Management and Operations

This study material discusses the roles and functions of managers and leaders in management and operations. It explores the relationship between managers and leaders in the contemporary business environment. The content includes theories of operational management, such as Six Sigma and Lean Production, as well as the concept of continuous improvement. It also covers topics like logistical and inventory management, planning, and the role of managers and leaders in corporate social responsibility.

Management and
Operations

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
Manager and leader- their role and functions..............................................................................3
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................5
Operation function- managers and leaders roles & functions......................................................5
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................7
Relation between manager and a leader in the business contemporary environment..................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Management alludes to a movement to deal with the assets of an association. Assets may
incorporate crude materials, hardware, human asset, etc. Everything these assets require to get
adjust to accomplish the authoritative objectives and destinations. Management performs five
fundamental capacities for example arranging, sorting out, staffing, coordinating and controlling.
A supervisor is an individual whose jobs and duty is to play out these above management work
while a pioneer is an individual who make vision and set crucial his association. To run the
association effectively, it is a lot of important for the association to get ready for its compelling
operational exercises. For reference reason this report has taken a case of an organization, Marks
and Spencer. Marks and Spencer is a British worldwide organization which worked in
assembling excellent garments, home items and food item. The organization was built up in the
year 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spenser. The organization has effectively opened 1463
stores by serving around the world.
This report examine about the jobs and obligations of a pioneer and an administrator. This report
likewise incorporates the diverse operational strategies which are utilized by the organization in
compelling and proficient creation of merchandise and enterprises.
LO 2
Manager and leader- their role and functions
A leader is an individual who has the abilities to impact an individual or a gathering of
people and direct them towards the achievement of a predefined target or objective. It is the
obligation of a leader to shape strategic vision of his thought or association. He is the person who
thoroughly considers of the container and understands the issues of his supporters (Ravindran,
2016). The function of a leader is as per the following:
Required at all level: Leadership is such an assignment which is required at all the levels,
regardless of whether at the center degree of the executives or at lower level of the board or at
the high degree of the executives. A decent leader can persuade his workforce or concern
individuals. As for the situation with Marks and Spencer, there are a wide range of worker
working at all the levels, a decent leader is one which needs to rouse the representatives. At the
point when representatives believe that their leader contemplates them then the workforce
additionally feels propelled in their work and performs to the best into it.
Delegate of an association: A leader is an individual who is an agent of his entire association or
individuals. He is the person who put the issue and issue before others in the interest of is entire
group. He is the person who assumes liability of his own group. The achievement of his group
will be his prosperity and the disappointment of his group will be his disappointment (Akalin,
Huang and Willems, 2016). As for the situation with marks and Spencer, the leader work is to

speak to the entire organization for his benefit; Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in this
organization are the delegate leaders. They are the person who structures approaches takes all the
liabilities if any emerges on the organization, they shapes the targets and convey it to the crowd
and to their workers.
A manager is an individual who deals with all the assets of an association. Assets may
incorporate the inventories, human asset, apparatuses, crude materials and some more. The
manager performs five significant capacities and they are arranging, sorting out, staffing,
coordinating and controlling. The elaboration of the capacities is as per the following:-
Arranging: The manager needs to play out the exercises as per the arranging. They ensure that
all the activities are with understanding to the arrangement. As for the situation with marks and
Spencer, a manager makes arrangements and adjusts the things to understanding to the
arrangement. They plan the goal so they have a thought regarding the assets, deterrents and so on
they become more acquainted with at the underlying level just (Hong. Through arranging an
association can set them up for the boundaries (Choi, Chan and Yue, 2016).
Staffing: Staffing alludes to placing the worker at the correct situation in an association as per
the aptitudes and information them forces. Here the capacity of a trough is to staff the
representative at their individual places and occupations. In this capacity the manager instruct the
representatives about their set of working responsibilities and the desire they have with their
work.
Situation leadership: Situational leadership is a kind of leadership style in which the
administrator or a pioneer acclimates to the style of his group or adherents to achieve the
predetermined task or work. In situational leadership, pioneer or supervisor changes his
mentality and style as for his adherents. In this, it is simply the pioneer or the director who
changes himself not the devotees. For instance, if the organization Marks and Spencer needs to
extend its business to different nations likewise, at that point the chief or the pioneer needs to
acclimate to the style of the individuals of different nations not he needs to change the worker of
that nation.
System leadership: In this sort of leadership, the pioneer or the supervisor makes a system or
condition where a representative can deliver to its potential in an association. The system shaped
by the pioneer or chief is so propelling and agreeable that it consequently spurred the workers to
gives the best. In this working environment culture likewise assumes a significant job. Marks and
Spencer gives a system where the worker has the opportunity to contribute into any thought and
supposition before taking any choice (Burns, 2018). The association takes the conclusion and
thoughts of each representative and afterward takes its ultimate choice. This action spurs the
representatives as they might suspect them as a significant part into their association.
Task oriented leadership: In this the organization frames its structure, strategies, rule and
guidelines so clear and exacting. This sort of leadership style includes disciplines and prize

