Table of Contents ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1 1. Different types of management accounting methods from the given case study....................1 2. Relevancy of management accounting system with contemporary organization....................3 3. Role of management accounting system in competitive market and uncertain business environment.................................................................................................................................5 4. Learning outcomes on the basis of research findings that will be useful for the management accountant of Australia................................................................................................................7 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
ABSTRACT Purpose of this report is to develop understanding of management accounting system in the organization and how it helps in generating more demand & revenue. Along with this, how it will improve individual as well as whole organization performance which help in increasing efficiency as well as effectiveness.
INTRODUCTION Managerial accounting also refer to the cost accounting where this process include the identification, measurement, analysis & interpretation of data which helps the manager to understand financial position of the company(Ahmed and Duellman, 2013). It is different from the financial accounting because main objective is to provide correct information to the manager totakeeffectivedecisioninordertoachievetheirgoals&objectives.Forthebetter understanding of this concept, this report based on two articles. It focuses on implementation of modern management accounting system on multinational manufacturing company. These articles and journals help the readers to understand that, is management accounting system (MAS) beneficial for the current organization which maximise their production as well as profit margin. This report include the discussion about various topics such as management accounting techniques and relevancy of MAS to the organization. It also include the comparison of different article findings and how it is relevant to the competitive market. MAIN BODY 1. Different types of management accounting methods from the given case study Management accountingis the process of collecting financial information and used in effective manner which further helps the manager to develop effective decision in order to achieve business goals. This accounting system includes various method and techniques which helps evaluating organizational functions. Along with this, it helps in improving operational activities which maximise productivity as well as profitability. There some technology which followed by the organization in order to implement and get success to achieve desired outcomes. Some of them discussed below: Total quality of management (TQM): It is the process of identifying, reducing, removing manufacturing error as well as in supply chain management. It will enhance customer experience and increase employees efficiency through providing effective training. It help the manager to increase their product quality which satisfy customers as well as improve their market share. Organization have to provide training to their employeestoincreasetheirskillswhichimprovetheirperformance.Ithelpthe multinationalorganizationtoidentifyerrorandtheneliminatetoincreasetheir operational performance. TQM try to hold each party who involved in the production 1
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process and they are accountable for the overall actions & quality of product and services. This accounting method provide various benefits such as customer focused, workers participation, integrated system, systematic approach, fact based decision etc. Activity based costing (ABC): It is one of the costing method which included overhead and indirect cost related to the production. This methods help the manager to recognize relationship between overhead activities, cost and manufactured products. Indirect cost such as employees salary and management expenses that is very difficult to assign. ABC method helps in removing mistake which occur at the time of implementing traditional method(Brewer, Garrison and Noreen, 2015). According to given case study, ABC techniques helps in determining cost for the product and allocation of resources. Activity based costing will be calculated by using some simple steps such as identify all the activities required to manufacture products and than divided into different cost pool. Assign each cost pool driven on the basis of unit or hours and then calculate by dividing with total overheads. It help the manager todevelop their strategy accordingly and improve operational efficiency as well as effectiveness. Just in time (JIT): It is an inventory management system which help the organization to order raw material as per the requirement of production. This strategy used by many multi national organization in order to enhance their inventory management where they order quantify as per the requirement. If organisation order high quantity more than production then remaining material will going to waste. On the other hand, they business face the problem regarding shortage then it will impact the production which generate huge financial loss for the company. Just-In-Time strategy helps in developing strategy regarding requirement of raw material for the production. Now, every organization follow this system to improve their inventory management(Butler and Ghosh, 2015). It is beneficial for the organization because it helps in minimising cost which automatically increase the profit margin of the business. Above mention management accounting methods help in improving operational activities and function. It further helps the manager to build strategy to achieve their business goals & objectives. 2
