P3 Apply different theories and model of leadership

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MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
P1 The different role and characteristics of a leader and manager.............................................1
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
P2 Application of role of leader and function of manager to different situation........................3
P3 Apply different theories and model of leadership..................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P4 The key approaches to operations management and the role that leader and managers play.
.....................................................................................................................................................5
P5 The importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives......7
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P6 The factors within business environment which impact operational management and
decision making by leader and manager.....................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
Management is concerned with taking vital decisions for operating the activities of the
organisation in the systematic manner. While on the other hand operations is related with the
combination of various activities and functions which are performed by the workforce of the
organisation. With the help of management and operation re- designing of the product can be
done as per the need and demand of customer's. The major motive is to fulfil the requirement of
buyers, so that high profit and revenue can be attained(Avey, Avolio and Luthans, 2011). The
company chosen for this report is Rowlinson Knitwear which school and corporate wear and its
headquarter is located in UK. This project will mainly cover various roles and characteristics of
leader as well as manager, role of leader and manager for various organisational situation and the
theories of leadership. It will also cover the importance and need of operation management.
TASK 1
P1 The different role and characteristics of a leader and manager.
Introduction of the company-
Rowlinson Kintwear was established in 1935 with the motive of providing maximum
satisfaction to its customer's. By providing them good and appropriate quality school and
corporate wear. Its functions and operations are managed and guided by Daniel Chan and Donald
Moors. The turnover of organisation is approximately 12,147,616 pound. Its functions are
operated in the systematic manner, so that goals are achieved in the proper manner.
Leader- These are the individuals who makes plans to get the work done in the
appropriate manner. This is usually done by motivating the subordinates , so that they can help in
completing the task. It is the duty of Leader of Rowlinson Kintwear to provide appropriate
working environment to its subordinates, so that good quality products are produced.
Manager- These are experienced individuals in the organisation who have responsibility
to direct its employees for completing the goal. It is the duty of manager in Rowlinson Knitwear
to make plans for extracting work from its employees(Belbin, 2012).
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Illustration 1: Five Functions of Management
Source- Five Functions of Management. 2018
Role of leader
Representative of the company- They are known as representative of company because
it is their duty to represent the organisation in various meeting and seminar. It is their duty to
make plans or polices keeping in mind the objectives of company and communicate them to the
employees. While on the other hand managers are not representatives because they generally do
not take part in such meetings
Execute strategy- The task of the leader is to execute the strategies formed in the proper
manner. As with the help of these strategies business operations are carried out. While manager
of organisation generally does not perform such roles. Instead they focus on forming strategies.
Characteristic of leader
Communication- It is quite essential that leaders must have appropriate communication
skills, so that vital information is transferred to employees in the systematic manner. With the
help of this characteristic leaders aims at maintaining better relationship with its employees.
Creativity- Leaders always focus on using most desirable and creative way to execute
business operations in the proper manner. With the help of this characteristic the leader of
Rowlinson Knitwear will be able to use creative ways to complete the task in coordinated
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manner. Alternatively managers are not creative they focus on using traditional method to
complete task.
Role of manager
Entrepreneur- Managers are also known as entrepreneur of the organisation because
they have special skill and knowledge to take better decisions. Manager of Rowlinson Knitwear
are liable to the stakeholders in case of any mis- functioning or mismanagement. While on the
other hand leaders are not entrepreneurs as they are not liable to take such decisions.
Informational role- It is the major role of manager to facilitate the employees regarding
the task of organisation. With the help of this manager of Rowlinson Knitwear aim at increasing
loyalty among employees. Whereas leaders does not perform such roles in the organisation but
various other functions are performed by them(Bishop Hermanson and Riley Jr, 2017).
Characteristic of manager
Knowledge- Managers generally have adequate set of skills and knowledge to take vital
decisions for the internal management of the organisation. With the help of this characteristic
they aim at competing the complex task in the proper manner. While leaders of Rowlinson
Knitwear are not knowledgeable as compared to managers.
Experience- The managers also have experience for taking necessary decisions for the
organisation. With their experience tasks are generally completed within limited period of time.
While on the other than leaders generally do not have proper experience regarding the
management of functions and activities. These generally do not have power and authority to take
vital decisions in the organisation because they are not experienced as compared to managers.
TASK 2
P2 Application of role of leader and function of manager to different situation.
With the help of manager and leader Rowlinson Knitwear can easily achieve its goals within
limited period of time. This is because they are responsible for working in various difficult
situations in the organisation. Some of the major situations are discussed below-
Working on new project- The management of the organisation has decided to work for
a new project. For the completion of this project skilled and talented employees will be required.
In the particular situation the manager of Rowlinson Knitwear will be responsible for recruiting
and hiring skilled candidates. While on the other hand it will be the duty of leader to guide and
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motivate the existing employees to complete the task in efficient manner. This will be done by
providing them training in a particular field(Chauhan and Singh, 2012).
