Management and Operations - Tesco Assignment

Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1&3.......................................................................................................................................1
1 Introduction with some definitions of the roles of management and leadership.....................1
2 Leadership and management functions according to J. Kotter ...............................................1
3 Analysis of Management by Objective process as discussed by P. Drucker...........................2
4 Illustrate the three management roles theory as discussed by H. Mintzberg...........................2
5 Analyse leadership traits theory and discuss two styles of leadership.....................................3
6 Analysis of ‘Hard’ management skills and ‘soft’ leadership skills..........................................3
7 Discuss three transformation processes in operations management........................................3
8 Evaluation of what the term Quality means and the four costs of quality for managers in
achieving business objectives.....................................................................................................4
9 Manager's role in Total Quality Management approach..........................................................5
10 Just-in-Time approach and waste reduction in operations.....................................................5
11 Three methods of capacity management in operations..........................................................6
12 Conclusion for the role of manager and leader......................................................................6
TASK 2&4.......................................................................................................................................6
1 Introduction of chosen organisation.........................................................................................6
2 Explain departments including role of operations...................................................................6
3 Background of management team in Tesco company.............................................................7
4 Strength and weakness of manager / leader approaches..........................................................7
5 Management roles and duties in the organisation....................................................................8
6 Explain role of management in the organisation by using management approaches with real
occasion.......................................................................................................................................9
7 Evaluate leadership style applied by the manager of the company..........................................9
8 Type of transformational process with suitable example.........................................................9
9 Impact of Capacity Management in the organisation..............................................................9
10 Operational recommendation to management for future improvement...............................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Management and operational help the organisation to control and design the process at
the time of production. It provide high level of efficiency by using business practices in their
organisation (Saieva, 2013). This process help the company to convert their labour efforts and
raw material into finished good. For this manager required logistics and supply chain
management skills to perform their duty in well manner. To better understand this concept,
manager of Tesco company follow the various management and leadership styles. Tesco is UK
based multinational retail company which deals in groceries items. In this report, topics going to
cover such as role of leader and functions of manager. Role of leader and manager in the
organisation at the time of operational functions. Along with this, it include relationship between
leadership and management in the organisation.
TASK 1&3
1 Introduction with some definitions of the roles of management and leadership
Leadership is the part of management which affect the employees and workers to perform
their duties and responsibilities by defining the vision and importance of their role in order to
increase production. In other words, leadership helps to set a new direction or vision for a group
through a effective leader (Peng and Lai, 2012).
Management is the process of dealing and controlling the group of people for performing
their function in an organisation. In other words, management is the set of principles that relates
to function such as planning, staffing, directing and controlling the work performance the
employees.
2 Leadership and management functions according to J. Kotter
According to John Kotter, 2019 leadership and management are different because Kotter
lies that, leadership is focuses on creating change through a vision whereas management is
focuses on creating order through processes.
Kotter defines that, leader is one who lead the people or has followers whether they have
a necessarily tittle or not, whereas manager is someone who has to use their tittle to get and listen
people. Leadership includes in its function such as recruitment, performance management,
succession planning, assessment and career planning and management function includes
planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.
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3 Analysis of Management by Objective process as discussed by P. Drucker
Management by objective (MBO) is also known as management by result (MBR)
According to P. Drucker, this process allows mangers to take activity work that needs to be done
at a time and one step to allow for a quiet work. In other words, this is a personnel management
tool where staff and managers are working collectively, monitor and records goals for a certain
period of time. To get work done effectively from employees P. Drucker includes some steps
and process such as determination organisation goals, defining employees objectives, constant
monitoring process and performance, performance evaluation, feedback and performance
appraisal.
These steps helps to analysis the work performances of employees and study of MBO. P.
Drucker lies MBO analysis helps to incorporate managerial activities in a systematic way which
directly influenced the organisational objectives in a effective manner.
