Financial Ratios Analysis

The assignment delves into various research papers and studies that utilize financial ratios to evaluate performance. It includes topics such as investment banking companies, environmental policy risks, low-carbon infrastructure investment, and mass appraisal of properties. The studies cover different industries and sectors, providing a comprehensive understanding of the importance of financial ratios in business decision-making.

Managerial Finance

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
QUESTION 1...................................................................................................................................1
A Analysing the financial ratios for 2015 and 2016...............................................................1
B Determining the performance, investment potential and financial position of both firms. 3
C Recommending ways to improve the financial performance of business........................12
D Evaluating the limitations of financial ratios to interpret firm performance....................12
QUESTION 2.................................................................................................................................13
A Application of investment appraisal techniques to advise senior manager......................13
B Evaluating the limitations over investment appraisal techniques for long term decision
making..................................................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
To develop the operational efficiency of business, there is essential requirement of having
adequate amount of funds. In order to meet various business needs such as expansion, sales,
purchase or investment, it is necessary that the business must have financial strength which in
turn is helpful for making adequate growth of business. In the present assessments, there has
been analysis based on the two sports industries: Sport Direct International PLC and JD Sports
Fashion PLC. Therefore, the managers of these organisations will be suggested to make
necessary improvements in their operational activities as to enhance the financial strength. The
report will also evaluate various investment appraisals which in turn have some limitations and
necessity in the business operations.
QUESTION 1
A Analysing the financial ratios for 2015 and 2016
To determine the profitability of both the companies in terms of this segmentation, there
will be need to analyse their financial ability. However, with the help of various ratios, the
managerial professionals will evaluate the capabilities of companies to meet the debts or to make
the expansion of business operations (Atoom, Malkawi and Al Share, 2017). In the below listed
table, there has been analysis based 2 years financial ratios of Sports Direct International Plc and
JD Sports fashion Plc such as:
RATIOS FORMULAS
Sports Direct
International Plc
JD Sports
Fashion Plc
2015 Ratio 2016 Ratio 2015 Ratio 2016 Ratio
Current ratios Current Assets 878 2.29 1311 2.42 400 1.22 511 1.47
Current
liabilities 383 541 327 348
Quick ratio
Current Assets-
inventory 361 0.94 609 1.13 175 0.54 273 0.78
Current
liabilities 383 541 327 348
1

GP Margin Gross profit *100 1241 43.81% 1285
44.25
% 740
48.62
% 884
48.52
%
net sales
revenue 2833 2904 1522 1822
Operating profit
ratio operating profit *100 287 10.13% 212
7.30
% 92
6.04
% 132
7.24
%
net sales
revenue 2833 2904 1522 1822
Net Profit ratio Net profit *100 240 8.47% 277
9.54
% 53
3.48
% 98
4.36
%
net sales
revenue 2833 2904 1522 1822
Gearing ratio
Long term-
liabilities *100 137 9.85% 333
18.31
% 43
12.11
% 42
9.48
%
Capital
employed 1391 1819 355 443
Earnings per
share
net income-
preferred
dividends 0.39 0.46 0.05 0.1
Weighted
average shares
o/s
Return on capital
employed EBIT 396 0.28 466 0.26 138 0.39 182 0.41
2

Capital
employed 1391 1819 355 443
Average
inventory
turnover period
Cost of goods
sold 1592 1.93 1620 1.87 783 2.62 937 2.72
Average
inventories 823.5 868 298.5 344
Dividend pay-out
ratio total dividends 0 0 0 0 10 0.19 10 0.10
net income 240 277 53 98
B Determining the performance, investment potential and financial position of both firms
By considering the financial analysis of both the corporations, there will be discussion
based on the profitability, financial ability and the efficiency of these organisations. Therefore, it
will be helpful for stakeholders to analyse the profitability of these companies in the long run and
the ability to meet the debts (Liang and et.al., 2016). There will be debate on various ratios with
the help of graphical presentation that will be beneficial in analysing profitability of the given
companies. The difference in the financials can be analysed as:
Current ratios:
The current ratios of the financial data set can be denoted as the current ability of firm to
meet the debts as well as make adequate payments of dividends. Thus, it consists of current
assets and current liabilities and the ratios between them will help in analysing the ability of firm
to meet expenses (Buchman, Harris and Liu, 2016). Therefore, in the below-listed chart, the
current ratios of Sports Direct International Plc and JD Sports Fashion Plc has been described as
follows:.
3