Implementation of plans- The target and goal of organisation can be easily attained if the
managers have proper skills and knowledge. With the help of appropriate skills manager will
know how to implement and formulated certain plans and policies in the best possible manner.
Employees of the company will also be able to get proper guidance in working as per the
implemented plan and policies. While on the other hand leader will ensure that proper support
and guidance is given to employees, so that their skills are used at the right place. Leader of
Rowlinson Knitwear can make use of Democratic and laissez-faire theory for encouraging its
employees to complete the assigned task in proper manner. With the help of this employees will
also be able to give new ideas and techniques for achieving long term goals.
P3 Apply different theories and model of leadership.
There are various types of leadership theories and styles which can be used by the manager and
leader of Rowlinson Knitwear to guide and motive its employees in the appropriate manner.
These styles will also be helpful in solving complex problems of the organisation. Some of the
major styles of leadership are discussed below-
Contingency theory- As per this theory effectiveness of any leader largely depend upon the
right plans and strategies formed according to the situation(Chuang, Jason and Morgan, 2011).
This theory is further divided into two broad categories which are – task oriented and people
oriented. The task oriented theory focus on attainment of goals and objectives of the
organisation. While people oriented theory focus on building and maintaining better relationships
in the organisation. In Rowlinson Knitwear this theory is used after evaluating the type of
situation(Robertson and Cooper, 2010). If the situation or problem is related with conflict of
employees than people oriented theory can be used. While if the problem is related with
completion of task and attainment of objectives than task oriented theory can be used. Different
plans and strategies will be made by the manager and leader of the organisation for overcoming
the problem. By using right theory at the right time manager of Rowlinson Knitwear will be able
to handle complexities in the organisation. As well as appropriate relationships will also be
maintained among the employees.
Situational leadership- According to this theory the leader or manager of the
organisation can change its action plan depending upon the current situation. This theory states
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that there is no appropriate and single method to deal with the situation. This means same and
particular leadership style cannot be used in all situation. But the leader will require different
leadership style for managing different situation. Employees in Rowlinson Knitwear can be
leaded and guided with different methods and techniques. This can depend upon current or on
going situation in the organisation(Cunliffe and Eriksen, 2011). For example if there is any
complex situation in the organisation related to management of external environment than
different set of theory can be used for dealing with such situation. With the help of this
performance and productivity of employees can be increased and they will also be able to adapt
themselves in the uncertain internal environment.
System leadership- As per this theory the leader must know how to extract work form its
subordinates in the systematic and sequential manner. With the help of this theory work of
Rowlinson Knitwear can be completed with less errors and mistakes. As chances of complexity
will be decreased and goals will be achieved. The plans and strategies of managing and
maintaining the behaviour of employees can also be made. System leadership style also focuses
on predicting and analysing the behaviour of its workforce. The performance and productivity of
the employees can be improved if effective utilisation of resources is done by the leader and
manager of Rowlinson Knitwear(Coles, Bailey and Calvert, 2012). System leadership style
will enable the manager and leader to create such conditions where each and every employee can
work as per its potential.
All the leadership style has its own strength and weakness, so the leader of the organisation can
decide which leadership style will be best suitable in the current situation. Use of the appropriate
leadership style can directly lead to management of all activities in the proper manner.
Contingency theory will be more appropriate for the manager and leader of Rowlinson Knitwear
because its action plan will be decided as per the current situation of the organisation.
TASK 3
P4 The key approaches to operations management and the role that leader and managers play.
Managers and leaders can make use of various operation management approaches for
extracting work from the employees. These approaches guides the leaders to decide the strategies
for the future course of action. If the manager and leader of Rowlinson Knitwear is successful in
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using these approaches in the proper manner than profitability of the organisation can be easily
increased. Some of the major key approaches of operation management are discussed below-
Total quality management- The major motive of this approach is to make plans for
maintaining the quality of products which are offered to the potential customer's. This approach
aims at providing maximum satisfaction to the customer's which are there in the market. By
using this approach management of Rowlinson Knitwear can easily create loyalty among
customer's. Manager will focus on making plans for increasing the satisfaction level and
experience of customer's(Harland and Uddin, 2014). If the organisation is using good quality of
raw materials for manufacturing the final product than customer's will start having faith in the
company's product. Best benefit of this approach can be drawn if employees are provided
training regarding the completion of work by the leader.
Just in time- As per this approach need and requirements of the customer's must be
fulfilled within prescribed time period. This approach focus on producing the product according
to the customer's demand. Manager of Rowlinson Knitwear can use this approach for reducing
cost and wastage of the operation department and organisation. While the leader can guide its
employees to utilise the available resources in the proper manner. This will help the organisation
is saving its cost and resources in the best possible manner.
