Innovation, Technology, and Apple Case Study Analysis Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of innovation and technology management within a business context, using an Apple case study to illustrate key concepts. It begins with an introduction to innovation, its benefits, and methods, setting the stage for an exploration of major international trends in technology, including mobility, big data, and cloud computing, and their effects on business operations. The report then delves into the cyclical model of change and the impact of technology on both positive and negative aspects of human life, such as social interaction, obesity, and privacy concerns. Furthermore, it includes a survey on technology usage and attitudes, followed by a discussion of intellectual property rights, particularly trademarks, and the importance of brand protection for businesses like Apple. The report emphasizes the significance of trademark registration and the legal protection of brands within the competitive market. Overall, the report examines the dynamic interplay between technology, innovation, and business practices, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities in the modern business landscape.

Management
Information
Technology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Innovation is the process of innovating or making something new and offer it to a large
number of customers for satisfying their needs and wants. It can be an anything like a process,
product and other. One of the main benefits of innovation is that it provides opportunity to
enterprises to make something new and innovative. Better results can be achieved by utilising all
tools of innovation management. Main objective behind the process of innovation is to increase
the convenience level of customers and at the same time, to earn large number of profits. Many
enterprises apply this for getting competitive advantage and to capture a large market share.
Innovation increase the profits of firms and at the same time, decrease cost of number of
activities. The scope of innovation is very wide as it gives birth to new product or increase the
features and performance of existing products.
Applications of a product are increased with the help of innovation as additional features
are added to a product. Along with this, innovation lower the prices of product and provide
opportunities to firm to offer innovative products at affordable prices to large number of
customer. Various methods can be used by an individual or firm to give shape to innovation.
Brain storming is one of the popular method of innovation. Along with this empathy mapping
can also be used by firms. Innovation and technology management is used under this report for
studying. Various system of protection which can be used by the innovator is detailed under this
report. Along with this the efficiency of protection which should be considerer by thy innovator
is also detailed under this essay. Present report is base on the given case study of Apple Various
development in technology, its relationship with various activities of business and various
models of change is detailed under this.
TASK
Major international trends and development in technology and innovation
Today's innovation is very effective as one can get any information in just few seconds
and communicate with a large number of people through different devices. Technology can be
used in thousands of ways by different individuals. Always something new and innovative is
introduced and people wonder on it. Current international trends in technology and innovation
can be understood by the following points: Mobility: Growth of mobile devices and apps is increasing at a fast speed and every firm
wants to take advantage of this by exploring its products and services with the help of
1

mobile technology. As per the point view of Venkatesh 2012 consumers of using
information technology are increasing day by day and this brings mobile devices and
various consumer apps in the enterprise. This gives opportunity to firms to quickly
response to various needs and wants of consumers and capture a large market share. This
increases the freedom of employees to access information. Also, it enhances convenience
of companies at the same time. it give rise to many challenges for example security of
data. Big data: Amount of information available to enterprises is large and increasing every
year. Main sources of data are mobile services and social media which are creating an
overflow of information. Seer 2011 stated that this provides benefit to those enterprises
who are able to analyse the available data and quickly respond to it. All this leads to help
the firm in getting competitive advantage.
 Clod computing: It is one of the existing trends in business environment which is helping
various firms to compete at higher level. Cloud computing decreases the funds required
for purchasing heavy equipment at workplace. It provides an opportunity to firms to
easily share, store and use relevant data easily at affordable price with high level of
flexibility.
All these are main top three trends which largely affect the business activities of firms
operating at international level. All this increases the convenience level of firms in exchanging
information or data with each other and at the same time, decreases time and cost of performing
operations.
Change in international business
According to cyclical model of change, business conditions changes as well as interest
and bank rates on loans are reduced for controlling the flow of money in market. Market rates are
known as static or natural. All these rates of interest play an important role in making the
economy or business conditions. Business leaders and politicians play an important role in
deciding the rate and giving shape to economic policy. Rate existing in the market affects
business activities especially of the firms that deal at international market.
At the time of 1960s, economic analysts were aware about the primary engines of growth
of economic market which became the multinational companies. As per the point view of in this,
model of oligopoly and monopoly was discovered and size of multinational firms increased.
2