Sports Direct Internationals Plc JD Sports Fashion Plc
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
Current ratios
By considering the chart, it can be said that Sports Direct International plc is having
adequate current ratio which means that this organisation is quite capable of meeting its debts
more efficiently than compared to JD Sports Fashion Plc. The current ratios of Sports direct in
the year 2015 and 2016 as 2.29 and 2.42 respectively while on the other side, JD sports has the
ratios in 2015 and 2016 as 1.22 and 1.47 respectively. Therefore, it can be said that JD sports
need to make improvements in the operational activity as well as there is requirement to have
adequate amount of cash, bank and reserve balance which will be helpful in enhancing the
current ratios of firm. Thus, the operational ability of sports direct is quite appreciable under this
segmentation.
Quick ratio:
To determine the quick ratios of the firm, there has been measurements based on the
difference between current assets and inventories of firm. Therefore, the ratio lies as per the
current liabilities divided by such difference (Paul and Mitra, 2017). However, the below-listed
graphical presentation will describe the variations in the quick ratios of both sports organisations
as:
4

Sports Direct Internationals Plc
JD Sports Fashion Plc
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Q uic k ratio
By considering the quick ratios of both the plc: JD Sports Fashion Plc and Sports Direct
International Plc, it can be said that both the firms have appropriate ratios. While in accordance
with Sports Direct, the figure in 2015 and 2016 is as 0.94 and 1.13 respectively which describes
that in the current year, the firm has better sales and less closing stock which results in the
increment of such percentages. On the other side, JD sport has ratios for the same years as 0.54
and 0.78 respectively. It describes that the firm is having favourable growth as compared to the
last year but as per ratios of Sports Direct, the firm is having poor operational performances in
both the years. Therefore, there will be less sales or less amount of current assets available for
firm.
Gross Profit Margin:
In terms with analysing gross margin of both the organisation which in consists of the
revenue earned by firm in such period will be deductible from cost of manufacturing units (Li
and et.al., 2016). Thus, such difference will be divided from the et sales and then it presents GP
margin. However, the below listed graph will present the gross profit margin of both
organisations such as:
5

Sports Direct Internationals Plc JD Sports Fashion Plc
41.00%
42.00%
43.00%
44.00%
45.00%
46.00%
47.00%
48.00%
49.00%
43.81%
44.25%
48.62% 48.52%
GP M argin
The above listed chart determines gross profit margin of Sports Direct International plc
and JD Sports Fashion Plc which presents the huge variations in such analysis. However, in
accordance with the Sports direct the GP margin was in 2015 and 2016 is as 43.81% and
44.25%. On the other side JD sports has the ratios for the same years as 48.62% and 48.52%.
Therefore, it can be analysed that JD sports has the adequate amount of sales during the period as
well as there will be law cost of goods sold which in turn reflect the high profitability.
Operating profit margin:
In terms with the operating profit margin there has been reduction of all the operating
expenses and addition of all the operating income which in turn presents the operating profits.
However, to analyse the ratio there is need to divide OP to the net sales or revenue of the
business than the respected outcome will be known as the operating ratio (Chen, Chou and
Huang, 2016). However, it will be helpful in analysing that how capable the company is to meet
the operational cost of the business transactions. Thus, the following graph will reflect Operating
profit of both the sports industries Sports direct International Plc and JD Sports Fashion plc such
as:
6