system. Marks and Spencer applies this kind of leadership style at certain spots where they feel
its outrageous needs. This kind of leadership style doesn't generally satisfactory into the
associations now as they believe that the representatives can get roused through other positive
modes moreover.
Chaos Theory: In this kind of theory the mentality and the conduct of an individual is
anticipated before he his activities. This may support the pioneer or a chief to accomplish the
reaction he may get from the representatives or adherents. This may help them in the dynamic
cycle or in bringing any sort of progress into an association. As for the situation with marks and
Spencer Company, if the association needs to start such a change into their system then they
initially anticipates the reaction they may get from the representatives. Regardless of whether the
workers would acknowledge it or whether they will dismiss it.
Management by objectives: In this the association plainly characterizes its points and
objectives which is concurred by both association and representatives. In this kind of theory, the
association defines its objectives and goal by counseling from its workers. What's more, in the
earth where the objectives are plainly concur by both the gatherings for example association and
representatives there the profitability level will consequently increments and the association gets
fruitful into the fulfillment of its objectives.
LO 3
Operation function- managers and leaders roles & functions
Hypotheses of operational management-
Six Sigma: This is the instrument which helps the association in improving its proficiency. In
this methodology the sig sigma group defines the targets and objectives of an organization and
afterward assesses the real efficiency. By analyzing the real profitability, the issues alongside the
hole between the real and standard destinations are likewise broke down. From this the
organization identifies the issues and attempts to comprehend it. As for the situation with marks
and Spencer, the part of a pioneer is to define the objectives and target for the entire association
where as the capacity of supervisor is to ensure that those objectives must get accomplished by
representatives (Faruk, and et al., 2018). In six sigma, the pioneer plays out the part to
comprehend that where and why the efficiency is lacking behind and afterward execute a few
measures though the capacity of a director is to follow the bearings and screen that whether the
things and exercises are being trailed by the planning.
Lean production: Lean manufacturing is a technique wherein the association attempts to
minimum its loss without doing any trade off in this production quality. In this strategy the
organization attempts to amplify this efficiency. Marks and Spencer has received that
manufacturing strategy which prompts minimum waste and greatest efficiency. In such a case the
function of a pioneer is to pick the strategy and delivery the requirement for spares cost by

