1 MANAGEMENT Executive summary Management is applicable in the personal sphere for improvising on the approach towards performingthedutiesandtheresponsibilities.Regulatingtheperformancethrough assessments and plans reflects the gradual progression towards enhancing the leadership skills, abilities and competencies. Long term goals are fruitful in terms of making long term planning for securing the future. For this, indulging in group discussions is important, which the report proposes through the reference of the Johari Window Model. These discussions are an agent for me to assess the skills, which I possess and the skills which I lack and need to adopt. Consistent evaluation of my performance would be effective in terms of upgrading the standards and quality of performance in Professional Accountancy.
2 MANAGEMENT Table of contents Introduction................................................................................................................................3 Discussion..................................................................................................................................3 Insight into self-leadership.....................................................................................................3 Path to leadership...................................................................................................................5 Design philosophy for leadership...........................................................................................7 Theoretical considerations towards leadership......................................................................8 GROW model.....................................................................................................................8 The Johari Window............................................................................................................9 Boyatzis International Change Model..............................................................................10 Selected model.....................................................................................................................11 Comparison with the other models......................................................................................11 Leadership development plan..................................................................................................12 Conclusion................................................................................................................................15 References................................................................................................................................16 Appendix..................................................................................................................................19
3 MANAGEMENT Introduction Leadership is a phase in a life, which adds value to the process of the personal development. It includes the struggle towards the enhancing the preconceived skills, expertise and knowledge. Rationality is a crucial approach in this process, which is reflected from the considerationoflogicalreasoningintheprocessofthinkingskillsandcapabilities. Conducting evaluation and audits for the selected method is apt in terms of mapping the areas which needs to be considered for the reaching to the benchmark level of performance (Shamir & Eilam-Shamir, 2018). Mention can be made of the problem solving skills and techniques, which acts as a wise step in terms of the experimenting with the gathered ideas and solutions. Consistency in this direction is apt for analysing the ways in which standards and quality of the performance can be upgraded. This report attempts to shed light on the theoretical considerations towards the development of self-leadership skills, competencies and abilities. Discussion Insight into self-leadership Every action is completed through the preparation of agenda. This includes the factors, driving the future leadership, assisting in gaining an insight into the additional competencies needed. As a matter of specification, the factors driving towards future leadership are radial transparency, power of giving, constructive conflict, tri-sector leaders and expanding the thought process beyond the bottom line. In this case,Komives and Wagner, (2016) points outthe leadership competencies, which are emotional intelligence, effective communication, ripple intelligence, authentic adaptation, courage and teamwork. According to my opinions, emotional intelligence is the most effective option in terms of seeking an insight into personal skills, abilities and competencies. In this process, social contract theory can be infused. This is because indulging in discussions with others is assistance in terms of identifying the drivers, which leads to upgradation of the skills, abilities
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4 MANAGEMENT and competencies. These discussions reflect the communication, which comprises of the tactics, through which I can influence others. Emerging successful in displaying rational approach in this context is fruitful in terms of enhancing the preconceived leadership skills (Clinton, 2018). I think that communication skills reflect the capability to accomplish the identified and specified goals. This communication helps in understanding the needs and requirements of others, which is the primary aspect of leadership. In terms of intelligence, I can say that prediction is crucial in terms of altering the nature in which the actions are performed. This is through the means of synthesizing the context and the interaction for reaching to the desired results. In this process, risk assessment is one of an important step for detecting the obstacles, which can act as an obstacle in the process of my development. Mapping the benefits and the harms is the desired outcome, which I need to consider for deducing relevant conclusion towards achieving personal development in a proper sense. Along with this, I can point out authentic adaptation, which assesses the capability towards proper application of the agenda into practice. As a matter of specification,Storey, (2016) is of that viewit is the transformation of theory into action. I also feel that motivation from the seniors is needed for exposing productive performance. Consistency in encouragement seems productive for generating trust among the stakeholders. In terms of altering the standards and quality of performance, keeping a purpose statement is needed. This is in terms of adopting the change in accordance to the identified goalsandobjectives.Couragetowardsacquiringthechangeisthekeystonetowards enhancing the leadership skills, abilities and competencies. I feel that this courage is crucial in terms of effective handling of the adverse situations. In this,Antonakis and Day,(2017) highlights thatstrategic planning is essential for exposing systematic approach towards executing the tasks in an efficient and effective manner.