Sports Direct Internationals Plc
JD Sports Fashion Plc
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
10.13%
7.30%
6.04%
7.24%
O perating profit ratio
There has been variation in the operating profit margin of both the companies such as
Sports direct international plc in the year 2015 and 2016 was as 10.13%and 7.30%. Therefore, it
can be said that the firm is having the not adequate operational performance in the current time
and there has been proportionate reduction in the current year. While in accordance with the OP
margin of JD Sports which has the variations for 2015 and 2016 as 6.04% and 7.24%. Therefore,
it can be said that in the current year the business have fewer expenses as compared with the
income it has generated through such operations.
Net Profit Margin:
In terms with making the adequate analysis over the net profit margin which in turn
reflect the net income obtained by firm over the period. Therefore, the net income can be gain
through making deduction of all the operational costs and relevant expense as well as adding the
income or profits gained in the particular period (Brou and Krueger, 2016). To measure the NP
margin there will be requirement of analysis the net profit for the period and then divide it from
the net sales or revenue for such period. However, in the below listed graph there has been
analysis of all NP margin for both the companies such as:
7

Sports Direct Internationals Plc
JD Sports Fashion Plc
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
8.00%
9.00%
10.00%
8.47%
9.54%
3.48%
4.36%
By analysing the NP margin of Sports Direct internation plc and JD Sports fashion plc
which has the huge variations in the such rations. Therefore, in accordance with the Sports direct
the NP margin for the year 2015 and 2016 is as 8.47% and 9.54% which describes that in the
current year there has been increment in the income or profitability of firm while there has been
reduction in the amount of expenses. On the other side, JD Sports has NP margin for the year
2015 and 2016 is as 3.48% and 4.36% respectively. Hence, it can be said that in the current year
there has been growth and a proportionate increment in the net profit margin of the firm.
However, as to make the comparison between both the organisation it can be said that Sports
direct has most favourable results than compared to the JD Sports.
Gearing ratios:
In terms with analysing these ratios which consider the long term debts of the business
over the period from the capital employed or the equity of the firm. Therefore, it will be helpful
in determining the ability of company to meet its long term debts in the required time. Hence, it
there is high proportionate of the gearing ratio that means there has been high debts as compare
with the equity (Li and Trutnevyte, 2017). While, if there is low ratio then it can be said that
there will be low debts to the equity of firm. However, in the below listed graph there has been
analysis based on the gearing ratios of both the organisation and the adequate comparison can
reflect the ability of firm in meeting the debts over equity.
8

Sports Direct Internationals Plc
JD Sports Fashion Plc
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
16.00%
18.00%
20.00%
9.85%
18.31%
12.11%
9.48%
G earing ratio
In consideration with the above listed chart the sports direct internationals plc has the
gearing ratio for the year 2015 and 2016 as 9.85% and 18.31% respectively. Therefore, it reflects
that the firm is currently operating in the favourable state as well as making the adequate
payments to the debts over equity. On the other side JD sports Fashion plc has gearing ratio for
the period 2015 and 2016 as 12.11% and 9.48% respectively. However, it can be said that
currently firm is not being able to meet the debts in time as well as there has been proportionate
reduction in such analysis.
Earnings per share:
To measure the EPS of the firm for the period which explains that how a company is
being earning in accordance with the share of the firm such as outstanding shares from common
shares. Therefore, it helps in analysing the value of shares or the capital is being gathered by firm
in the period as well as the payment of dividends will be made (Lowies, Hall and Cloete, 2016).
However, in the below listed chart there will be analysis of such EPS value of sports direct
international plc and JD Sports fashion plc.
9