4 Illustrate the three management roles theory as discussed by H. Mintzberg
H. Mintzberg management roles theory contain tasks and responsibilities that a managers
of any organisation need to perform in a effective manner. In order to understand Tesco has been
taken, that follow this theory to make effective and profitable company. These are divided in
three categories such as interpersonal, decisional and informational that is given below:-
Interpersonal: Interpersonal role theory includes figurehead, leader and liaison that are
responsible for social, ceremonial matters, legal matters, effective communication, inspiring,
coaching and networking outside of organisation. The manager of Tesco company apply this
theory that helps to maintain relations with employees and customer. This is a way of
influencing the people and increasing the number of customer.
Informational: Informational role theory includes monitor, discriminator and spokes
person that seeks information within and outside of organisation and internally or externally
valuable information to delegate assignments accordingly that helps to assess company's
operations and defines issues that need to be change. Tesco's manager use this theory to get and
provide accurate information by monitoring employee's performance.
Decisional: Decisional role theory includes decision making process in context of
entrepreneur, disturbance handler and resource allocator that are responsible for inspiring
changes and innovation, internal or external issues or roadblocks and allocating resources
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(Zailani and et. al., 2012). for instance, Tesco's manager use this theory to take effective decision
in order to make profitable organisation by completing task.
For example: in above mentioned roles theory Tesco has been used interpersonal theory
that helps to give solution about legal and ceremonial matters, inspiring employees, proper
communication with staff and customer in order to make profitable and more productive
organisation. Manager of Tesco use this theory to improve the relation with employees and
customer and monitor the employee's performance who are working in organisation. By using
decision theory manager can take effective decision regarding introducing new product and
allocating the responsibility ofemployees.
5 Analyse leadership traits theory and discuss two styles of leadership
Analysis leadership traits theory refers highly study of human personality that defines and
measures the degree of personal behaviour of any person such as anxiousness, pessimist thought,
shyness, optimist thoughts and openness to new things that exist from person to person (Kauppi,
2013). It includes leadership styles that is mentioned below-
Democratic leadership: This is the type of leadership in which decision making power
and other responsibilities are shares with the group members and employees.
Autocratic leadership: In this type of leadership decision is taken by a leader only and
shares with only its followers.
For example: Tesco is a UK based multinational company dealing with groceries and
other retailer products focusing on increasing in number of product and customer. For this
mangers of Tesco should adopt democratic leadership style that helps to coordinate with all
members and staff for effective decision making in an organisation. It is decentralised theory that
is suitable when team members are professional and experienced.
6 Analysis of ‘Hard’ management skills and ‘soft’ leadership skills
Hard management skills are most often technical and teachable skills like as strategic,
economic analysis, planning or designs. This includes proficiency in foreign languages, machine
operation, computer programming etc.
Soft leadership skills refers interpersonal skills such as listening, leadership development,
team leading and guiding skills (McCrie, 2015). It includes communication, flexibility,
persuasion, patiences, team work and time management.
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For example: Tesco need to increase their production and launching new product to be
sustain in market and crack the competition. In this situation managers should use their soft
leadership skills to improving in production. This soft skills helps to maintain flexibility, proper
communication, motivation, patience, team work and problem solving abilities.
7 Discuss three transformation processes in operations management
A transformational process is an activity or set of activities that helps in operation
management input transforms such as materials, equipment, land and building, information and
capital in to output transform such as goods and services that provide value to customers
(Gunasekaran, Irani and Papadopoulos, 2014.). In other words transformation process is an
activity that takes one or more input and change it in to output for clients and customers. It
includes three types of transformation process such as-
Supply: - change in ownership of goods such as retailing
Manufacture: - the physical creation of products for example cars
Transport: - the movement of customer or material for instance taxi service
For instance, Tesco is a multinational UK based company dealing groceries and other
retailer products and services is focusing on increase in productivity and to become world's
largest retailer company. In this situation managers need to follow supply transformation process
that helps to transform ownership from retailer to customer such as if buyer purchase product
from retailer then new owner of that product is buyer. In this case ownership is transferred from
retailer to customer that would give satisfaction to consumers as well as organisation.
8 Evaluation of what the term Quality means and the four costs of quality for managers in
achieving business objectives
Quality means doing the right things and unique that is defined by each person. In other
words quality includes attribute, characteristic and reliability of products and services. It also
contains the degree level that helps to meet or exceeds the needs of its customers (Ramasamy S.
and et. Al., 2013).