Lean production- This approach is generally used for reducing unnecessary expenses in
the production process of Rowlinson Knitwear. It will lead to increase in sale of the organisation
because products will be available at low price. For achieving the manager can focus on
providing latest technology, so that chances of wastage is reduced. While on the other hand
leader can focus on increasing knowledge and skills of employees, so that they are able to use the
latest technology.
Six sigma- This approach includes the use of statistical data for reducing and eliminating
defects in the final product. Since the organisation performs its business functions at various
locations, so the chances of defects in the final product is increased. The manager of Rowlinson
Knitwear can provide proper transportation facilitates to the potential customer's. While leader
can make plan to manage its workforce, so that customer's are satisfied(Huxham and
Vangen,2013).
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P5 The importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives.
Operation management is related with controlling and managing the production process
in the systematic manner. Appropriate plans for operation management can lead to growth and
profitability of the organisation. It is also related with using various practices and procedures for
improving and enhancing overall performance of organisation. With the help of operation
management design of product can be improved(Kolpak and et. al., 2016). The importance and
value of operation management are mentioned below-
Evaluation of business activities- It is very much essential for the organisation to reduce
inefficiencies in the production process, so that raw materials can be used in the proper manner.
Operation management aims at analysing and evaluating the assigned task to remove
unnecessary error and defects. With the help of this workforce of Rowlinson Knitwear can be
encouraged to complete the assigned task with less error and mistakes.
Cost minimisation- It is concerned with taking necessary steps for reducing and
eliminating cost form each and every activity of organisation. It aims at saving cost, which can
be used for the future course of action. The management of Rowlinson Knitwear needs to make
appropriate plans before launching any new product in the market. This will lead to saving the
cost and resource of the organisation(Lin and et. al., 2011).
Enhance performance- operation management also aims at motivating and guiding the
employees, so that their overall performance is increased. If the employees of Rowlinson
Knitwear are motivated than their performance and productivity will be directly increased in the
best possible manner.
Time management- Operation management can also help in saving time of the
organisation. As with the help of this each and every activity can be properly managed. If the
management of Rowlinson Knitwear is able to manage time than its productivity will be directly
increased. As less wastage of resources will be done(Matt and Rauch, 2013).
With the help of these operational management activities and functions manager of Rowlinson
Knitwear can easily make plans for achieving its long and short term objectives within limited
period of time. This is because manager will be knowing how to make the employees work and
what methods can used to save the time and other important resources of the organisation.
Operation management can also help the organisation in competing with the competitors in the
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effective manner. As good quality of products will be produced to increase the satisfaction level
of potential customer's.
TASK 4
P6 The factors within business environment which impact operational management and decision
making by leader and manager.
Business environment comprises of internal and external factors which direclty or
indirectly affect the working of various organisations. Internal factors are internal to the
organisation which includes- employees, organisational structure and culture. While on the other
hand external factors are present outside the business organisation. These generally include-
legal, political and technological factors. These largely affects the plans and strategies made by
manager and leader of Rowlinson Knitwear(McEntire and Greene-Shortridge, 2011). Some of
the major factors which are related with internal and external environment of the organisation are
mentioned below-
Internal factor
Organisational culture- This internal factor directly affect the decisions taken by leader
or manager. It is the duty of manager and leader of Rowlinson Knitwear to make positive and
appropriate organisational culture by providing equal opportunities to every employee. Manager
can focus on creating discrimination free environment in the organisation, so that employees are
satisfied. Employees can also be involved in the decision-making process which will facilitate
positive organisation culture and will also increase efficiency and effectiveness in decision-
making process. Whereas if the manager or leader of the organisation fails in doing this than
chances negative impact on the decisions will be increased. Appropriate set of strategies can be
made by the leader of organisation for reducing any negative impact of this factor in the
decision-making and operational management.
Employee support- Employees are the most valuable asset for the organisation. As they
help in increasing the productivity. Employees of Rowlinson Knitwear can help the manager and
leader in taking logical decisions for the future course of action(Miniotaitė and Bučiūnienė,
2013). If the employees of organisation are motivated than it will the duty of manager and leader
to take decisions keeping in mind need and wants of their valuable employees. This internal
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factor will lay a positive impact on the decision-making of organisation, as effective strategies
will be suggested by its workforce for the achievement of goals and objectives.
External factors
Customer demand- Customer's play a vital role in increasing the sale and profitability of
the organisation. It is the duty of management to analyse the exact need and demand of its
customer's and than make plans for manufacturing the product. This can be done by conducting
research in the market by the manager. While leader can motivate its employees to make best use
of their skills and knowledge, so that customer's demand are fulfilled. If the organisation is not
successful in taking care of the needs and demands of its customer's than decision-making of
leader will be negatively affected. As it will increase the chances of mismanagement within the
organisation.