5 MANAGEMENT Teamwork is one of an effective means for sharpening the leadership skills, abilities and competencies. Taking responsibilities for task allocation reflects the slow and gradual progression towards becoming a leader. In this, prioritization of others’ need is accounted as an essential attribute of a true leader (Rosenbach, 2018). I feel that preserving the integrity is vital for averting the instances of conflicts, discrimination and harassments. Emerging successful in catering to the mutual needs of the team members attach value and weightage to the process of developing the leadership skills, abilities and competencies. Path to leadership Believe is the cornerstone towards progressing on the path to leadership. This believe is assistance in terms of adopting the changes and implementing them into the actions. Affirming with the ideas ofLussier and Achua, (2015), I can point out that the path of leadership comprises of self-growth, self-leadership and leadership. Fig 1: Path to leadership (Source:Mendenhall et al., 2017)
6 MANAGEMENT I think that habits govern the actions of the individuals. As a matter of specification, habits are formed from synthesizing knowledge, skills and motivation. These habits shape the personality, leading to the formation of an entity. Fig 2: Powerful factors of habits (Source:Huntrods & Pascarella, 2017) Repeated actions shape the personality of the individuals. Consistency in this process leads us to perfection. Based on this, it can be said that this excellence or perfection is not an act instead a habit. Motivation is assistance for us in terms of conducting self-assessment, which demarcates the right and the wrong actions. Getting proper motivation acts assistance in terms of maintaining consistency in the performance. I think that control over the thought processes is necessary in terms of monitoring them, before they become actions. I feel that leaders need to be proactive for achieving their development. In this, the main focus is on proper interpretation of the stimulus, which provides freedom for the appropriate selection of the response (Raymer et al., 2018). Typical components of the process are self-awareness,
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7 MANAGEMENT imagination, conscience and independent will. Possessing win-win approach is not always productive, as negative consequences are bound to occur in the struggle towards progressing on the path towards leadership. In this, mention can be made of the biases, dilemmas and conflicts, which, according to my opinions, contradict the aspects of maturity, trust and integrity. I also feel that regulation of the emotions is crucial in terms of enhancing the leadership skills, abilities and competencies. Here, affirming to the arguments ofArdichvili, Nattoch and Manderscheid, (2016),I can relate Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Specifically, the need of self-esteem is the most relatable, as it comprises of respect, which is needed for emergingasPeople’sLeader.Returningthegainedrespectenhancesthemutual understanding between the leader and the following. Cognitive learning theory can also be implemented in this context, as I think learning through observation is important for upgrading the standards and quality of the performance. Design philosophy for leadership As the focus is on the self as a leader, therefore, I think the thought process needs to be generated from within the mind and not inheriting the thought processes of the hierarchy. This relates to the attribute of the culturally sensitive, which the leaders need to adopt in terms of respecting the individual sentiments of the team members. Within this, aligning with the arguments ofBaron, (2016),I can point out aspect of value driven, which reflects the attempt towards preserving the traditionalism in the manner of executing the duties and the responsibilities. In the path to leadership, I think the most important aspect is the creation of a climate, where innovation and creativity can be incorporated into the performance. The main focus is on the facilitation of change, which can be achieved through the consideration of theories like Whitmam Grow, Boyatzis international change model and Johari Window Model.