Cost of quality is a methodological analysis that allows an enterprise to describe the
extent to which its resources are utilized for preventing poor quality, appraise the organisation
who provide quality products or services and results from internally and externally factors. For
instance, mangers of Tesco provides good quality products after analysing the quality of their
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products and services and focuses on customer satisfaction. Managers of Tesco used four types
of cost quality in order to achieve business objectives such as:-
Prevention costs: This cost is incurred to preventing or avoiding quality problems and
these are connected with the maintenance and design of the quality management system. This
helps to achieve Tesco's objectives to prevent quality issues which is coming from customers by
providing improving products.
Appraisal costs: These costs are associated with monitoring and measuring activities
related to quality and concerned with customers and suppliers in order to verifying, supplier
rating and quality audits (Joglekar and Lévesque, 2013). Tesco's manager used this cost as keep
watching eyes on quality audits and supplier rating for achieving organisation's objectives.
Internal failure costs: This cost is incurred to rectification imperfection discovered
before delivering products and services to customers. In Tesco managers find the defects in
quality of products and services and get solution of that problem before delivering to the
customer. This process helps to achieve organisation's objectives by rectifying imperfection.
External failure costs: External costs are obtain to remedy defects disclosed by
consumers. This cost arises when design and quality of defected product are fail to reach and not
detected after delivering to the consumer. For example, Tesco managers find the external failure
cost that disclosed by customer in this case managers need to provide repair and servicing,
warranty claims, solution of complains and return policies that helps to attract the customer in
order to achieve organisation's goals and objectives.
9 Manager's role in Total Quality Management approach
Total quality management is customer familiarized procedure and design for non stop
improvement of business operations. In addition, an enterprise make continuously efforts to
improving their ability to provide on demand products and services that client would find
specific value.
Role of management in TQM approach:
Implementing TQM requires a team efforts controlled by the enterprise's leadership team.
Every person includes change management that has responsibilities and it is important for
smooth organisation to understand the role of leadership in total quality management to
delegating responsibilities in effective way (Arenas-Márquez, Machuca and Medina-López,
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2012). Such as manager of Tesco company make efforts and control leadership that helps to
delegate employees responsibilities.
10 Just-in-Time approach and waste reduction in operations
Just in time approach is an inventory strategy where raw and materials are only ordered
when there are needed in the manufacturing process. In other words, just in time approach is a
method that prevents an enterprises from using more stock and helps in entire production
operations. Its main objective is to increase the stock turnover and reduced the concerned cost.
Waste reduction in operations refers a set of procedures and practices supposed to
minimise and reduce the amount of waste produced. In Tesco, managers focuses on waste
minimisation by supports efforts and experience to promote a sustainable society. Its main
sources vary state to state and country to country.
11 Three methods of capacity management in operations
 Business capacity management: - In the business capacity management, organisation
required the human resources, equipments, technology and infrastructure facilities. For
example in the Tesco company operational team requires 50 people in the store for the
guidance of consumers.
 Service capacity management: - Service capacity include the IT resource such as
network, cooling, disk space and network. For example: In the Tesco, maintain camera
room for the regular surveillance in the store (Ahituv and Berman, 2012).
 Components capacity management: - In this method, company plane the software
license and disk space for an individual applicant. In this case it will be done according to
the demand of an applicant.
12 Conclusion for the role of manager and leader
It has been concluded that role manager and leader of the organisation is very important
person and they play very crucial role in the business. Manager & leader motivate the employees
by using various leadership and management theories. Manager also adopt the total quality of
management and just in time approaches in their organisation to produce good quality and reduce
the wastage at the time of supply goods.
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TASK 2&4
1 Introduction of chosen organisation
Tesco is large size private sector company which based in UK and it is multinational
organisation. It mainly deals in groceries & general merchandise and it's headquarter in Welwyn
Garden City, United Kingdom. Tesco founded by Hackney in 1919 and it's founder is Jack
Cohnen. It is the third largest retail sector entity in the world.
