Management of Digital Systems

This document provides an in-depth understanding of the system development life cycle and the different stages involved in implementing an information system. It also explores the types of information systems used in organizations and their role in improving decision-making and operational efficiency. The document includes a list of hardware and software commonly used in digital systems. The content is relevant for students studying management of digital systems or related courses.

Management of Digital Systems

Table of Contents
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
System Development Life Cycle.................................................................................................1
Strategic, Tactical Operational Data............................................................................................3
List of Hardware and Software....................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
Types of Information System.......................................................................................................4
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................8

TASK 1
System Development Life Cycle
System development life cycle is a process of information system development in an
organization. There are different stages are included in this process to implement system with
high success rate. These steps are followed in the development of the information system with in
an organization. This process includes different steps which are- Planning, Requirements, design
and prototype, software development, testing, development and operations and maintenance.
Each step includes different procedures in order to implement system effectively (Bach, Čeljo
and Zoroja, 2016). To implement information system in Chester university a particular system
development cycle can be use.
Planning
The objective of this step is to establish the a wide scenario for the system development
in the future. This is one of the most important step of the system development process. The
process of planning starts with the evaluation and recognition of requirements of the
organization. A specific plan developed in this process to meet the requirements of the
organization. The selection and development of particular project is depended on the need of the
education institute. In this step whole process of system development is decided which going to
be used in the future. In planning different aspects are also included which are- cost of process
and equipments, required resources, benefits of system and time required for development of
system.
System analysis and Requirements
This step includes the functional requirement of the system development process and
solutions for the requirement that are evaluated in the planning process (Baskerville and Myers,
2015). This stage is also considered of system analysis step and by this process the people and
leaders of Chester University are ensured about the information system that it will meet all the
requirements of organizations. In this step proper solution like Decision support system and
Management of Information System are selected.
System Design
System designing step includes the paper based planning which is used to design the
technical system as per the requirement of organization. The purpose behind this step is about
designing a proper system on paper planning which can meet organizational requirements. It is
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kind of paper based plan or design of system that is going to be developed in the Chester
university.
Development
This is the step where the paper based plan or designs are transformed into the fully
functional systems. It includes the process in which is as per the designing specification proper
devices and software are integrated together to make a functional system that can solve
information related issues of data (Beynon-Davies, 2016). For example as the virtual design of
DSS a real physical functional system is developed in this stage for the Chester university.
Integration and Testing
As a system is developed physically then there are different testing processes are
followed to check the efficiency, accuracy and precision of the system. In this process systems
are evaluated on different standards that can check the efficiency of the developed system.
Implementation
As developed system passed from the quality check it is implemented in the organization
for routine use. It is the process where Chester University can start using this system to meet
their requirements. In the case of pilot implementation system is used because a new information
system is going to implemented in Chester University.. For Example as DSS implemented in
organization can use it to improve their decisions by using the data provided by the Decision
support system.
Operation And Maintenance
As system implemented in organization for operation, regular maintenance is performed
to maintain the efficiency of system. It also includes providing regular updates to the system.
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Strategic, Tactical Operational Data
This data is about the process that is followed through the whole process. Planning of
system development also can be taken as system development. These all strategies of system
development is known as strategic data. For example, the data which is used by the organization
to provide information regarding to the planning of implementation process. Data like
performance goals of implementation process can be consider as strategic plan. The short term
goals in the process of system development process can be consider as tactical data for example
development of small parts of IS and its performance data can be considered as tactical data.
(Cassidy, 2016). The operational data of the SDLC is related to the performance data of the
system in Chester university. For example speed of data processing, data transferring and storing
can be considered as operational data. This operational data can be evaluated in terms of
megabytes and Kilobytes.
List of Hardware and Software
Hardware
1. Work station.
2. Network wiring
3. Physical network of system
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Illustration 1: System development Life Cycle
(Source: The system development life cycle, 2019)