8 MANAGEMENT With the advancement of civilization and technology, the parameters and paradigms of leadership has encountered several changes (Day & Dragoni, 2015). Within this, I can point out the system thinking or design thinking, which has enhanced the virtual learning skills of the individuals. This is in terms of the synthesis of cause and effect, helping in conducting the self assessment. This synthesis acts as an agent for mapping the harms and the benefits, which the leader would achieve from implementing the decisions. Theoretical considerations towards leadership GROW model Fig 3: GROW model (Source:Wall, 2018) As the name suggests, this model can be related to the development, as it comprises of the elements of goals, reality, options and will power. As a matter of specification, I can say that this model is apt in terms of enhancing my awareness about the reality within which I can make practical applications of the learnt skills in unleashing the opportunities. For this, I think the goals need to be long term for accomplishment of the identified and specified benchmark. As I pursue Masters in Professional Accounting, therefore, I should aim high for
9 MANAGEMENT achieving the post of an Accountant Manager in some reputed bank. At the current stage, I am in the second semester of Master degree, where I get to do practical tests by using software. This pertains to development of budgets; excel regarding the cash flows and others. Sometimes, I fail to perform the functions in excel, as negative answers are generated. These times, I feel that I could have utilized my flexible oratory skills for pursuing Masters in MarketingandOutreach.However,kindandcooperativeapproachofmysupervisor generates within me an urge to expose better performance. As a result of this motivation, my will power towards excelling in the field has enhanced. The Johari Window Fig 4: The Johari Window (Source:Kunze, Jong & Bruch, 2016) The main essence of this model is the comparison between self and others in terms of knowledge. The four components of this model are: things, which I know; things I do not know; things they know and the things they don’t know. Social contract theory can be applied for mapping the common arenas in knowledge between me and other people. The negative aspects in this context are the blind spots. Knowledge gaps are created when neither I nor the other people can express their knowledge regarding certain aspects. These arenas are the facade and unknown. If they know, but are not disclosing the facts, then I can say that it is under the influence of unconscious mind, which extracts the labour from us in spite of our
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10 MANAGEMENT willingness. If I indulge in group discussions with my peers, relatives and friends, I would be able to gain an insight into the effectiveness of the accounting operations, which I am performing. This insight also acts as an agent for me in terms of unleashing the opportunities for widening my knowledge horizons (Cheng & Szeto, 2016). Boyatzis International Change Model Fig 5: Boyatzis’ International Change Model (Source:Leithwood, 2018) In this model change is perceived through several discoveries. The primary discovery is my ambition, which is leader. The next discovery pertains to my current stage, where I am pursuing Master’s degree course in Professional Accountancy. Within this, a sub-process is to discover my strengths for gaining an insight into the similarities between my true self and the ideal self or the benchmark, which I have set for myself. For this,Glatthorn et al., (2018) thinks thatconsidering the Gallup Strengths Finder Test is apt. Consistency and rationality in undertaking the test would enhance my awareness about the opportunities, which I can avail for excelling in my field. Once I get to know the opportunities, I would be able to find ways for reducing the gaps for enhancing the standards and quality of my performance. In the process of finding the solutions, I would be able to discover new behaviour, thoughts upon learning new concepts, which would expand the scope and arena of my thinking skills and
11 MANAGEMENT judgemental capabilities. Here, I can cite the example of online courses, which would help me to interact with the professors while I am involved in self-studies.Leigh, Rutherford and Williamson, (2017) opines that this approach would be essential in terms of clarifying the doubts. Selected model I think Johari Window is apt for me in terms of progressing on the path of leadership. This is because of detecting the arenas, which needs modification for enhancing the standards and quality of performance. Indulging in group discussions is beneficial for me in terms of assessing the things, which I know better than others or the others know better than me. Insight into the things, which I do not know is helpful for me. This is for seeking the ways through which I can reduce my knowledge gaps. Here, according to the views ofBaron and Parent, (2015),I can cite the example of conducting explicit internet search, which would enhance my awareness about the simpler ways in which I can perform the accounting operations. However, I am concerned about the performance, which would be displayed under the influence of the unconscious mind. On the other hand, these actions would be an additional shade into my capability, which I can utilize for expanding the scope and horizon of my capabilities and competencies. Comparison with the other models I can compare the Johari Model with that of Great Man Theory and Trait Theory. This is because for leader, I must be inquisitive towards the ways in which I can upgrade the standards and quality of my performance. Gaining control over the emotions is one of the ways in which a leader can gain respect from others (Waddock, 2016). I can cite the example that when I am allotted the responsibility of handling a team in a project, my approach would be to put others’ needs at the priority instead of my. Rationality and consciousness in this approachwouldmakemeaPeople’sleader.Forthis,willingness,perseveranceand commitment towards the duties and responsibilities are vital.