2 Explain departments including role of operations
In the Tesco company there are various department run for the effective work and they
perform their operational functions. It include finance, operations, outbound logistic, HR, IT etc.
Operations: Tesco provide services to their customers, company not producing any
product so in this case Tesco provide their services in term of operational functions for the
business. Such as maintain their stores, provide proper shelves to store goods and maintain shop
opening time. For the expansion of their business they need to identify potential area where
metro and express stores requires.
Outbound logistic: This department have responsibility to deliver products on time to
the consumers. Tesco recently add the home deliver options to enhance their service among the
competitors. Company also improve the other services such as make space for trolley stand,
parking facilities etc. for addition competitive advantage.
HRM (Human Resource Management): This department manage the whole work from
recruitment to develop management work (Rotaru, Churilovand and Flitman, 2014). Tesco
provide training to their employees which further help in to maintain customer relation.
Company regularly invest to increase customer services by providing training program and it
will motivate their staff as well. Operational team required human forces that will be recruit by
the HR department.
3 Background of management team in Tesco company
Management team: In the management team it includes those people who highly skilled
in their area. They have ability to take responsibility on regular basis and also handle the various
activities perform by the individuals (Bell, Ndje and Lele, 2013). Management team of Tesco
includes Chairman, Chief Executive, Chief financial officer (CFO) and number of non-executive
directors. Dave Lewis is the manager of Tesco company who have enough experience in brand
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marketing, general and customer management. Management team include the executive
committee which include all executive and senior executive directors. This team help the
organisation to achieve their business objectives and goals. These people work together to
manage daily operations to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of the products and services.
4 Strength and weakness of manager / leader approaches
Approaches Strength Weakness
Contingency
Approach
This type of approach focus on
individual performance. With the
help of this theory manager identify
the potential of single employee and
than divide the work according to it.
Manger will take decision according
to the situation which occur in front
of organisation.
It is very simple approach because it
works according to situation but when
manger apply this theory at practical
level it become most complex for the
manager to deal it.
It is consider as a most flexible theory
of management because manager can
use this style in various situation.
Basically there is no rules to follow
this approach manager can deal with
the situation according to
requirement.
It is reactive approach because
manager have to take responsibility
and have to avoid undesirable
environmental factors.
Trait Approach This approach focus only on leader's
trait not on followers. It identify the
leader with the help of specific trait
which is important for business to
become a leader of the organisation
(Trait theory of leadership. 2016).
Trait approach is not able to predict
future behaviour of an individual.
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This approach set a proper
benchmark for the requirement of
their leader.
There is almost no rules or guidelines
to change leader's trait.
5 Management roles and duties in the organisation
Management play very important role in the organisation to achieve business objective by
motivating employees and develop structure and strategies for the Tesco company.
Develop strategies: Manager of the Tesco company need to maintain and develop
business objectives and strategies (Yeoman and et. al., 2012). Basically it involves annual
general meeting held by manager for strategic planning. Management plays very important role
in Tesco by following these strategies because it helps the manager to enhance their productivity,
performance and profitability.
Maintain structure: Create and maintain organisational structure in the Tesco which
helps in improve business productivity and efficiency. In this process manager need to show
vertical and horizontal relationship between the departments. Manager also maintain the external
relations with the business partner, customers and company's employee.
Communicate with staff members: Communication is the major role of management in
the organisation ( Bealt,Fernández Barrera and Mansouri, 2016). It is a duty of Tesco's manager
to share company's vision with the employees through communicate with them. Employees
follow those vision which provide benefit in monetary terms such as earning profit and
manufacture quality product. Whole process done with the help of communication, so it's
managers duty to convey the vision of the Tesco among the workers.
6 Explain role of management in the organisation by using management approaches with real
occasion
Alex Ferguson is the manager of football team and player who manage Manchester
United from the duration 1986 to 2013 and it have great management skills. Alex Ferguson is the
person who have self confidence, team development skills, good communication skills, honesty
and emotional stability. These skills required in every manager for the effective management
which help the organisation to achieve their business objectives and goals.