2. Relevancy of management accounting system with contemporary organization Inthecurrentbusinessenvironment,complexityoftheoperationalfunctionswill increased where they implement different types of management accounting system. It help the manager to develop strategy which further required at the time of decision making process. Along with this, it help in competitive decision where it helps in building management plan, control or evaluation of business strategies. Management accounting system is very important for the organization because it provide inventory management, reduce cost to increase profit margin. Below mention information represent the relevancy of management accounting system with contemporary origination. i)Evidence from Multi-national Manufacturing Company As per the given case study, Company A follow the structure where head office control all the divisions on strategic level and it helps in operational decision making process. Lower managers are highly involved in operational activities & functions that required management accounting system for operational decisions(Demerjian, Lev and McVay, 2012). Middle level management used in different way where where they collect internal as well as external information to develop tactical decision. High level management used to take strategic decision which is beneficial for the organization and all divisions follow the strategy to complete their task and achieve business goals & objectives. IntheoperationallevelofCompanyA,managementsetKPI(KeyPerformance Indicator) for each production level where organization face the production issue because they have less time to manufacture products. KPI will be generated with the help of internal or external benchmarking and it will depend upon the specific capabilities & supply chain mechanism.Someofthescoresusefortheactivitybasedmanagementwheremanager investigate the activities which drive the cost. In the tactical decision making level, manager involved various tactical to resolve problem because operational and strategic decisions are different from tactical decision making process. It required almost 6 to 12 months of time frame where manager use management accounting system to identify information which become key sources to develop strategy. This level also compare their performance with own KPIs.These tactical based on the external information and variances, specially related to the supply chain and customer demand. 3
In the strategic level management, Company A focus on developing strategy which is morethan1year.Inordertosatisfytheirstakeholderssuchasemployees,customers, community, shareholders etc. manager have to focus on external significance which can impact the organization as well as whole production(Di Vaio and Varriale, 2018). External factors such as global trends or events, micro or macro economic factor etc. These information required by the senior manager for strategic decision making process. Company A implement various management accounting system such as Activity based costing, Just-In-Time, Total quality of management and Balance scorecard.Each methods help the organization to provide information which is beneficial for each level of management to develop strategy in order to resolve their problemsin the business and increase operational efficiency. Company A adopt these systems where they allocate resources with the help of ABC, systematic bench marking, utilise some resources by using just in time and implement TQM for the quality product. ii)Discussion about management accounting systems in company Choosearticlefocusonactivitybasedcostingsystemwhichhelpsthemodern organization to improve their operational activities. Basically, research wanted to know that how management accounting system or management control impact the agricultural management . While they researcher about how accounting system help in improving production by using latest technology (Article on Implementation of the Activity-Based Costing,2019). Main objective of this study is to identify that how Activity Based Costing helps in identifying issues which relevant to the production and it cover overall cost such as operational cost except direct material (Ibarrondo-Dávila, López-Alonso and Rubio-Gámez, 2015). Activity based costing method based on any events, unit of task, project and specific goals. It is required for production, designingofproduct,supplychainmanagementandoperatingmachine.Theseactivities consumer resources and generate and provide cost of each activity which will done for the production of goods & services. S Ltd face the issue at the time of developing activity based costing. Company found technical issues where availability of data is limited and resources were found to be influential. For example: sales volume used to allocate activity costing and measure volume which not rapidly available. Basically S Ltd face the issue regarding lack of availability of data and it will generate because of lack of investment in accounting system. 4
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Owner of S Ltd did not have computerised accounting system where they manage their day to day transaction records. So it become difficulty for the organization to collect information and develop their further strategies for the effective decisions which helps in achieving their business goals & objectives.Along with this, another issues is the communication among the operators and developers.Due to low use of technology or accounting system impact the business where manager have to follow relevant management accounting system which reduce the gap between accountant or manager. Because, communication is the best way to share information and it helps in identifying problems which they face. So management need to develop inventory management, costing system and activity based costing. It provide overall overview regarding optimum utilization of resources(Needles and Crosson, 2013). Along with this, regular review of performance will improve employees efficiency as well as effectiveness that improve operational activities. In the S Ltd,accountant have less knowledge regarding agriculture industry and farms also have little bit awareness regarding accounting system. Researcher of S Ltd able to collect information in 2 months where owner of the company fully support. Implementation of activity based costing system interacted with the help of developers of costing model and operators of workplace. These people required effective information in order to determine situation and take necessary actions. Along with this, they also ensure that flow of information would be effective for the development. This study face some limitation where they have to record each activity and transaction that occur at the time of production. Along with this, S Ltd has to follow accounting system in order to maintain proper records. As well as they have to hire knowledgable who have awareness regarding particular filed. Large size organization who already establishedinformationsystem while, S Ltd does not have resources allocation management and it impact the business as well as whole production too. This study unable to implement activity based costing method for future performance. 3. Role of management accounting system in competitive market and uncertain business environment Management accounting system can be defined as the measure which is used by top level executives of business entities for the purpose of analysing actual and accurate position of the company. With the help of it different organisations are acquiring various benefits as it helps to 5