During this time, a vast change took place in the purchasing patterns of consumers due to
increasing variety of products.
Causes of technology with its consequences
Today, technology is changing at a fast speed and changing life of thousands of people.
Technology is affecting the lives of people in both positive and negative way. One of the main
negative impacts of technology on the life of individuals is that it decreases number of face to
face interactions among people. Conversations of individuals are becoming short and limited to
only phone calls. Schwalbe 2015 says that other negative effect of technology of is that it
decreases the amount of thinking of a people because various tools are making the life of person
very easy. Main reason behind the development of technology is to find better solutions to
problem and increase convenience level of large number of individuals.
There is no doubt that technology make the live of human beings easy and comfortable. But just
like the two sides of a coin it also have some negative effects on the life of individuals. Negative
effects of technology can be understood by the following points: Isolation: As per the Rossi 2016 social isolation is increasing because lack of face to face
interactions and social activities among large number of individuals. People are becoming
busy with their own activities like they use mobile phones and latest technology whne
they are around number of people. Lack of social activities: Increasing platform of social sites decrease the face to face
interaction this lose the of individual of understanding body language and other social
clues. Obesity: Increasing technology increase the spending hours of people on video games,
social surfing rather than do exercise or being active in other activities and do exercise.
All this increase the obesity among large number of individuals. Depression: Lack of human contact rise contact as this decrease the human contact and
lack of exercise. All this leads to rise depression.
 Privacy errors: Increasing different type of tools and techniques give rise to a question
about the privacy of relevant data of individuals.
All these are the negative effect of technology ion the lives of human.
Normative questions
1. Do you like using technology ?
3

 Disagree totally
 Disagree
 Agree
 Agree strongly
 No strong opinion
2. Do you avoid technology when you can ?
 Disagree totally
 Disagree
 Agree
 Agree strongly
 No strong opinion
3. Do you think technology help you to learn new things ?
 Disagree totally
 Disagree
 Agree
 Agree strongly
 No strong opinion
4. Technology encourage or threatens you ?
 Disagree totally
 Disagree
 Agree
 Agree strongly
 No strong opinion
5. Do you feel confident while working with technology ?
 Disagree totally
 Disagree
 Agree
 Agree strongly
 No strong opinion
6. Do you think using of technology increase your time of accomplishing work ?
 Disagree totally
4

 Disagree
 Agree
 Agree strongly
 No strong opinion
7. Everyone should have knowledge to use technology ?
 Disagree totally
 Disagree
 Agree
 Agree strongly
 No strong opinion
8. One can be a good learner after knowing the use of technology ?
 Disagree totally
 Disagree
 Agree
 Agree strongly
 No strong opinion
As per Campbell and Turner (2011), most organizations like APPLE contribute a considerable
measure of time and cash in making a brand which will speak to buyers and set its items or
administrations separated from contenders. Consequently, a business won't need any other
individual putting on a show to be related with it and piggy-support on reputation. The brand of
any particular business is a case of protected innovation, and can be a standout amongst the most
profitable resources of the on-line business. For instance, when the scandalous boo.com went
into ending, the most looked for after resources of the business were the trade marks and domain
name; at the end of the day, the boo.com mark. It is accordingly vital to a business to have
security of the rights in its image. Choi, Lee and Yoo (2010), says that Before making settlement
on a brand, organisation should do some examination to guarantee that nobody else is as of now
utilizing the proposed mark. Looking through a web internet searcher and on the Companies
House site will be a decent beginning stage to decide if another business is exchanging under the
name or utilizing the brand. Securing company's own particular rights is imperative, yet it is
similarly vital to guarantee that an organisation don't encroach the privileges of other individuals.
Company ought to thusly watch that somebody has not officially enrolled their picked image
5

