Management and Organization in a Global Environment
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This assignment analyzes the study of enterprises and its management in the global environment. It covers management theories, globalization, enterprise culture, and structure.
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Running head: MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Name of the Student Name of the University Author’s Note
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1MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Executive Summary Thisassignmentanalyseson the study of enterprisesand itsmanagementin the global environment. This first activity elucidates on the study of management theories. This section highlights on the academic discipline affecting management, development of management theories and historical background of the management theories. The second activity focuses on the globalization nature and differences in national culture. The topics discussed in this activity includes- factors impacting globalisation and leading to globalisation trend, national culture differences, expert views on globalisation and forms of global enterprise. The third activity assess on the enterprise culture and management. This segment involves dimensions, types and determinants of enterprise culture and changing culture of IBM. The fourth activity analyses on the enterprise stricture and design. The topics illustrated in this section involves generic framework of enterprise design, ways of managing new enterprise and views on varying enterprise culture.
2MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Table of Contents E learning activities.........................................................................................................................3 Activity 1- Study of management theories..................................................................................3 Activity 2- Globalisation nature- National culture......................................................................4 Activity 3-Enterprise Culture and Management..........................................................................4 Activity 4-Enterprise structure and design..................................................................................5 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6 References........................................................................................................................................7
3MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT E learning activities Activity 1- Study of management theories Various academic discipline involving economics, anthropology, sociology, political science, psychology and philosophy impactsan enterprise management. Economicsstudy influencesthemanagementtoallocateresourcesineffectiveway.Anthropologystudy contributes in several management areas such as-wellness, recruitment process etc. Sociology study aids to assess managerial procedure in various societies. Study of political science influences the enterprise’s management practices. Psychology study aids the management to understand workers attitude towards work. Philosophy study affects management in maintaining effective governance, open culture etc. The historical background of management reflects that Egyptians and Chinese used specific had long term advisors and planners in managing any work. Sun Tzu planned military strategies by putting emphasis on significance of planning for wining the war. Chanakya Kautiliyaalsoadoptedmodernmanagementpracticebyrecruitingstaffthroughvarious interviewprocesses.Therearenumerousmanagementtheoriesthattoday’sfirmsusein administering business operations. These theories involves-general administrative theories, scientific management, organizational behavior andquantitative approach.Fayol’s general administrativetheorywasdependentoncertainprinciplesincluding-workdivision, centralization , personnel remuneration etc.In this context, Webers theory was dependent on few principles including- personnel selection, individuals promotionetc. Scientific management theoryalsotermedasTaylorismfocusesonimprovingmanagementefficiencygenerally productivity of labor. Quantitative approach primarily integrate some numeric and analytical
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4MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT method into management decision making. Organizational behavior includes early advocates, Hawthorne studies, human relations movement and behavioral science theorist. At present day, company’s management includes three approaches – systems, contingency and process. In fact, current management practice trends also changed from past trends, which involve workforce diversity, innovation etc. Activity 2- Globalisation nature- National culture There are few factors that influences globalisation such as- political, economic, cultural etc.Baylis, Smith and Owens(2017) opines that both domestic and international culture impacts globalisation. Additionally, regional trade contract also affects globalisation. For instance, Ganong Brothers, a renowned candy producer has made free trade contract with the US for sellingtheircandies.Thisagreementalongwithincreasedcostinfluencedglobalisation. Moreover, cultural differences between US value and alternate value in some instances such as hard work as factor to success, effective time management, loyalty commitment is highly evident fromrecentfacts(Moran,AbramsonandMoran2014).Additionally,expertsviewson globalisation varied with each other. Anthony view was that globalisation impacts performance of capital market, Ghemawat views that national and economic integration leads to semi- globalisation.Furthermore,different framework of nationalculture such as Hofstede and Trompenaar reflects differences in national culture (Doney, Cannon and Mullen 1998). Activity 3-Enterprise Culture and Management Enterprise culture mainly encompasses different values and behaviors, which contributes to unique psychological and social environment of the organization. Under the CEOof IBM, Grestner, the new strategy adopted by IBM was to utilize processes as well as culture for regaining benefit. The problems at IBMregarding changing its culture involves- high cost
5MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT approach, focusing on product, outmode practice etc. Grestner plays crucial role in bringing about change in culture of this enterprise (Belak . and Milfelner 2012). In fact, this enterprise has ended its liberal policy which motivates remote work and thus employees are now forced back into the office for facilitating collaboration and providing outstanding service to customers. In fact, the dress code of the employees in IBM also changed over the years.Giachetti(2016) found out that, this change in culture might take near about 5 years. Hence, Gerstner will lead huge revolution for bringing about condition and incentive. There are mainly seven dimensions of enterprise culture, which involves- stability, innovation, aggressiveness, outcome orientation, Outcome, people and team orientation. Additionally, there are four determinants to enterprise culture that involves- intensity of enterprise culture, organization size and age, workers turnover and intensity to culture. Also four types of culture included in these enterprises are- power culture,roleculture,taskcultureandaboveallperson’sculture.However,changein organizational culture has helped to improve the performance of IBM within the last few years. Activity 4-Enterprise structure and design There are mainly six attributes to enterprise structure, which involves- specialization of work, formalization, centralization, chain of command, departmentalization and time of control. Moreover, the change in enterprise structure is influenced by –skills as well as abilities of manager,availabilityofsimilartask,physicalsubordinatesproximity,sophisticationof enterprise information system.Additionally, there are two models of enterprise design, which involves- mechanic and organic structure (Giachetti 2016). In context to this, contingency factors of enterprise design include- technology, environmental uncertainty, structure, size and strategy of firm. There has been huge difference between traditional and contemporary enterprise design. Contemporary enterprise design is boundary less enterprise that involves- empowerment of team,
6MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT limited command chainand wider span of control. Therefore, as managing new enterprise has been difficult for the management, they strategizes to use networks, collaborate with team, introduce flexibility in workplace and be innovative (Schermerhornet al. 2014). Conclusion From the above study, it can be concluded the current trends in management style and practice is far better than the past management practices. The above activities highlights that differences in nation’s culture although influences enterprise, they should continue to adopt new strategy for improving their productivity as well as performance. However, the enterprise culture as well s structure should be designed by the management based on the present economic condition.
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7MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT References Baylis,J.,Smith,S.andOwens,P.eds.,2017.Theglobalizationofworldpolitics:an introduction to international relations. Oxford University Press. Belak, J. and Milfelner, B., 2012. Enterprise culture as one of the enterprise’s key success factors (integral management approach): does the internal and external cultural orientation matter?.Acta Polytechnica Hungarica,9(3), pp.27-44. Doney, P.M., Cannon, J.P. and Mullen, M.R., 1998. Understanding the influence of national culture on the development of trust.Academy of management review,23(3), pp.601-620. Eppinger, S.D. and Browning, T.R., 2012.Design structure matrix methods and applications. MIT press. Giachetti, R.E., 2016.Design of enterprise systems: Theory, architecture, and methods. CRC Press. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Schermerhorn,J.,Davidson,P.,Poole,D.,Woods,P.,Simon,A.andMcBarron,E., 2014.Management: Foundations and Applications (2nd Asia-Pacific Edition). John Wiley & Sons.Lasserre, P., 2017.Global strategic management. Palgrave.