conduct all the operational and executional activities in appropriate manner. Different types of management accounting system in current era play vital role in their competitive and uncertain business environment. All the benefits of it are as follows: Increment in customer value:In current era for all the business entities it is very important to increase customer value so that revenues could be increased. Management accounting system are used by companies to keep track record of all the business activitieswhichisbeneficialtomakechangesinthepoliciessothatcustomer engagement could be increased(Satoglu and Sahin, 2013). With the help of them top level executives analyse requirement of changes for the company and then make modifications accordingly. It helps to increase customer value by offering them such services that they are willing to acquire. Improvements in efficiency and reduction of time in business processes:With the help of management accounting system efficiency of a company to keep track record of information could be improved. It helps to keep data of all the operations which have been executed and going to be operated in future. With the help of it time which is involved in different processessuch assalary distribution, performance analysing, keeping record of goods could be reduced. Different types of management accounting systems such as inventory management system is used by companies to decrease the time which could be spent by employees in checking the stock manually. Electronic business:In all the business entities management accounting system such as activity based costing, batch costing etc. are used which are used to keeping details of different activities which are performed by companies online or offline. In case of electronic business these management accounting system provide various benefits to the organisation by helping them to execute all the operations in appropriate manner (Shabtay, 2012). With the help of themdifferent communication and information technologies are used by enterprises which are beneficial for them to keep record of all the transactions. From all the above discussion it has been analysed that for all the business entities it is very important to use management accounting system to survive and sustain in competitive market. All of them can help to execute all the operations in systematic manner. 6
4. Learning outcomes on the basis of research findings that will be useful for the management accountant of Australia According to the first case study, researcher majorly focus on management accounting system and its implementation on multinational manufacturing organization. With the help of accounting system, organization able to collect information which essentially required and helps in developing strategy for the future(Talib, Rahman and Qureshi, 2012). Manager of the company required these information in order to build plans and use this information at the time of decision making process. In the Company A, manager adopt various accounting system in order to enhance their operational performance as well as outcomes. Company follow Just-In- Time (JIT), Total quality of management (TQM), Balance scorecard (BSC) and Activity based costing method (ABC). These accounting system required by every large organization in order to complete task in effective manner and it helps in achieving business goals & objectives. For the implementationofthesesystemsonAustraliancompanywillenhanceorganizational performance. But it also required various learnings and training to the employees which make them capable to perform well and achieve their task. Business will find the difference in their performance through post or pre implementation of management accounting system and it will increase productivity as well as profitability. Along with this, it helps in improving individual performance which provide monetary benefits because staff member's performance or skills also increased. Another learning outcome of first article is that, management accounting system required by the multinational company and it provide overall market growth. Because of that, demand of management accountant will increased in the market because every organization follow this system and it required specialised person who have knowledge of this filed(Wang, Chen and Chen, 2012). It is useful information for the management accountant that in the next few years demand will be increased and they get high pay of this. In the second article, it has been concluded that in the current business environment there are still lots of business exist where they does not adopt technology to record their daily transactionalactivities.IntheSLtd,companystillfacethetechnicalissuesregarding implementation of ABC. Along with this, organization face issue regarding lack of availability of information and it occur due to non use of centralised system of accounting. S Ltd did not use computerised accounting to record their day to day activities. It helps the manager to collect information from single place which save time as well as efforts. After facing various problem, 7
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organization decide to adopt management accounting system because people does not have enough knowledge to understand accounting and maintainrecords in proper way(Warren, Reeve and Duchac, 2013). So it is the useful information for the management accountant to get opportunity to work in this organization. S Ltd has to work really hard to manage their data and maintain proper records for the manager. Because these information required to develop strategy for the future and it helps in achieving business goals & objectives. CONCLUSION From the above discussion, it has been concluded that management accounting system is very important for the organization because it helps in maintaining overall information from operation to distribution of product. Both articles majorly focus on accounting systems because it is important for the business. It helps in increasing overall production as well as profitability of the entity. So manager of the company ensure that they will provide proper training regarding its implementationandmaketheiremployeesefficientwhocanachievebusinessgoals& objectives. Just-In-Time approach used to manage inventory level in order to prevent some situations for example: wastage or shortage of raw material. Along with this, Total quality of manager ensure to provide quality product & services to their customers and satisfy their need or desires. It further increase demand which automatically increase production or profitability. 8
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