name as a trade mark. An essential pursuit can be done on Intellectual Property Office (IPO) site,
or agents of Trade Mark can complete a elaborate exchange stamp leeway scan for an enterprise.
Cumming and et.al., (2012), explains that the blend of the above quests will be the most valuable
approach: the freedom hunt of the trade mark will recognize whether the same or a comparative
brand has just been enrolled, while the web ventures may distinguish unregistered exchange
marks which are being utilized by different organizations.
Hildebrandt (2011), asserted that for the legal protection of a company, there is also a
requirement regarding protection and establishment of the brand. The most grounded type of
protection for a brand is an enrolled trade mark. Essentially, trade marks recognize the items or
administrations of dealers, to empower shoppers to recognize the items and administrations of
various brokers. Consumers will frequently observe a brand having the letters "TM" after it; it is
being done to distinguish an exchange characteristic of the business. There is nothing which can
stop an organisation to put "TM" after their brand or name of the business, to demonstrate that
customers are affirming rights in it in the form of trade mark. Be that as it may, the image ®
signifies an enrolled exchange check and it is a conduct to utilize this image with trade mark, the
registration of which has not done.
On the off chance that a trade mark is enrolled, extraordinary tenets utilised which
streamline the route in which its security can be made. Hildebrandt (2013), believes that Trade
marks which are not registered can likewise be secured, nonetheless, it is substantially less
expensive and simpler for a enterprise to implement their rights in an enrolled exchange stamp
than in an unlisted exchange check. Therefore, organizations ought to evaluate acquiring enlisted
trade marks to ensure their own brands. Most nations are having their own frameworks for
exchange stamp insurance and enlistment. There are additionally European and universal
frameworks of insurance which are being discussed below.
Holtshouse (2013), said that to receive enrolled trade mark in UK, a proper application
must be given to Trade Marks Registry of UK at IPO. So as to make qualification regrading the
registration of trade mark protection, it should satisfy carious kinds of criteria and should not
have any kind of conflicts with already described rights, like registered or pending trade marks.
Laudon and Laudon (2011), explains that many organizations hope to en-roll their organization
name or domain name as a trade mark. For instance, both amazon.com and lastminute.com have
enrolled as exchange marks. By having the domain name as well as organisation name does not
6

imply that name will naturally meet all requirements for enlistment nor that you have a
programmed ideal to en-roll the name as an exchange stamp, as other organization may as of
now have an enrolled exchange check for that particular name. To get registration, trade mark
should be able to make graphical presentation and must differentiate the services and goods of a
business from other organisation and should be of descriptive nature.
To pass the main prerequisite is genuinely basic. A brand which contains words,
numerals, outlines, letters, jingles or sounds will fulfil the test. To achieve the second
prerequisite is very troublesome. This is especially valid for on-line organizations, the same
number of brands on the web are picked by their proprietors for graphic understanding. A name
which is not engaging merchandise and ventures will be simpler to enlist, as it will probably
recognize products and enterprises from the products and ventures of different organizations.
While making registration of the trade mark, company must make selection of one or more class
in which they want security. There are 45 classes from which choice can be made, 11 in regards
with services and 34 for goods. For instance, various software products are there in the category
of class 9. If a company is operating a website, organisation must choose class as per services
and goods it is offering. Class 42 is for basic service class in which number of website operators
get registered.
Laudon and et.al., (2012), asserted that exchange stamp might be encroached if some
other enterprise utilizes the identical or a comparative check over the span of exchange
connection to products and enterprises indistinguishable or like those for which your stamp is
enrolled. On the off chance that either the check or the merchandise or administrations being
referred to are just comparable, the proprietor of the stamp must fulfil an extra foundation: that
the general population are probably going to befuddle the products and enterprises of the asserted
infringer with the products and ventures of the proprietor of the exchange check. This necessity
can be hard to fulfil. The class framework is vital in light of the fact that it permits simultaneous
utilization of a stamp. A decent illustration is of the brand Apple: the PC producer and the record
name of a similar name can exist autonomously in light of the fact that they each emphasis on
various markets.
Leighton (2010), in the event that if company believes that somebody is encroaching their
enlisted exchange stamp, than they must be extremely watchful regarding how approach will be
given to the another party, to guarantee that an organisation is not making an unjustified or
7

baseless danger. In a perfect world, legitimate guidance ought to be looked for before a company
make any move, as producing an affirmation regarding trade mark encroachment could bring
about the another party having a privilege of activity against company regarding unjustified
dangers.
There are various models of change which are necessary in making innovation and
creativity in a product as well as services.
 McKinsey 7-S model: The McKinsey 7-S show offers an all encompassing way to deal
with association. This model, made by Robert Waterman, Tom Peters, Richard Pascale,
and Anthony Athos amid a gathering in 1978, has 7 factors which work as aggregate
operator of progress:
1. Shared esteems
2. Procedure
3. Structure
4. Frameworks
5. Style
6. Personnel
7. Abilities
This model offers various benefits which are like; it gives essential method to understand and
diagnose an organisation, give guidance in regards with change in an enterprise, it combines
emotional and rational components. It also have various disadvantages like, whenever there is a
change in one part, all parts get changed as all the factors are interrelated. In this differences get
ignored and it is complex in nature.
 Stephen Covey: 7 Habits Model: Stephen Covey's Seven Habits show is a motivating
successive change administration process that difficulties us to inspect our qualities and
the way we respond to change in our lives. Apply the lessons initially distributed in The
Seven Habits of Highly Effective People and figure out how to oversee change viably. In
1998 Sean Covey distributed The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens successfully
making the seven propensities show more available and demonstrating that a strong
model for overseeing change in life can be displayed in a fun and very clear
configuration.
8