12 MANAGEMENT Leadership development plan Planning is essential for achieving positive outcomes in the actions. This planning is extremely important for attaining personal and professional development. In this, I can cite the act of upgrading the standardsand qualityof performance. Urge to regulatethe performance through the means of checklists, plans and goals is the true essence of a leader (Rigby et al., 2018). Setting time limits is one of the effective ways in which I can improvise on the approach towards performing the activities. I think 2 years is apt in terms of achieving slow and gradual perfection in the performance up to the level of a leader. The following is one of the sample leadership development plan, which I think would suffice the need of my personal development: GoalsDevelopment activity SupportDurationOnthejob behaviours Key results Togain flexibility in usingthe technologies Attending diploma courses in IT Assistance from the IT experts 6 monthsPositifve scoresin accountanc y projects Upgradation ofthe performance inusageof technologies Toconduct internet search Keyword search Flexible internet connect, online assignment helps 4 monthsSearching forthe accounting conceptsin lesser time Improvising on the time takenfor completing the allocated activities Toleada teamin projects Practical testsby leadinga teamon Accounting tools, software 5 monthsPositive feedback Gainingthe skillsof handlinga team
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13 MANAGEMENT accountseffectively Toindulge ingroup discussions Counter- arguingthe pointsof othersin group discussions Verification ofthe proposition s 2 monthsPositive comments onthe approach Expansion ofthe thought horizons Toindulge inproject managemen t courses Completing and managing theprojects on time Internet search guidance and support fromthe expertsand seniors 6 monthsGood scoresImprovising onhandling projectson accountancy Evaluation andself assessment Writing reflection on the experience ofhandling theprojects andteam members Personality tests 1 monthControl overthe emotions Measuring theareas, which needs modification Table 1: Leadership development Plan (Source: Created by the author) I think gaining flexibility towards using the technologies is crucial for me in terms of executing the accountancy operations in an efficient and effective manner. I would attend the
14 MANAGEMENT 6 months diploma courses on computer, which I think would be an effective step towards gaining this flexibility and competencies. Positive scores in the practical tests would reflect the upgradation of my performance in using the technologies. I also think that internet search is equally important for me in terms of getting to the relevant accountancy information in lesser time. In the diploma course, I would learn how to conduct keyword search for opening directly the webpage, which I require for extracting the relevant information for completing the project. Searching the WebPages in lesser time would reflect my capability towards completing the tasks in lesser time than the allotted time. I would also explore my skills on leading teams in projects. In this, the accounting tools like software would help me in getting the desired outcomes. Positive feedbacks in this direction would help me to make slow yet gradual progress towards enhancing leadership skills, abilities and competencies.I also feel that indulging in group discussions is vital in terms of gaining an insight into the effectiveness of the things, which I know and lack. If I am able to counter-argue the points of others, it means that I am proposing valuable feedbacks. Verification of the propositions would be effective in terms of expanding on the thought horizons. Apart from this, I can mention the courses on project management, which would be helpful for me to expose appropriate approach towards handling the projects. Project management courses would support me to derive positive outcomes through synthesis of the aims, objectives and anticipated findings. Conclusion Observing the surroundings generates an urge within me to upgrade the standards and quality of my performance. This is executed through the means of planning and developing strategies, so that the activities can be organized according to the priorities. Controlling the emotionsisthestruggletowardsenhancingtheleadershipskills,competenciesand capabilities. This is through the means of gaining an insight into the dark shades of the
15 MANAGEMENT character, which acts an obstacle in the process of attaining development. Self evaluation is an effective option in terms of upgrading the personality traits. Conducting plans and indulging in practical exams is assistance in terms of experimenting with the opportunities, which I can avail for excelling in my field. Personality tests are a support for enhancing the awareness towards the current situation and the extra initiatives, which are needed for attaining the personal development.
