Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Evaluate the meaning and purpose of management at senior, middle and junior levels.......1 TASK 2...........................................................................................................................................2 2.1 Analyse different styles of management...............................................................................2 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................2 3.1 Evaluate why change occurs and how it is managed...........................................................2 3.2 Evaluate how change is managed........................................................................................3 TASK 4............................................................................................................................................4 4.1 Evaluate the importance of communication by and with management, in relation to decision making..........................................................................................................................4 4.2Evaluate the nature and use of management information systems and assess their impact on the decision making process...................................................................................................5 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION The term 'management' is an effective tool for directing and coordinating the group efforts towards a common objective. There are various activities which are included in the management such as planning, organising, leading and coordinating (Burke, 2013.). It is necessary forevery organisation as it is help businesses to accomplish their objectives and goals with efficiently using available resources. In this respective project,the chosen organisation is Tesco which is a British multinational groceries and general merchandise retailer, headquarters is situated in the Welwyn garden city, Hertfordshire,England, and UK. In context of the file, the pointswhicharecoveredarerelatedwithmanagementlevels,styles,importanceof communication withmanagement in decision making, and nature and use ofmanagement information system. TASK 1 1.1Evaluate the meaning and purpose of management at senior, middle and junior levels. Management is an art of organising the activities of a business in reference to achieve target and objectives. By help of good management,a business can utilize its resources in achieving one or more goals (Dalkir, 2013). In context of Tesco, they are adopting various management strategies to achieve their organisational objectives and goals. There are various level inmanagement where the employees are working according to their power. These levels are described below:- 1.Senior level –It is top level of management which is handled by board of directors, chiefexecutive,andmanagingdirector.InreferenceofTesco,theyareadopting hierarchical structure of management where the roles are specifically divided according to the power of employees (Stark, 2015). Managers working at this level are responsible for the management of objectives and policies of the organisation as well as they give more time to planning and coordinating functions. Middle level– At this level brand managers and departmental managers are working for the functioning of the business and they are also responsible towards the top management about the outcomes received by them. Middle level managers of Tesco doing various activities like Private Relations, funds, Marketing and Advertising, Human Resource Management, etc. 1
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lower level– This level is also known as operating level of management. This level includes supervisors, foreman, section officers etc. In reference to Tesco, they are succeeding in the market because they are dividing the work according to the efficiency. People who are working on this level have a direct contact with common people on daily basis. TASK 2 2.1Analyse different styles of management. There are various types of management styles which are used in today' business world. If firm want to adopt one or more than one style then they can adopt,but before adopting any style they should evaluate their effects on the business. These styles are defines below:- Directive– This is very common style of management which can be define by a top- downdecisionmakingprocess(Anheier,2014).Accordingtothisstyle,top management of Tesco is responsible to clear aims and objectives of company in order to facilitated their employees to understand about their roles and responsibilities. This style is adopted when the employees are having less skills and knowledge. Autocratic –In this management style managers, leaders and supervisors are only responsible for making decisions without helping of their subordinates. If Tesco is adopting this management style then only the top managers are responsible for making decisions. In this style the managers can take decision very quickly,but on the other hand,employees will be demotivate because while taking decision managers might squelch employee morale and advices. Democratic– This management style is working for the subordinates in a positive manner as it welcomes the feedback of subordinates. In Tesco, they can motivate their employees by listen their ideas, needs, and plan which helps them to create a healthy environment and communicative relationship between the managers and employees of the company. TASK 3 3.1Evaluate why change occurs and how it is managed 2