Sports Direct Internationals Plc
JD Sports Fashion Plc
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.39
0.46
0.05
0.1
E arning per s hare
In terms with the above mentioned graph the earning per share of the organisations Sports
Direct International plc and JD sport fashion plc for the years 2015 and 2016. Therefore, Sport
direct has 0.39 in 2015 and 0.46 in 2016. Thus, in the current year the business is having the
adequate earning over the numbers of shares. It can be said that due to increase in the
profitability of firm there has been increment in the market value of the company which reflects
in the share price. Therefore, in the coming time the firm will have favourable amount of capital
for the operational aspects. On the other side, JD Sports has ESP for 2015 and 2016 as 0.05 and
0.10 respectively. It describes that in the current year the price of share is just doubled form the
previous year's value.
Return on Capital employed:
These measurements will be fruitful for business in terms of making the adequate
analysis over the profitability and efficiency of firm. Therefore, it can be said that with the help
of such analysis stakeholder will become able to analyse the efficiency or profitability of
business in terms of meeting the costs of new investments (Yacim, Boshoff and Khan, 2016).
However, in the below listed graph there has been analysis based on these two sports
organisations such as:
10

Sports Direct Internationals Plc
JD Sports Fashion Plc
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.28 0.26
0.39 0.41
Return on c apital em ploy ed
To analyse the profitability and efficiency of Sports direct international plc and JD Sports
fashion plc both the organisation variation s in their profitability. Thus, in terms of Sports direct
in the year 2015 and 2016 the ratio lies 0.28 and 0.26 while on the other side JD sports has 0.39
and 0.41 respectively. Therefore, it can be said that in JD sports has the adequate amount of
profitability as compared with sports direct as well as it has the proportionate rise in the ratios.
Average inventories turnover period:
The revenue generated from the sale of inventories will be measured as per the average
inventories as the cost of goods sold for the period. However, it helps in analysing the return a
company would have over the sale of inventory in the years (Dagonneau and et.al., 2017).
Therefore, the turnover ratio over average inventory for Sport direct intragenerational plc and JD
Sports fashion plc can be understand as per the below listed graph such as:
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Sports Direct Internationals Plc
JD Sports Fashion Plc
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
1.93 1.87
2.62 2.72
Average inventory turnover
period
In the year 2015 and 2016 the ratios over average inventory turnover for Sports Direct
International plc will be 1.93 and 1.87 respectively. In accordance with the ratios of JD sports it
is 2.62 and 2.72. Therefore, it can be said that JD sports will be beneficial in terms of bring the
adequate outcomes over inventory.
Dividend pay-out ratio:
This is the ratio which is determined by measuring the dividends will be paid by the firm
in terms of its net income generated over the period (Dividend Payout Ratio, 2017). Therefore, it
can be said that the firm will have the adequate amount of dividends which are need to be paid
by them. It helps in analysing the ability of the firm in making the payment for the dividends as
well as generate the fruitful revenue.
12

Sports Direct Internationals Plc
JD Sports Fashion Plc
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.00 0
0.19
0.1
Div idend pay out ratio
In accordance with the dividend payout ratios the firm will become able to have the ratios
that explains the ability of business in making the payments for the dividends. Therefore, in the
above graph Sport direct has nil balance in both the years 2015 and 2016. JD sports has 0.19 in
2015 and 0.1 in 2016.
C Recommending ways to improve the financial performance of business
To improve the financial performance of business there is need to make the adequate
analysis over the profitability and efficiency of both the businesses such as JD Sports Fashion plc
and Sports Direct International plc. Hence, as per the analysis made above in terms of
profitability ratio JD Sports has the favourable ratios while the Sports direct do not meet such
expectations.
On the other side the Sports direct has good efficiency such as current and quick ratios of
the organisation is quite favourable. Therefore, it can be said that the firm is being able to meet
the debts and make payments to its shareholders (Granoff, Hogarth and Miller, 2016).
D Evaluating the limitations of financial ratios to interpret firm performance
In terms of the financial analysis of the firms which are not reliable as it uses the
numerical data (Nekrasova, Leventsov and Axionova, 2016). Therefore, such ratios will not help
in enhancing the operational ability of the firm to meet the expected goals because of the chances
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of manipulation of such informations. However, it may make the adequate assumption to
stakeholders in relation with investment criteria but it does not satisfy in terms of profitability.
QUESTION 2
A Application of investment appraisal techniques to advise senior manager
Payback Period:
Project 1:
Project 2
14