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16 MANAGEMENT References Antonakis, J., & Day, D. V. (Eds.). (2017).The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Ardichvili, A., Nattoch Dag, K., & Manderscheid, S. (2016). Leadership development: Currentandemergingmodelsandpractices.AdvancesinDevelopingHuman Resources,18(3), 275-285. Baron,L.(2016).Authenticleadershipandmindfulnessdevelopmentthroughaction learning.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(1), 296-311. Baron, L., & Parent, É. (2015). Developing authentic leadership within a training context: Threephenomenasupportingtheindividualdevelopmentprocess.Journalof Leadership & Organizational Studies,22(1), 37-53. Cheng, A. Y., & Szeto, E. (2016). Teacher leadership development and principal facilitation: Novice teachers’ perspectives.Teaching and Teacher Education,58, 140-148. Clinton, R. (2018).The making of a leader: Recognizing the lessons and stages of leadership development. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.. Day, D. V., & Dragoni, L. (2015). Leadership development: An outcome-oriented review basedontimeandlevelsofanalyses.Annu.Rev.Organ.Psychol.Organ. Behav.,2(1), 133-156. Glatthorn, A. A., Boschee, F., Whitehead, B. M., & Boschee, B. F. (2018).Curriculum leadership: Strategies for development and implementation. SAGE publications. Huntrods, C. S., An, B. P., & Pascarella, E. T. (2017). Impact of intercollegiate athletic participationonleadershipdevelopment.JournalofCollegeStudent Development,58(2), 198-214.
17 MANAGEMENT Komives, S. R., & Wagner, W. (Eds.). (2016).Leadership for a better world: Understanding the social change model of leadership development. John Wiley & Sons. Kunze, F., De Jong, S. B., & Bruch, H. (2016). Consequencesof collective-focused leadership and differentiated individual-focused leadership: Development and testing of an organizational-level model.Journal of Management,42(4), 886-914. Leigh, J. A., Rutherford, J., & Williamson, T. (2017). Stakeholder perspectives of an approach to healthcare leadership development through use of a multidimensional leadership development conceptual model.International Journal of Practice-Based Learning in Health and Social Care,5(1), 77-96. Leithwood, K. (2018).Leadership development on a large scale: Lessons for long-term success. Corwin Press. Lussier, R. N., & Achua, C. F. (2015).Leadership: Theory, application, & skill development. Nelson Education. Mendenhall, M. E., Osland, J., Bird, A., Oddou, G. R., Stevens, M. J., Maznevski, M., & Stahl, G. K. (Eds.). (2017).Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Raymer, S. D., Dobbs, J., Kelley, C. P., & Lindsay, D. R. (2018). Leadership Education and Development: Theory Driven Evolutions.Journal of Leadership Education,17(2), 138-148. Rigby, J. G., Forman, S., Fox, A., & Kazemi, E. (2018). Leadership Development Through Design and Experimentation: Learning in a Research–Practice Partnership.Journal of Research on Leadership Education,13(3), 316-339. Rosenbach, W. E. (2018).Contemporary issues in leadership. Routledge.
18 MANAGEMENT Shamir, B., & Eilam-Shamir, G. (2018). “What’s your story?” A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development. InLeadership Now: Reflections on the Legacy of Boas Shamir(pp. 51-76). Emerald Publishing Limited. Storey, J. (2016). Changing theories of leadership and leadership development. InLeadership in Organizations(pp. 33-58). Routledge. Waddock,S.(2016).Mindfulnessandintegrity:Theongoingchallengeofleadership development. InBusiness ethics: New challenges for business schools and corporate leaders(pp. 110-126). Routledge. Wall, T. (2018). Infusing ethics into leadership learning & development. Routledge.
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