company will increase its
operational efficiency which helps in achieving business objective. In context of
selected firm various approach of leadership and management are discuss below:
 Behavioural leadership approach- This approach represent the behaviour
of employees working in an organisation. For better understanding the work
it’s important for selected company to analysis the attitude and behaviour of
employees. Better understanding of employees reduce conflicts at workplace
and increase operational efficiency (Saeed and et. al. 2019).
 Transformational leadership approach- According to this leadership
approach defines that company will needs to freely communicate with their
employees so that a better relationship and a trust is developed between
them. Interacting with employees create a feeling of attachment and
employee feels that they are also an important part of organisation which will
increase their level of motivation. Efficiency and productivity is also increase
because of motivation which cause increase in operational efficiency and
helps organisation in successfully achieving organisational goal.
6. Conclusions and supported recommendations for future
improvements to be taken by the organisation
From above discussion on this report it is concluded that operational
management play an essential role in the success of organisation. It reduce
wastage of resources and fully utilized the available resources. In this report it is
analysis that decision of leaders and mangers are influence by various external
factors such as political and legal, technological, market trends and so on, for this
it is recommended that company needs to timely analysis their external factors
and prepare decision which are highly flexible in nature. Other than this it is
analysis that management and leadership approach helps in increasing
operational efficiency which assist an organisation in successfully achieving goal
of business.
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References
Books and journals
Assis, L.S., and et. al. 2019. An MINLP formulation for integrating the operational
management of crude oil supply. Computers & Chemical Engineering. 123. pp.110-
125.
Eltoukhy, A.E., and et. al. 2018. Joint optimization using a leader–follower
Stackelberg game for coordinated configuration of stochastic operational aircraft
maintenance routing and maintenance staffing. Computers & Industrial
Engineering. 125. pp.46-68.
Glende, E., and et. al. 2018, June. Optimal operational management methods of
voltage control with a high feed of renewable energy sources. In 2018 IEEE
International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Gupta, N. and Sharma, V., 2018. Relationship between leader member exchange
(LMX), high-involvement HRP and employee resilience on extra-role
performance. Journal of Indian Business Research.
Kasaei, M.J., 2018. Energy and operational management of virtual power plant using
imperialist competitive algorithm. International Transactions on Electrical Energy
Systems. 28(11). p.e2617.
Rezaeian, A., and et. al. 2019. The Operational Framework for Personal Finance
Management Based on the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei’s
Statement. Islamic Finance Research Bi-quarterly Journal. 9(1). pp.69-110.
Richard, E.M., 2020. Developing Employee Resilience: The Role of Leader-
Facilitated Emotion Management. Advances in Developing Human
Resources. 22(4). pp.387-403.
Saeed, B.B., and et. al. 2019. Leader-member exchange and innovative work
behavior. European Journal of Innovation Management.
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