Changes are necessary for every organisation growth and profitability in context to new technology, implementations, customer service improvements, and many others. It is important for mangers to evaluates these changes so that they can conduct their activities according to the situations (Beaven, 2012). In reference to Tesco, there are various changes occurs in their business because of some factors like new technology, new opportunities, performance gaps, crisis, and many others. Implementing of these changes are beneficial for the organisation as it helps them to sustain in the market for a long period of time. For implementing this changes Tesco needs to make those strategies which help them to inspire their employees to accept these changes so they can support to increase the productivity. Moreover, Tesco is implementing self check-out system for the resistance of its employees. They are also adopting globalization so they can expand their business and also they are trying to rapidly change in their technology so they enables to increase their productivity so they can beat their competitors. On the other hand after implementing the changes Tesco needs to manage these changes, in this case managers plays a crucial role. Managers are responsible for identifying the changes required in the organisation so they can divide various responsibility according to the employee's efficiency so they can do work properly. They need to make plan and strategies for developing awareness, leadership, and training to the employees regarding the new changes so that they can easily accept the changes and do their work efficiently. 3.2Evaluate how change is managed Tesco has come across a crucial change in term of introducing and implementing new technologies, new products and management in the organisation. So now the point is that how to evaluate these changes which might occurs in the organisation. This strategy may be used to evaluate that how much these changes are good for the organisation and what is the benefit for the organisation of these changes. There are various strategies which are used to evaluate the changes, from all the strategies here are mentioned a strategy which can be used by Tesco to evaluates its changes:- Lewin's change model:-This model is developed for understanding the change process in three stages. These three stages which are used in this model for evaluating the changes:-Unfreezing:-This factor is important as it helps the business to create an awareness about that why and how the changes is required in their company. In relation to Tesco they 3
must examine all the factors like old behaviours, processes, people, and organisational structure to show the employees how necessary a change is to beat their competitors. If the employee are well known from the changes and the necessity of it then they accept changes easily and work towards the organisational goals.Changing:-Once the changes is accepted by the employees, then the next step is to implement the changes. This stage is required a great training and support development programmes because in this stage Tesco needs to inspire the employees to implement the changes in their production so they can chance their production as well as profitability. Moreover, at this stage good communications and leadership also plays crucial role for conducting the changes processes effectively. Freezing:-Atthisstage, after implementing thechanges,itmightbe happen that employees are inclined to revert to their old habits. For preventing themselves from this situation the management of Tesco should make proper arrangements regarding to controlling, monitoring, and make adjustments. Then they can inspire the employees to stabilized on the changes which is very beneficial for the whole organisation (Fleming and Koppelman, 2016). TASK 4 4.1Evaluate the importance of communication by and with management, in relation to decision making In the organisations, effective communication is very important as it helps them to exchanges the idea, messages, and speeches with others. Effective communication is also helps the managers to conducting their activities like planning, organising, leading and controlling properly. In context of Tesco, as it is a largest organisation,so the managers of this company have to interact with various employees, investors, and many others so they should able to convey their message to them. Through effective communication, management convey skills and knowledge to members for the execution of strategic tasks. If the management of company communicate with the various people accurately and timely, then they will able to achieve their targets and goals easily. Moreover,Tesco is adopting a communication channel from where the employee and managers can be communicate with each other. It helps the employees to direct 4
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share their ideas, problem, and opinions to the managers which helps the managers to take decision accordingly. 4.2Evaluate the nature and use of management information systems and assess their impact on the decision making process The management information system is very important for every organisation because it helps them to keep its important data at on place. It it very useful for the Tesco company also because they can identifies their employees information, organisation information like expenses, revenue, profit, loss and many others. Moreover, it helps them to take effective decision by help of the proper information (George, Haas and Pentland, 2014). By help of this systems they can also easily communicate with their customers and suppliers and also can record all the transaction within the organisations. Other then that, it helps the tesco to in various aspects like information access, data collection, collaboration, interpretation, and presentation which helps them to take decisions very quickly. CONCLUSION From the above article it can be understood that management is necessary of very business, without management a business can not be succeed. For creating a healthy environment a company needs to divide their activities according to the power of employees. Tesco can adopt any of management style to controlling and managing their operational activities, so they can increment their productivity and profitability. Moreover, it explained that how communication and management information system is important in the management. 5
REFERENCES Books and Journals Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Dalkir, K., 2013.Knowledge management in theory and practice. Routledge. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. InProduct lifecycle management (Volume 1)(pp. 1-29). Springer, Cham. Anheier, H. K., 2014.Nonprofit organizations: Theory, management, policy. Routledge. Beaven, D. F., VirtualAgility Inc, 2012.Processing management information. U.S. Patent 8,095,413. Fleming, Q. W. and Koppelman, J. M., 2016. December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. George, G., Haas, M. R. and Pentland, A., 2014. Big data and management. 6