minimum waste. For this the obligation of a pioneer is to pick the proper strategy for production
from the accessible decisions. Also, the capacity of a director is to play out the planning,
organizing, directing and controlling capacity when the change is set up into the association.
Queuing theory: The technique helps the operational office in aligning the time which is taken
by a strategy in producing the items. By this technique the association knows the waiting time
and can sets its further activities accordingly. The function of a pioneer in this is to investigation
the time taken by the production technique and dissect whether the time taken is fitting or more.
On the off chance that the time taken is more, at that point the association can moves to another
technique for production. Yet, in the event that the time taken by the production technique is
suitable, at that point the pioneer will adhere to this strategy as it were. What's more, the capacity
of a chief is to see whether the production technique is fulfilling the necessary goals or not.
Diverse activity management draws near:
Principle of total quality management: In this methodology, an association thinks to achieve
all the principles which is important for an ideal management framework. According to this, the
methodology has a total of 8 principles which are: Customer center, administration, involvement
of individuals, measure approach, framework way to deal with management, continual
improvement, and authentic way to deal with dynamic and commonly valuable provider
connections (Ferguson and et al., 2019). Marks and Spencer assesses its management framework
upon these principles. In the event that they have effectively achieved every one of these
principles, at that point they have productive management framework. The part of a pioneer in
this is to set up such condition and culture which supports these principles, while the capacity of
a chief is to see whether these principles are being accomplished into association or not.
Just in time: In this kind of approach the inventory which are required by an association for
production are requested at plan. Just in time alludes to the methodology wherein the association
plans at time at which the inventories will get finished and afterward accordingly the association
put request for the inventory requires. This will help the association in saving the expense and
time for inventories. The organization doesn't need to sit tight for resuming its production action.
The part of a pioneer is to set the timetables for inventories and the capacity of chief is to screen
and control these timetables.
The concept of continuous improvement: In this methodology, the organization focuses on the
continuous improvement. In this the organization produces a little thought and attempts to
actualize it. The organization thinks that each little commitment prompts the bigger outcomes.
This methodology counsels the association to involve all degree of workers in the dynamic cycle
and afterward take the essential choice. By taking the thought and opinions from representatives,
there is higher possibility of getting an innovative thought whereupon an association can work
(Gillen,Jacquillat and Odoni, 2016). As for the situation with Marks and Spencer, the function of

a pioneer is to invite the opinions or each worker and the capacity of a supervisor is to ensure
that each representative takes an interest.
Operational capacities:
Calculated and stock administration: In this capacity the coordinations and stock is overseen
appropriately. From the best possible administration of stock Marks and Spencer can spares its
expense generally and can likewise delivers the items at time with extraordinary productivity and
viability. The strategic ought to be adjusting appropriately and the framework ought to be
appropriately characterized. Aside from this it ought not make any fortification of disarray into
the cycle. The part of a pioneer is to set up the coordinations and stock administration measure
where the capacity of director is to oversee it.
Planning: Scheduling alludes to making for time table about when and how to arrange the
inventories, what cycle ought to be followed, the timetable for creation of items, etc. By making
plan Marks and Spencer can adjust all its business exercises appropriately which encourages
them in decreasing any sort of burn through whether it is of time or assets (Hasegawa, 2017).
The part of a pioneer is to perceive the requirement for making plan and the capacity of a
supervisor is to screen the timetable.
LO 4
Relation between manager and a leader in the business contemporary environment
Both the pioneer and supervisors assumes diverse function in this contemporary business
condition. Yet, both offer a typical relationship in the accompanying setting:
Corporate social obligation: The function of a pioneer is to deliver the requirement for
imparting the benefits or salary to the general public by doing some sort of government
assistance work. The pioneer chooses the exercises which his association would perform for the
general public. It has been said that the business takes the assets from society so in this way it is
the obligation of an association to give something consequently to society. Though the chief
assumes all liability and helps the pioneer in executing the plans which the pioneer has set as a
CSR action.
Culture: The way of life of an association alludes to the workplace of the work place. The way
of life is constantly set by the pioneer and the it's the duty of a chief to ensure that this culture
ought to be followed appropriately into the association. As for the situation with marks and
Spencer, the organization's chief set a culture where the worker feel extremely propelled to work
and the way of life of association forbids any sort of separation (Kuo and Lin, 2020). In this the
capacity of a supervisor is to ensure that the way of life which is framed by the pioneer ought to
get followed into the organization.