4. Internet connection
5. Internet Server
6. Router
7. Server
8. Mail and communication server.
9. Switching Hub
Software
1. Model of Data base
2. Proper operating system
3. Data reading drivers
4. System Application (for DSS)
5. Moodle
6. Turnitin
TASK 2
Types of Information System
There are mainly six type of information systems are used in the organization to collect, store
process data which is important for organization. These information systems are-
Pyramid Diagram of Organizational Level and Information Requirement
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In the organization people works on different level and it is important for them to know
about what kind of information people need on each level. There are basically there levels are
provided for an organization which are operational management, tactical management and
strategic management (DeLone and McLean, 2016). By this system complexity of information
system can be reduced in Chester Univrsity.
Transaction Processing System
Transaction processing system is used in the organization to keep track on the movement
of data and goods. It includes the documentation or recording of all data that is stored in the
company. For example in Chester university it can be used in the library to keep the record of
movement of books.
MIS
It is also known as management of information system. There are many other information
systems can be used. The role of the MIS in organization is to keep the management in between
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Illustration 2: Pyramid Diagram of Organizational Level and Information Requirement
(Source: Types of Information System: TPS, DSS & Pyramid Diagram, 2019)

these information systems. For example this information system can manage the flow of data
between different software.
Decision Support System
This system used in the organization to get data based suggestion that can help the
organization to make efficient decision to get better success. It uses various type past data as
input to find patterns to find future possibility that can improve the decisions of organization.
Artificial Intelligence or Expert System
This information is one of the most advance type of system that is based on the self
learning process. There are different data is collected by this system and neural network in
processor of AI find different patterns and connection between data to take better decision to
make operations of Chester University highly efficient (Laudon and Laudon, 2015). It can be
also considered as smart system which is able to take decision based on data analysis and it do
not need any human interference in process. It can be used in organization to reduce the work
load on employees
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Illustration 3: DSS (Decision Support System)
(Source: Decision Support System (DSS). 2019)

OLAP
It is known as online analytical processing. This system can be used in Chester to
analysis the data that is present on different online sources. This system is well efficient to
collect data from online sources and process them by sorting (Pearlson and Saunders, 2019). This
system can be used in Chester to collect the academic information from the online sources.
This is how Different information system can be used in Chester University to collect, store and
process information and data to improve their performance.
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Illust
ration 4: Artificial Intellligence
(Source: Artificial Intelligence: Definition, Types, Examples, Technologies, 2018)

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bach, M.P., Čeljo, A. and Zoroja, J., 2016. Technology acceptance model for business
intelligence systems: Preliminary research. Procedia Computer Science, 100, pp.995-
1001.
Baskerville, R.L. and Myers, M.D., 2015. Design ethnography in information
systems. Information Systems Journal, 25(1), pp.23-46.
Beynon-Davies, P., 2016. Information Systems Development: an introduction to information
systems engineering. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Cassidy, A., 2016. A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. Auerbach
Publications.
DeLone, W.H. and McLean, E.R., 2016. Information systems success
measurement. Foundations and Trends® in Information Systems, 2(1), pp.1-116.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2015. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital
Firm Plus MyMISLab with Pearson eText--Access Card Package. Prentice Hall Press.
Pearlson, K.E. and Saunders, C.S., 2019. Managing and using information systems: A strategic
approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Online
Artificial Intelligence: Definition, Types, Examples, Technologies, 2018. [Online]. Available
Through.<https://medium.com/@chethankumargn/artificial-intelligence-definition-
types-examples-technologies-962ea75c7b9b>.
Decision Support System (DSS). 2019. [Online]. Available
Through.<https://www.corservsolutions.com/solutions/features/decision-support-
system/>
The system development life cycle, 2019. [Online]. Available Through.
<http://cpanel.stpaulsscience.org/gceict/specifications/wjec/unit3/sdlc/cycle/intro.htm>.
Types of Information System: TPS, DSS & Pyramid Diagram, 2019. [Online]. Available
Through. <https://www.guru99.com/mis-types-information-system.html>.
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