Competitors- It is quite essential for Rowlinson Knitwear to know the strategies and
plans of competitors. After knowing this manager will be able to make better strategies for
giving tough competition to the competitors. Manager can also make some necessary changes in
the existing polices(Nakamura and et. al., 2015). While the leader and motivate its employees to
get involved in decision-making process. By suggesting new and innovative ideas for overall
growth of organisation. If strategies are not implemented as per the current situation of market
and also according to its competitor than chances of negative impact on the organisation will also
be increased.
Impact of CSR on the decision-making of leader
The CRS activities done by the business organisations generally lays a positive impact on
the organisation and decision-making of leaders as well. As such activities will increase and
enhance the brand image of Rowlinson Knitwear within limited period of time. It will also
increase the motivation level of employees, each their needs and demands will also be taken into
consideration by the leader of organisation.
Impact of organisational culture on organisation.
It is very much essential for the organisation to maintain its organisational culture in the
proper manner. As by doing this chances of loss and failure for the organisation will be
decreased. It will also encourage the employees in contributing to the growth and success of
Rowlinson Knitwear. As they will be satisfied with the strategies of leader made for them. So
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organisational culture will impact in the positive manner on the functioning and decision-making
of Rowlinson Knitwear.
Impact of value
Values are considered as the principles which guide the management of organisation in
operating its functions in the best possible manner. If the organisation is successful in making
best use of these values than will impact on the growth of business in positive manner. It will
maintain the internal as well as external environment of the organisation.
CONCLUSION
From the above given report it has been concluded that with the help of proper plans for
management and operations goals of the organisation can be directly achieved. This can be done
by taking help from the leaders and managers. Competitive advantage in the market can also be
attained by analysing the marketing conditions and also by training the employees to achieve the
targeted goals. The functions of manager can be performed by considering some principles of
Henry Fayol. Contingency and situational leadership theory can be used by the leaders of
organisation for guiding its subordinates in the proper manner.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Avey, J.B., Avolio, B.J. and Luthans, F., 2011. Experimentally analyzing the impact of leader
positivity on follower positivity and performance. The Leadership Quarterly. 22(2).
pp.282-294.
Belbin, R.M., 2012. Management teams. Routledge.
Bishop, C.C., Hermanson, D.R. and Riley Jr, R.A., 2017. Collusive fraud: Leader, incident, and
organizational characteristics. Journal of Forensic Accounting Research. 2(1). pp.A49-
A70.
Chauhan, G. and Singh, T.P., 2012. Measuring parameters of lean manufacturing realization.
Measuring Business Excellence. 16(3). pp.57-71.
Chuang, E., Jason, K. and Morgan, J.C., 2011. Implementing complex innovations: factors
influencing middle manager support. Health care management review. 36(4). pp.369-
379.
Coles, D., Bailey, G. and Calvert, R.E., 2012. Introduction to building management. Routledge.
Cunliffe, A.L. and Eriksen, M., 2011. Relational leadership. Human relations. 64(11). pp.1425-
1449.
Harland, P.E. and Uddin, Z., 2014. Effects of product platform development: fostering lean
product development and production. International Journal of Product Development 18.
19(5-6). pp.259-285.
Huxham, C. and Vangen, S., 2013. Managing to collaborate: The theory and practice of
collaborative advantage. Routledge.
Kolpak, E.P., and et. al., 2016. Special aspects of leasing activities and its meaning in conditions
of enterprise competitiveness. International Review of Management and Marketing.
6(6S). pp.126-133.
Lin, B.Y.J., and et. al., 2011. The role of leader behaviors in hospital-based emergency
departments’ unit performance and employee work satisfaction. Social Science &
Medicine. 72(2). pp.238-246.
Matt, D.T. and Rauch, E., 2013. Implementation of lean production in small sized enterprises.
Procedia CIRP. 12. pp.420-425.
McEntire, L.E. and Greene-Shortridge, T.M., 2011. Recruiting and selecting leaders for
innovation: How to find the right leader. Advances in Developing Human Resources.
13(3). pp.266-278.
Miniotaitė, A. and Bučiūnienė, I., 2013. Explaining authentic leadership work outcomes from the
perspective of self-determination theory. Organizacijų vadyba: sisteminiai tyrimai,
2013, nr. 65, p. 63-75.
Nakamura, T., and et. al., 2015. Operation management apparatus, operation management
method, and operation management program. U.S. Patent 9,031,703.
Robertson, I.T. and Cooper, C.L., 2010. Full engagement: The integration of employee
engagement and psychological well-being. Leadership & Organization Development
Journal. 31(4). pp.324-336.
Online
Five Functions of Management. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://expertprogrammanagement.com/2017/11/five-functions-of-management/>.
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