Role of this person in the management is excellence and other will follow it's
management style for the effectiveness in their business. Alex Ferguson is the person who plays
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very important role in their football team and the retirement it become a manager of this team.
Alex Ferguson manage the whole team work very effectively and also manager their team
member. Tram face the lots of challenges but as a manager of that team Alex Ferguson handle
the whole situation very well. This person plays very important role in the management by using
various management approaches.
7 Evaluate leadership style applied by the manager of the company
Alex Ferguson is a Scottish former football player and manger who managed Manchester
as a great leader, it also relies on Great man theory. Because Alex Ferguson is self confident, he
always believes on own leadership style and managed all members. Great man theory helps to
treat everyone in an enterprises with respect and make feel valued, well functioning team and
managed them. This theory also helps in importance job of a manager is to motivate the staff
and awarded them.
8 Type of transformational process with suitable example
Changes in the organisation help to improve workers and management participation in
the business (Vasenev, Hartmann and Doree, 2014). When any organisation face the operational
issues than transformation process help the company to improve and run their operational work
in smooth way. Tesco follow this process when company face challenges at the time of
performing their duty. It includes the various type of transformational process and it listed
below:
Manufacturing: It include those companies which produce goods for the use of
consumers. This process include the creation of physical products such as car.
Transport: It include the process of moving goods and customers from one place to
another place by using transport services. Generally taxi services include in this type of process.
Supply: In this type of process, ownership of goods and products will be change after the
selling for example retailing of goods.
Service: In this type of process, consumer accept the various services through the service
provider for example: - in the hospital patient accept the service from hospital through their staff.
Tesco company follow the Supply type of transformational process because it provide
retailing services to their consumers. In this ownership of products change after purchasing
goods of Tesco company.
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9 Impact of Capacity Management in the organisation
Capacity management help the organisation to meet their current and future requirement
of IT resources. Capacity management is the part of ITIL service delivery and it is proactive
management techniques not reactive (Vasenev, Hartmann and Doree, 2014). It affect the
organisation in terms of reducing cost, improve capacity of work and also reduce the risk by
providing peak demand.
In the Tesco organisation management face issues related to the IT department due to
unmatch data of supply with the demand. It identified that wastage of product is increase that's
why supply is not able to match with the demand. So manager build strategies and try to follow
all of them to increase their efficiency and productivity. Manager adopt the Just in time approach
to reduce the wastage of products at the time of supply. For this manager need to analyse current
demand and than take decision for the future. Capacity management help the Tesco company to
reduce risk by analysing past performance.
10 Operational recommendation to management for future improvement
 Tesco need to build mobile application which provide a proper guidelines about the
products and where is to placed in store. Because in the store, customer waste their
time to find the product which they want.
 Ultra fast delivery options help the Tesco company to increase their sales as well as
the number of customer. Company recently provide home delivery option to their
consumers so the improvement in this service make it more better for the
organisation.
 Company should follow the TQM approach for the better quality of their product that
will satisfy the consumers.
 Tesco have to adopt just in time approach for the control the wastage of inventory in
their organisation. It is beneficial for the organisation to order stock according to the
requirement it will save the order as well as carrying cost.
Company need to follow these recommendation for the future improvement it will help
the Tesco to increase their sales in the future as well as add new customers in their bucket list.
These recommendation follow by the manager for the better performance which increase the
profitability of the organisation. By using these theories Tesco can increase their productivity
and profitability that will help the manager to achieve their business goals & objectives.
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CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it has been concluded that leader and manger of the
organisation play very important role at the time of performing their duty to achieve business
objectives and goals. They also perform very well in the operational functions of the business.
This report also include the various leadership and management approaches which followed by
the manager for improving their employees efficiency and effectiveness. Some of the
recommendation also suggested for the organisation which help the company for the future
improvement.
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REFERENCE
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Yeoman, I. and et. al., 2012. Festival and events management. Routledge.
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Online
Trait theory of leadership. 2016. [online]. Available
through:<https://oer.missouriwestern.edu/rsm424/chapter/trait-theory-of-leadership/>.
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