ARR:
Project 1
Project 2:
NPV
Project 1
15

Project 2:
16

B Evaluating the limitations over investment appraisal techniques for long term decision making
To determine the profitability over the investment made by firm various projects there are
some investment appraisal which helps in making the adequate analysis over the company's
investment in the various operations (Li and Trutnevyte, 2017). Thus, it will help on making the
long term decisions but there will be some limitations or demerits of these techniques such as:
NPV: This technique helps in determining the present value of the cash flows over the
projects which were being invested by the organisation. However, it can be said that with the
help of such analysis the business will be beneficial in terms of making the analysis over which
project will be fruitful (Lowies, Hall and Cloete, 2016). There will be limitations of this appraisal
is that it does not enhances the profitability of business and it considerer the risk premium in
discounting factor.
ARR: The method used to determining the return a firm will have over its investments in
new projects. Therefore, it will be beneficial in terms of having appropriate amount of profits.
Thus, it has limitations as the concept only follows the practical aspects as well as ignore time
value of money (Yacim, Boshoff and Khan, 2016).
Payback period: This technique used to determine the period over which the firm would
make profits to overcome the invested amount. There will be limitations like it do not facilitate
the outcomes which helps in enhancing the profitability of such projects (Granoff, Hogarth and
Miller, 2016).
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above report it can be said that to improve the financial or capital strength
there is need to implicate various techniques which in turn help in making the accurate or
efficient decisions. However, in accordance with the financial analysis of JD sports and Sports
direct the financial were analysed as per profitability, liquidity and efficiency. Further there has
been analysis which were based on the two machinery projects and the various investments
appraisals were measured such as NPV, ARR and Payback period.
17

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Atoom, R., Malkawi, E. and Al Share, B., 2017. Utilizing Australian Shareholders' Association
(ASA): Fifteen Top Financial Ratios to Evaluate Jordanian Banks' Performance. Journal of
Applied Finance and Banking. 7(1). p.119.
Brou, F. B. and Krueger, T. M., 2016. Continental and National Differences in the Financial
Ratios of Investment Banking Companies: An Application of the Altman Z Model.
Journal of Accounting and Finance. 16(3). p.37.
Buchman, T. A., Harris, P. and Liu, M., 2016. GAAP vs. IFRS Treatment of Leases and the
Impact on Financial Ratios.
Chen, Y. S., Chou, J. C. L. and Huang, H. C., 2016, July. Predicting Earning Per Share with
Financial Ratios. In International Conference on Frontier Computing (pp. 957-961).
Springer, Singapore.
Dagonneau, J. and et.al., 2017. Strategic risk appraisal. Comparing expert-and literature-
informed consequence assessments for environmental policy risks receiving national
attention. Science of the Total Environment. 595. pp.537-546.
Granoff, I., Hogarth, J. R. and Miller, A., 2016. Nested barriers to low-carbon infrastructure
investment. Nature Climate Change. 6(12). pp.1065-1071.
Li, F. G. and Trutnevyte, E., 2017. Investment appraisal of cost-optimal and near-optimal
pathways for the UK electricity sector transition to 2050. Applied Energy. 189. pp.89-109.
Li, T. and et.al., 2016. Predictability of Foodstuff Stock Returns Using Financial Ratios in the
UK and US Food Markets. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology. 10(5).
pp.336-342.
Liang, D. and et.al., 2016. Financial ratios and corporate governance indicators in bankruptcy
prediction: A comprehensive study. European Journal of Operational Research. 252(2).
pp.561-572.
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