Qualities and Ethics: Values and morals are the disposition and the standards which an
association follows into its structure. Marks and Spencer esteems and morals is chosen by its
pioneer himself. The qualities and morals do get change with the adjustment in the business
condition. While it is the obligation of a chief to ensure that these qualities and morals are being
followed up in the organization. It is likewise the function of a supervisor to teach the workers
about the qualities and morals they follow into organization.
Sustainability: Sustainability alludes the capacity to keep up a specific level. The crucial an
association must accomplish when its vision has the factor of manageability. The arrangement of
a pioneer ought to be practical; it ought to contribute into the drawn out accomplishment of
organization. Same applies with Marks and Spencer, the organization's strategic vision ought to
be a lot of feasible that it must add to the drawn out advantages. Presently days the organizations
are additionally putting their attention on their maintainability as opposed to their benefits and
development (Leiras, 2019). They believe that supportability can bring development and benefit
naturally to them.
Partners and their advantage: Stakeholder may incorporate the financial specialists, clients,
chiefs, makers, representatives, government, associations and the so forward. And everything
these individuals or gatherings requires to get fulfilled by furnishing them with their important
intrigue. The enthusiasm of a financial specialists would be in getting the profits from the cash
he had placed into the business, the enthusiasm of client is to purchase the items which can
fulfills their requirements and needs, the enthusiasm of chiefs is to run the tasks and exercises of
business in a fruitful manner, the enthusiasm of a worker is to accomplish his profession
objective which he has set for himself and some more (Mateo, 2016). Various partners have
various goals with the organization and it is the obligation of a pioneer to fulfill them all. The
pioneer should maintain its business to such an extent that he can fulfills and satisfy to all the
gatherings which are related with the organization. This undertaking is a lot of hard as it requires
a great deal of arranging and work. Be that as it may, a decent pioneer can perform it. While the
part of an administrator is to help the pioneer by playing out the entirety of his overseeing
capacities. The director needs to deal with the whole assignment which a pioneer has for him. He
is the person who deals with all the gatherings and their following advantages.
CONCLUSION
From the report examine over, the job and the elements of a leader and a manager is
obviously characterized. A leader is an individual who impacts an individual or gathering of
people to his course for the accomplishment of a specific target or objective. While a manager is
an individual who is mindful to deals with the assets of an association. These assets may
incorporate crude materials, stock, and human asset, etc. Both have various jobs and obligation
to finish. The report likewise examine about the jobs and elements of a leader and a manager at

various leadership circumstance or style. Then again, the report do zero in on operational
administration different hypotheses and approaches which are utilized by an association.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Operations Management in the Business Core Curriculum?. Operations and Supply
Chain Management: An International Journal. 9(2). pp.119-130.
Burns, M.G., 2018. Port management and operations. CRC press.
Choi, T. M., Chan, H. K. and Yue, X., 2016. Recent development in big data analytics for
business operations and risk management. IEEE transactions on cybernetics. 47(1).
pp.81-92.
Faruk, M. O., and et al., 2018. Wrong-way driving: a regional transportation systems
management and operations approach to a regional problem.Transportation research
record. 2672(14). pp.106-116.
Ferguson, N. T., and et al., 2019. Secure management of operations on protected virtual
machines. U.S. Patent 10,176,095.
Gillen, D., Jacquillat, A. and Odoni, A. R., 2016. Airport demand management: The operations
research and economics perspectives and potential synergies.Transportation Research
Part A: Policy and Practice. 94. pp.495-513.
Hasegawa, H., NEC Corp, 2017. Operations management apparatus, operations management
method and program. U.S. Patent 9,600,391.
Kuo, S. Y. and Lin, P. C., 2020. Determinants of green performance in container terminal
operations: A lean management. Journal of Cleaner Production, p.123105.
Leiras, A,. 2019. Operations management for social good: 2018 poms international conference
in Rio. Springer Nature.
Mateo, J. R. S. C., 2016. Management Science, Operations Research and Project Management:
Modelling, Evaluation, Scheduling, Monitoring. Routledge.
Ravindran, A. R. ed., 2016. Operations research and management science handbook. Crc Press.
Stevenson, W. J., 2020. Operations Management. McGraw Hill.