 Lewin's change management model: According to this model of change there are
basically three steps included tin the change management process as follows:
Unfreeze: Under this efforts are done by enterprise to get the acceptability of employees
for accepting change.
Transition: After the change is accepted, transition is the next step included in this string
leadership is required.
Refreeze: After change has been successfully implemented or accepted it become stable.
 Kotter model of change include the 8 steps:
 Create urgency
 Form a powerful coalition
 Create a vision
 communicate the vision
 Remove obstacles
 Create short term wins
 Build on the change
 Anchor the changes

CONCLUSION
From the above presented report which is based on the topic of management of the
information technology, it has been analysed that proper administration of the technology which
is in relation with the knowledge and information is very necessary as it will assist an
organisation in making success and growth in the market. As per the case of the trademark in
China, a local seller was selling product with the name IPHONE on it, and in this case an
argument has been lost by Apple, due to their lack of legal registration and protection. Lawful
expense insurance (LEI), otherwise called lawful protection insurance (LPI) or basically
legitimate protection, is a sort of protection which protects policyholders against the potential
expenses of lawful activity brought by or against the policyholder. As there is still minimal
universal harmonization regarding laws which secure brands, the rights and cures accessible will
generally rely upon the specific nation or nations included. Organizations ought to take into
consideration which sort of markets are essential for them and ensure that rights in enterprises
brands are viably secured in that kind of business sectors. It might appear to be costly at
9

particular time, yet it merits doing over long haul. The web is a capable publicizing medium and
frequently the business's brand is the absolute most vital bit of licensed innovation possessed by
a business – and the one that is being well worth securing. With the assistance of the legal
security as well as protection, company will be able to secure their services and products in a
better way.
Main objective which is being defined is to make increment in the customer's
convenience level with the assistance of innovative as well as creative products. This objective
has been achieved as organisation practice legal protection against their innovative and creative
product and this helps in attracting more customers.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Campbell, G. and Turner, J.D., 2011. Substitutes for legal protection: corporate governance and
dividends in Victorian Britain. The Economic History Review. 64(2). pp.571-597.
Choi, S.Y., Lee, H. and Yoo, Y., 2010. The impact of information technology and transactive
memory systems on knowledge sharing, application, and team performance: a field
study. MIS quarterly. pp.855-870.
Cumming, D., and et.al., 2012. Legal protection, corruption and private equity returns in Asia. In
Entrepreneurship, Governance and Ethics (pp. 173-193). Springer Netherlands.
Hildebrandt, M., 2011. Legal protection by design: Objections and refutations. Legisprudence.
5(2). pp.223-248.
Hildebrandt, M., 2013. Legal protection by design in the smart grid. Report commissioned by the
Smart Energy Collective (SEC). Nijmegen: Radboud University Nijmegen.
Holtshouse, D.K., 2013. Information technology for knowledge management. Springer Science
& Business Media.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2011. Essentials of management information systems. Upper
Saddle River: Pearson.
Laudon, K.C., and et.al., 2012. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm,
Seventh Canadian Edition (7th. Pearson.
Leighton, M., 2010. Climate change and migration: key issues for legal protection of migrants
and displaced persons. Climate change and migration: key issues for legal protection of
migrants and displaced persons.
Melville, N.P., 2010. Information systems innovation for environmental sustainability. MIS
quarterly. 34(1). pp.1-21.
Rossi, G., and et.al., 2016. Is legal protection sufficient to ensure plant conservation? The Italian
Red List of policy species as a case study. Oryx. 50(3). pp.431-436.
Schwalbe, K., 2015. Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.
Seer, R. and Gabert, I., 2011. European and International Tax Cooperation: Legal Basis,
Practice, Burden of Proof, Legal Protection and Requirements. Bulletin for
International Taxation. 65(2). pp.94-98.
10